Veronica Mulenga
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View article: Population pharmacokinetics of ritonavir as a booster of lopinavir, atazanavir, or darunavir in African children with HIV
Population pharmacokinetics of ritonavir as a booster of lopinavir, atazanavir, or darunavir in African children with HIV Open
Ritonavir is important in antiretroviral therapy (ART) because it is used to boost the drug exposure of its fellow protease inhibitors (PIs). While PIs are commonly used in children, ritonavir data in this population are quite scarce. We i…
View article: Pharmacokinetics of lopinavir/ritonavir in second-line treatment of children with HIV in the CHAPAS-4 trial
Pharmacokinetics of lopinavir/ritonavir in second-line treatment of children with HIV in the CHAPAS-4 trial Open
Objective: Lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) remains a much used drug combination for treatment of children with HIV, but pharmacokinetic data when the adult formulation (LPV/r 200/50 mg) is used for children weighing 25–34.9 kg, or when combine…
View article: Brief Report: Pharmacokinetic Data of Atazanavir/Ritonavir in Second-Line Treatment of Children Living With HIV
Brief Report: Pharmacokinetic Data of Atazanavir/Ritonavir in Second-Line Treatment of Children Living With HIV Open
Background: There are limited data on the pharmacokinetics of atazanavir/ritonavir (ATV/r) in children living with HIV, and no data when combined with emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide. Here we present the results of an intensive pharmac…
View article: Second-Line Antiretroviral Therapy for Children Living with HIV in Africa
Second-Line Antiretroviral Therapy for Children Living with HIV in Africa Open
Second-line ART regimens including TAF-emtricitabine and dolutegravir were effective for children, with no evidence of safety concerns. Ritonavir-boosted darunavir was also effective. (Funded by the European and Developing Countries Clinic…
View article: Treatment decision algorithms for tuberculosis screening and diagnosis in children below 5 years hospitalised with severe acute malnutrition: a cost-effectiveness analysis
Treatment decision algorithms for tuberculosis screening and diagnosis in children below 5 years hospitalised with severe acute malnutrition: a cost-effectiveness analysis Open
Background Children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) are an important risk group for underdiagnosis and death from tuberculosis. In 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended use of treatment decision algorithms (TDAs) for t…
View article: Pharmacokinetics of once-daily darunavir/ritonavir in second-line treatment in African children with HIV
Pharmacokinetics of once-daily darunavir/ritonavir in second-line treatment in African children with HIV Open
Background Darunavir is a potent HIV protease inhibitor with a high barrier to resistance. We conducted a nested pharmacokinetic sub-study within CHAPAS-4 to evaluate darunavir exposure in African children with HIV, taking once-daily darun…
View article: Development of tuberculosis treatment decision algorithms in children below 5 years hospitalised with severe acute malnutrition in Zambia and Uganda: a prospective diagnostic cohort study
Development of tuberculosis treatment decision algorithms in children below 5 years hospitalised with severe acute malnutrition in Zambia and Uganda: a prospective diagnostic cohort study Open
Unitaid.
View article: Second-line tenofovir alafenamide for children with HIV in Africa
Second-line tenofovir alafenamide for children with HIV in Africa Open
Background Children living with HIV have few second-line antiretroviral therapy(ART) options, especially fixed-dose-combinations(FDC). Methods Children from Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe were randomised to second-line tenofovir alafenamide(TAF)…
View article: Clinical Outcomes in Children With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Treated for Nonsevere Tuberculosis in the SHINE Trial
Clinical Outcomes in Children With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Treated for Nonsevere Tuberculosis in the SHINE Trial Open
Background Children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, CWH) are at high risk of tuberculosis (TB) and face poor outcomes, despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). We evaluated outcomes in CWH and children not living with HIV treated for …
View article: OA-286 Plasma concentrations of first line antituberculosis drugs in infants with HIV and severe pneumonia: a pharmacokinetic sub-study of the empirical trial
OA-286 Plasma concentrations of first line antituberculosis drugs in infants with HIV and severe pneumonia: a pharmacokinetic sub-study of the empirical trial Open
Background Infants living with HIV are at high risk of tuberculosis and death. Optimal antituberculosis therapy is essential for favourable clinical outcomes particularly in severely ill children. Using WHO-recommended weight-band dosing, …
View article: OA-225 Optimising second line anchor drug options for children with HIV in Africa: 96 week results of the CHAPAS-4 randomised trial
OA-225 Optimising second line anchor drug options for children with HIV in Africa: 96 week results of the CHAPAS-4 randomised trial Open
Background Paediatric second line antiretroviral therapy (ART) formulations are limited. CHAPAS-4 (ISRCTN22964075), a 2X4 factorial randomised trial investigated efficacy and safety of 4 anchor drugs. Methods Children from Uganda, Zambia a…
View article: PA-675 Navigating the COVID-19 pandemic for participant recruitment and follow-up: experiences from the PediCAP clinical trial consortium
PA-675 Navigating the COVID-19 pandemic for participant recruitment and follow-up: experiences from the PediCAP clinical trial consortium Open
Background COVID-19, first reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019, was declared a pandemic in March 2020, causing restrictions of movement of people and goods worldwide. This affected every aspect of life, including the conduct of clini…
