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View article: Real‐Time Empirical Risk Assessment From Recurrent Coastal Sewage Plumes
Real‐Time Empirical Risk Assessment From Recurrent Coastal Sewage Plumes Open
Untreated wastewater enters the ocean at an outfall in Mexico and spreads to the San Diego‐Tijuana (USA‐Mexico) border region, posing significant risks to human health. Here, we developed a risk assessment tool for coastal communities, lev…
View article: High‐Frequency Correlations Between Winds and <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> Change the California Coastal Upwelling System From a CO<sub>2</sub> Sink to a Source
High‐Frequency Correlations Between Winds and <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> Change the California Coastal Upwelling System From a CO<sub>2</sub> Sink to a Source Open
Net sea‐air CO 2 flux can be calculated from observations of seawater and atmosphere partial pressure of CO 2 ( p CO 2 ) and estimates of the gas transfer velocity. Typically, these quantities are calculated at a monthly resolution, which …
View article: Open Ocean Versus Upwelling Regimes: Air‐Sea CO<sub>2</sub> Fluxes and <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> Inter‐Annual Variability in the Southern California Current System
Open Ocean Versus Upwelling Regimes: Air‐Sea CO<sub>2</sub> Fluxes and <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> Inter‐Annual Variability in the Southern California Current System Open
Two moorings equipped with autonomous air‐sea CO 2 instrumentation located in the Southern California Current System were used to examine the seasonal and interannual variability of the surface partial pressure of carbon dioxide in seawate…
View article: SWOT Mission Validation of Sea Surface Height Measurements at Sub‐100 km Scales
SWOT Mission Validation of Sea Surface Height Measurements at Sub‐100 km Scales Open
After two decades of development, the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission launched on 16 December 2022, pioneering the use of Ka‐band Radar Interferometry (KaRIn) for measuring water surface elevation and achieving two‐dimens…
View article: Long High-Resolution Records of Mixed-Layer Carbon Budget Variability in the Southern California Current System
Long High-Resolution Records of Mixed-Layer Carbon Budget Variability in the Southern California Current System Open
Two moorings in the California Current Ecosystem (CCE) obtained long records of biogeochemical (O2, pCO2, pH, nutrients, Chl-a) and physical parameters (currents, temperature, salinity). Here, the data are used to investigate the seasonal …
View article: Organismal responses to deteriorating water quality during the historic 2020 red tide off Southern California
Organismal responses to deteriorating water quality during the historic 2020 red tide off Southern California Open
In April and May of 2020, a large phytoplankton bloom composed primarily of the dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedra reached historic levels in geographic expanse, duration, and density along the coast of southern California, United State…
View article: Dinoflagellate vertical migration fuels an intense red tide
Dinoflagellate vertical migration fuels an intense red tide Open
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are increasing globally, causing economic, human health, and ecosystem harm. In spite of the frequent occurrence of HABs, the mechanisms responsible for their exceptionally high biomass remain imperfectly unders…
View article: Predicting the Loop Current dynamics combining altimetry and deep flow measurements through the Yucatan Channel
Predicting the Loop Current dynamics combining altimetry and deep flow measurements through the Yucatan Channel Open
The Loop Current is the main mesoscale feature of the Gulf of Mexico oceanic circulation. With peak velocities above 1.5 m s –1 , the Loop Current and its mesoscale eddies are of interest to fisheries, hurricane prediction and of special c…
View article: Seasonal and Year-To-Year Variability of Boundary Currents and Eddy Salt Flux along the Eastern and Southern Coasts of Sri Lanka Observed by PIES and Satellite Measurements
Seasonal and Year-To-Year Variability of Boundary Currents and Eddy Salt Flux along the Eastern and Southern Coasts of Sri Lanka Observed by PIES and Satellite Measurements Open
Boundary currents along the Sri Lankan eastern and southern coasts serve as a pathway for salt exchange between the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea basins in the northern Indian Ocean, which are characterized by their contrasting salinit…
View article: The NASA EPIC/DSCOVR Ocean PAR Product
The NASA EPIC/DSCOVR Ocean PAR Product Open
The EPIC/DSCOVR observations of the Earth’s surface lit by the Sun made from the first Lagrange point several times during the day in spectral bands centered on 443, 551, and 680 nm are used to estimate daily mean photosynthetically availa…
View article: Bay of Bengal Intraseasonal Oscillations and the 2018 Monsoon Onset
Bay of Bengal Intraseasonal Oscillations and the 2018 Monsoon Onset Open
In the Bay of Bengal, the warm, dry boreal spring concludes with the onset of the summer monsoon and accompanying southwesterly winds, heavy rains, and variable air–sea fluxes. Here, we summarize the 2018 monsoon onset using observations c…
View article: Satellite detection of dinoflagellate blooms off California by UV reflectance ratios
Satellite detection of dinoflagellate blooms off California by UV reflectance ratios Open
As harmful algae blooms are increasing in frequency and magnitude, one goal of a new generation of higher spectral resolution satellite missions is to improve the potential of satellite optical data to monitor these events. A satellite-bas…
