Victoria K. Baxter
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View article: Animal Models for the Study of SARS-CoV-2-Induced Respiratory Disease and Pathology.
Animal Models for the Study of SARS-CoV-2-Induced Respiratory Disease and Pathology. Open
Emergence of the betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in a historic pandemic, with millions of deaths worldwide. An unprecedented effort has been made by the medical, scientific, and public health communities to rapidly develop and impl…
View article: Mouse Models for the Study of SARS-CoV-2 Infection.
Mouse Models for the Study of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Open
Mice are an invaluable resource for studying virus-induced disease. They are a small, genetically modifiable animal for which a large arsenal of genetic and immunologic tools is available for evaluation of pathogenesis and potential vaccin…
View article: Core mitochondrial genes are down-regulated during SARS-CoV-2 infection of rodent and human hosts
Core mitochondrial genes are down-regulated during SARS-CoV-2 infection of rodent and human hosts Open
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral proteins bind to host mitochondrial proteins, likely inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and stimulating glycolysis. We analyzed mitochondrial gene expression in …
View article: Neuropathogenesis of Old World Alphaviruses: Considerations for the Development of Medical Countermeasures
Neuropathogenesis of Old World Alphaviruses: Considerations for the Development of Medical Countermeasures Open
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and other alphaviruses that primarily induce arthritogenic disease in humans, known as “Old World” alphaviruses, present an emerging public health concern as geographic ranges of mosquito vectors expand due to cli…
View article: Lethal COVID-19 associates with RAAS-induced inflammation for multiple organ damage including mediastinal lymph nodes.
Lethal COVID-19 associates with RAAS-induced inflammation for multiple organ damage including mediastinal lymph nodes. Open
Lethal COVID-19 outcomes are attributed to classic cytokine storm. We revisit this using RNA sequencing of nasopharyngeal and 40 autopsy samples from patients dying of SARS-CoV-2. Subsets of the 100 top-upregulated genes in nasal swabs are…
View article: Lethal COVID-19 associates with RAAS-induced inflammation for multiple organ damage including mediastinal lymph nodes
Lethal COVID-19 associates with RAAS-induced inflammation for multiple organ damage including mediastinal lymph nodes Open
Lethal COVID-19 outcomes are attributed to classic cytokine storm. We revisit this using RNA sequencing of nasopharyngeal and 40 autopsy samples from patients dying of SARS-CoV-2. Subsets of the 100 top-upregulated genes in nasal swabs are…
View article: A single-dose intranasal live-attenuated codon deoptimized vaccine provides broad protection against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants
A single-dose intranasal live-attenuated codon deoptimized vaccine provides broad protection against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants Open
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) continues its significant health and economic impact globally. Despite the success of spike-protein vaccines in preventing severe disease, long-lasting protection again…
View article: Adjuvant-dependent impact of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines during heterologous infection by a SARS-related coronavirus
Adjuvant-dependent impact of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines during heterologous infection by a SARS-related coronavirus Open
Whole virus-based inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide have been critical to the COVID-19 pandemic response. Although these vaccines are protective against homologous coronavirus infection, the emergence of no…
View article: A Multitrait Locus Regulates Sarbecovirus Pathogenesis
A Multitrait Locus Regulates Sarbecovirus Pathogenesis Open
Infectious diseases have shaped the human population genetic structure, and genetic variation influences the susceptibility to many viral diseases. However, a variety of challenges have made the implementation of traditional human Genomewi…
View article: Host Genetic Variation Impacts SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Response in the Diversity Outbred Mouse Population
Host Genetic Variation Impacts SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Response in the Diversity Outbred Mouse Population Open
The COVID-19 pandemic led to the rapid and worldwide development of highly effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. However, there is significant individual-to-individual variation in vaccine efficacy due to factors including viral variants,…
View article: Host Genetic Variation Impacts SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Response in the Diversity Outbred Mouse Population
Host Genetic Variation Impacts SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Response in the Diversity Outbred Mouse Population Open
The COVID-19 pandemic led to the rapid and worldwide development of highly effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. However, there is significant individual-to-individual variation in vaccine efficacy due to factors including viral variants,…
View article: Adjuvant-dependent effects on the safety and efficacy of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines during heterologous infection by a SARS-related coronavirus
Adjuvant-dependent effects on the safety and efficacy of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines during heterologous infection by a SARS-related coronavirus Open
Inactivated whole virus SARS-CoV-2 vaccines adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide (Alum) are among the most widely used COVID-19 vaccines globally and have been critical to the COVID-19 pandemic response. Although these vaccines are protectiv…
View article: Lethal COVID-19 Associates With RAAS-Induced Inflammation For Multiple Organ Damage Including Mediastinal Lymph Nodes
Lethal COVID-19 Associates With RAAS-Induced Inflammation For Multiple Organ Damage Including Mediastinal Lymph Nodes Open