View article: Twice-Daily Dosing of Dolutegravir in Infants on Rifampicin Treatment: A Pharmacokinetic Substudy of the EMPIRICAL Trial
Twice-Daily Dosing of Dolutegravir in Infants on Rifampicin Treatment: A Pharmacokinetic Substudy of the EMPIRICAL Trial Open
Background We evaluated dolutegravir pharmacokinetics in infants with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) receiving dolutegravir twice daily (BID) with rifampicin-based tuberculosis (TB) treatment compared with once daily (OD) without rifam…
View article: First-Line Antituberculosis Drug Concentrations in Infants With HIV and a History of Recent Admission With Severe Pneumonia
First-Line Antituberculosis Drug Concentrations in Infants With HIV and a History of Recent Admission With Severe Pneumonia Open
Optimal antituberculosis therapy is essential for favorable clinical outcomes. Peak plasma concentrations of first-line antituberculosis drugs in infants with living HIV receiving WHO-recommended dosing were low compared with reference val…
View article: Inadequate Lopinavir Concentrations With Modified 8-Hourly Lopinavir/Ritonavir 4:1 Dosing During Rifampicin-based Tuberculosis Treatment in Children Living With HIV
Inadequate Lopinavir Concentrations With Modified 8-Hourly Lopinavir/Ritonavir 4:1 Dosing During Rifampicin-based Tuberculosis Treatment in Children Living With HIV Open
Background: Lopinavir/ritonavir plasma concentrations are profoundly reduced when co-administered with rifampicin. Super-boosting of lopinavir/ritonavir is limited by nonavailability of single-entity ritonavir, while double-dosing of co-fo…
View article: Pharmacokinetic Data of Dolutegravir in Second-line Treatment of Children With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Results From the CHAPAS4 Trial
Pharmacokinetic Data of Dolutegravir in Second-line Treatment of Children With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Results From the CHAPAS4 Trial Open
Background Dolutegravir (DTG), combined with a backbone of 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, is currently the preferred first-line treatment for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in childhood. CHAPAS4 is an ongoing randomized…
View article: First Pharmacokinetic Data of Tenofovir Alafenamide Fumarate and Tenofovir With Dolutegravir or Boosted Protease Inhibitors in African Children: A Substudy of the CHAPAS-4 Trial
First Pharmacokinetic Data of Tenofovir Alafenamide Fumarate and Tenofovir With Dolutegravir or Boosted Protease Inhibitors in African Children: A Substudy of the CHAPAS-4 Trial Open
Background We evaluated the pharmacokinetics of tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF) and tenofovir in a subset of African children enrolled in the CHAPAS-4 trial. Methods Children aged 3–15 years with human immunodeficiency virus infection…
View article: Pharmacokinetics of First-Line Drugs in Children With Tuberculosis, Using World Health Organization–Recommended Weight Band Doses and Formulations
Pharmacokinetics of First-Line Drugs in Children With Tuberculosis, Using World Health Organization–Recommended Weight Band Doses and Formulations Open
Background Dispersible pediatric fixed-dose combination (FDC) tablets delivering higher doses of first-line antituberculosis drugs in World Health Organization–recommended weight bands were introduced in 2015. We report the first pharmacok…
View article: Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Anaemia in Children Aged Six Months to Fifteen-Years Admitted to University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Anaemia in Children Aged Six Months to Fifteen-Years Admitted to University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia Open
Anaemia is a public health problem globally affecting 293.1 million children and 28.5% of these children are in the sub Saharan Africa. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anaemia and the associated risk factors of ana…
View article: Microbial Translocation Does Not Drive Immune Activation in Ugandan Children Infected With HIV
Microbial Translocation Does Not Drive Immune Activation in Ugandan Children Infected With HIV Open
Objective Immune activation is associated with morbidity and mortality during human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, despite receipt of antiretroviral therapy (ART). We investigated whether microbial translocation drives immune acti…
View article: Determinants of virological outcome and adverse events in African children treated with paediatric nevirapine fixed-dose-combination tablets
Determinants of virological outcome and adverse events in African children treated with paediatric nevirapine fixed-dose-combination tablets Open
Treatment initiation at lower pre-ART viral load and higher pre-ART CD4 cell percentage, increased adherence, and maintaining average Cmin higher than current target could improve virological suppression of African children treated with ne…
View article: Effect of diurnal variation,<i>CYP2B6</i>genotype and age on the pharmacokinetics of nevirapine in African children
Effect of diurnal variation,<i>CYP2B6</i>genotype and age on the pharmacokinetics of nevirapine in African children Open
Diurnal variation does not greatly affect nevirapine exposure. However, when daily doses cannot be split equally, the larger dose should be given in the morning. To achieve homogeneous exposures, nevirapine doses for SM and USM should be r…
View article: Plasma Efavirenz Exposure, Sex, and Age Predict Virological Response in HIV-Infected African Children
Plasma Efavirenz Exposure, Sex, and Age Predict Virological Response in HIV-Infected African Children Open
Background: Owing to insufficient evidence in children, target plasma concentrations of efavirenz are based on studies in adults. Our analysis aimed to evaluate the pediatric therapeutic thresholds and characterize the determinants of viro…