View article: Decadal Strengthening of Interior Flow of North Atlantic Deep Water Observed by GRACE Satellites
Decadal Strengthening of Interior Flow of North Atlantic Deep Water Observed by GRACE Satellites Open
The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission provides information on changes to the Earth's gravity field, including ocean mass. Long‐term trends in GRACE data are often considered unreliable due to uncertainties i…
View article: Global Oceans
Global Oceans Open
Global Oceans is one chapter from the State of the Climate in 2019 annual report and is avail-able from https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0105.1. Compiled by NOAA’s National Centers for Environmental Information, State of the Climate in 20…
View article: CALYPSO 2019 Cruise Report: field campaign in the Mediterranean
CALYPSO 2019 Cruise Report: field campaign in the Mediterranean Open
This cruise aimed to identify transport pathways from the surface into the interior ocean during the late winter in the Alborán sea between the Strait of Gibraltar (5°40’W) and the prime meridian. Theory and previous observations indicated…
View article: Biogeochemical Anomalies at Two Southern California Current System Moorings During the 2014–2016 Warm Anomaly‐El Niño Sequence
Biogeochemical Anomalies at Two Southern California Current System Moorings During the 2014–2016 Warm Anomaly‐El Niño Sequence Open
We analyzed impacts of the 2014–2015 Pacific Warm Anomaly and 2015–2016 El Niño on physical and biogeochemical variables at two southern California Current System moorings (CCE2, nearshore upwelling off Point Conception; CCE1, offshore Cal…
View article: Mooring and Seafloor Pressure End Point Measurements at the Southern Entrance of the Solomon Sea: Subseasonal to Interannual Flow Variability
Mooring and Seafloor Pressure End Point Measurements at the Southern Entrance of the Solomon Sea: Subseasonal to Interannual Flow Variability Open
Variability of the flow across the Solomon Sea's southern entrance was examined using end point subsurface moorings and seafloor pressure sensors, reconstructed velocity profiles based on satellite‐derived surface velocity and bottom press…
View article: Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation: Observed Transport and Variability
Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation: Observed Transport and Variability Open
The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) extends from the Southern Ocean to the northern North Atlantic, transporting heat northwards throughout the South and North Atlantic, and sinking carbon and nutrients into the deep oce…
View article: Autonomous seawater <i>p</i> CO <sub>2</sub> and pH time series from 40 surface buoys and the emergence of anthropogenic trends
Autonomous seawater <i>p</i> CO <sub>2</sub> and pH time series from 40 surface buoys and the emergence of anthropogenic trends Open
Ship-based time series, some now approaching over 3 decades long, are critical climate records that have dramatically improved our ability to characterize natural and anthropogenic drivers of ocean carbon dioxide (CO2) uptake and biogeoche…
View article: Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) v2019. New and updated individual cruise datasets
Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) v2019. New and updated individual cruise datasets Open
The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) is a synthesis activity by the international marine carbon research community (>100 contributors). SOCATv2019 has 25.7 million quality-controlled, surface ocean fCO2 (fugacity of carbon dioxide) observat…
View article: Autonomous seawater <i>p</i> CO <sub>2</sub> and pH time series from 40 surface buoys and the emergence of anthropogenic trends
Autonomous seawater <i>p</i> CO <sub>2</sub> and pH time series from 40 surface buoys and the emergence of anthropogenic trends Open
Ship-based time series, some now approaching over three decades long, are critical climate records that have dramatically improved our ability to characterize natural and anthropogenic drivers of ocean carbon dioxide (CO2) uptake and bioge…
View article: Coherent Circulation Changes in the Deep North Atlantic From 16°N and 26°N Transport Arrays
Coherent Circulation Changes in the Deep North Atlantic From 16°N and 26°N Transport Arrays Open
The meridional overturning circulation (MOC) has been measured by boundary arrays in the Atlantic since 2000. Over the past decade of measurements, however, the reported tendencies in overturning circulation strength have differed between …
View article: An undercurrent off the east coast of Sri Lanka
An undercurrent off the east coast of Sri Lanka Open
The existence of a seasonally varying undercurrent along 8° N off the east coast of Sri Lanka is inferred from shipboard hydrography, Argo floats, glider measurements, and two ocean general circulation model simulations. Together, they rev…
View article: Direct Observations Reveal the Deep Circulation of the Western Mediterranean Sea
Direct Observations Reveal the Deep Circulation of the Western Mediterranean Sea Open
Direct observations of the deep water circulation in the western Mediterranean Sea are presented, based on the analysis of autonomous profiling floats drifting at 1,200 and 1,900 m depth during the 1997–2002 period. The amount of water cir…
View article: Intense oceanic uptake of oxygen during 2014–2015 winter convection in the Labrador Sea
Intense oceanic uptake of oxygen during 2014–2015 winter convection in the Labrador Sea Open
Measurements of near‐surface oxygen (O 2 ) concentrations and mixed layer depth from the K1 mooring in the central Labrador Sea are used to calculate the change in column‐integrated (0–1700 m) O 2 content over the deep convection winter 20…