Lethal COVID-19 outcomes are most often attributed to classic cytokine storm and attendant excessive immune signaling. We re-visit this question using RNA sequencing in nasopharyngeal and 40 autopsy samples from COVID-19-positive and negat…
View article: Interferon regulatory factor 7 modulates virus clearance and immune responses to alphavirus encephalomyelitis
Interferon regulatory factor 7 modulates virus clearance and immune responses to alphavirus encephalomyelitis Open
Central nervous system (CNS) infection with Sindbis virus (SINV), the prototypic alphavirus, results in encephalomyelitis in a well-established mouse model that is used to characterize immune factors important in controlling viral infectio…
View article: Pharmacokinetic Considerations for Optimizing Inhaled Spray-Dried Pyrazinoic Acid Formulations
Pharmacokinetic Considerations for Optimizing Inhaled Spray-Dried Pyrazinoic Acid Formulations Open
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains a leading cause of death with 1.6 million deaths worldwide reported in 2021. Oral pyrazinamide (PZA) is an integral part of anti-TB regimens, but its prolonged use has …
View article: Core mitochondrial genes are down-regulated during SARS-CoV-2 infection of rodent and human hosts
Core mitochondrial genes are down-regulated during SARS-CoV-2 infection of rodent and human hosts Open
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral proteins bind to host mitochondrial proteins, likely inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and stimulating glycolysis. We analyzed mitochondrial gene expression in …
View article: Effect of Viral Strain and Host Age on Clinical Disease and Viral Replication in Immunocompetent Mouse Models of Chikungunya Encephalomyelitis
Effect of Viral Strain and Host Age on Clinical Disease and Viral Replication in Immunocompetent Mouse Models of Chikungunya Encephalomyelitis Open
The alphavirus chikungunya virus (CHIKV) represents a reemerging public health threat as mosquito vectors spread and viruses acquire advantageous mutations. Although primarily arthritogenic in nature, CHIKV can produce neurological disease…
View article: Prior infection exposure alters the immune response at homeostasis and following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and experimental infection in laboratory mice
Prior infection exposure alters the immune response at homeostasis and following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and experimental infection in laboratory mice Open
Variable translatability represents a major criticism of the use of mouse models for preclinical research. Lack of exposure to most endogenous murine pathogens results in natural immune responses of specific pathogen free (SPF) lab mice to…
View article: Effect of Viral Strain and Host Age on Clinical Disease and Viral Replication in Immunocompetent Mouse Models of Chikungunya Encephalomyelitis
Effect of Viral Strain and Host Age on Clinical Disease and Viral Replication in Immunocompetent Mouse Models of Chikungunya Encephalomyelitis Open
The alphavirus chikungunya virus (CHIKV) represents a reemerging public health threat as mosquito vectors spread and viruses acquire advantageous mutations. Although primarily arthritogenic in nature, CHIKV can produce neurological disease…
View article: Pharmacokinetic considerations for optimizing inhaled spray-dried pyrazinoic acid formulations
Pharmacokinetic considerations for optimizing inhaled spray-dried pyrazinoic acid formulations Open
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ), remains a leading cause of death with 1.6 million deaths worldwide reported in 2021. Oral pyrazinamide (PZA) is an integral part of anti-TB regimens, but its prolonged use ha…
View article: Human ACE2 expression, a major tropism determinant for SARS-CoV-2, is regulated by upstream and intragenic elements
Human ACE2 expression, a major tropism determinant for SARS-CoV-2, is regulated by upstream and intragenic elements Open
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), part of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), serves as an entry point for SARS-CoV-2, leading to viral proliferation in permissive cell types. Using mouse lines in which the Ace2 locus has been humani…
View article: Human ACE2 expression, a major tropism determinant for SARS-CoV-2, is regulated by upstream and intragenic elements
Human ACE2 expression, a major tropism determinant for SARS-CoV-2, is regulated by upstream and intragenic elements Open
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), part of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), serves as an entry point for SARS-CoV-2, leading to viral proliferation in permissive cell types. Using mouse lines in which the Ace2 locus has been humani…
View article: Preclinical coronavirus studies and pathology: Challenges of the high-containment laboratory
Preclinical coronavirus studies and pathology: Challenges of the high-containment laboratory Open
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the critical role that animal models play in elucidating the pathogenesis of emerging diseases and rapidly analyzing potential medical countermeasures. Relevant pathologic outcomes are paramount in eva…
View article: Fc mediated pan-sarbecovirus protection after alphavirus vector vaccination
Fc mediated pan-sarbecovirus protection after alphavirus vector vaccination Open
Two group 2B β-coronaviruses (sarbecoviruses) have caused regional and global epidemics in modern history. The mechanisms of cross protection driven by the sarbecovirus spike, a dominant immunogen, are less clear yet critically important f…
View article: Animal Models for the Study of SARS-CoV-2–Induced Respiratory Disease and Pathology
Animal Models for the Study of SARS-CoV-2–Induced Respiratory Disease and Pathology Open
Emergence of the betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in a historic pandemic, with millions of deaths worldwide. An unprecedented effort has been made by the medical, scientific, and public health communities to rapidly develop and impl…
View article: A Multitrait Locus Regulates Sarbecovirus Pathogenesis
A Multitrait Locus Regulates Sarbecovirus Pathogenesis Open
Host genetic variation is an important determinant that predicts disease outcomes following infection. In the setting of highly pathogenic coronavirus infections genetic determinants underlying host susceptibility and mortality remain uncl…