Explanipedia

Vertical Mixing Can Both Induce and Inhibit Submesoscale Frontogenesis Open

Daniel P. Dauhajre, Kaushik Srinivasan, M. Jeroen Molemaker, Jonathan Gula, Delphine Hypolite , et al. · 2025

Past studies separately demonstrate that vertical boundary layer turbulence can either sharpen or weaken submesoscale fronts in the surface mixed layer. These studies invoke competing interpretations that separately focus on the impact of …

Scattering of surface waves by ocean currents: the U2H map Open

Han Wang, Ana B. Villas Bôas, Jacques Vanneste, W. R. Young · 2025

Ocean turbulence at meso- and submesocales affects the propagation of surface waves through refraction and scattering, inducing spatial modulations in significant wave height (SWH). We develop a theoretical framework that relates these mod…

Vertical Mixing Can Both Induce and Inhibit Submesoscale Frontogenesis Open

Daniel P. Dauhajre, Kaushik Srinivasan, M. Jeroen Molemaker, Jonathan Gula, Delphine Hypolite , et al. · 2024

Past studies separately demonstrate that vertical boundary layer turbulence can either sharpen or weaken submesoscale fronts in the surface mixed layer. These studies invoke competing interpretations that separately focus on the impact of …

Local intraspecific aggregation in phytoplankton model communities: spatial scales of occurrence and implications for coexistence Open

Coralie Picoche, W. R. Young, Frédéric Barraquand · 2024

Why Near-Inertial Waves Are Less Affected by Vorticity in the Northeast Pacific Than in the North Atlantic Open

Leif N. Thomas, Samuel M. Kelly, Thilo Klenz, W. R. Young, Luc Rainville , et al. · 2024

Over 35 years ago, the influential Ocean Storms Experiment (OSE) in the Northeast Pacific documented, for the first time, the generation of near-inertial waves (NIWs) by a storm and the subsequent radiation of the waves away from the forci…

Scattering of swell by currents Open

Han Wang, Ana B. Villas Bôas, W. R. Young, Jacques Vanneste · 2023

The refraction of surface gravity waves by currents leads to spatial modulations in the wave field and, in particular, in the significant wave height. We examine this phenomenon in the case of waves scattered by a localised current feature…

Two-dimensional turbulence above topography: Vortices and potential vorticity homogenization Open

Lia Siegelman, W. R. Young · 2023

The evolution of unforced and weakly damped two-dimensional turbulence over random rough topography presents two extreme states. If the initial kinetic energy is sufficiently high, then the topography is a weak perturbation, and evolutio…

Time Series Analysis and Modeling of the Freezing of Gait Phenomenon Open

Wang Ai, Jan Sieber, W. R. Young, Krasimira Tsaneva‐Atanasova · 2023

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics via the DOI in this record

Nusselt number scaling in horizontal convection Open

Navid C. Constantinou, César B. Rocha, Stefan G. Llewellyn Smith, W. R. Young · 2023

We report a numerical study of horizontal convection (HC) at Prandtl number $Pr = 1$, with both no-slip and free-slip boundary conditions. We obtain 2D and 3D solutions and determine the relation between the Rayleigh number $Ra$ and the Nu…

Vividness and Use of Imagery Related to Music and Movement in People with Parkinson's: A Mixed-methods Survey Study Open

Ellen Poliakoff, Judith Bek, Michelle Phillips, W. R. Young, Dawn Rose · 2023

Parkinson's disease affects multiple aspects of movement, impacting significantly on everyday tasks. Music is used in interventions for people with Parkinson's, either to pace movements, or as an integral element of activities such as danc…

Music Moves Me in More Ways Than One: An Online Survey Investigating the Everyday Use of Music among People with Parkinson's Open

Dawn Rose, Ellen Poliakoff, W. R. Young, Michelle Phillips · 2023

Background Music has been used in interventions designed for people with Parkinson's (PwP) either to engage mechanisms involved in phenomena such as sensorimotor synchronization or as an integral part of the activity (e.g., dance). However…

Vorticity and divergence at scales down to 200 km within and around the polar cyclones of Jupiter Open

Andrew P. Ingersoll, S. P. Ewald, F. Tosi, A. Adriani, A. Mura , et al. · 2022

Levelling the Playing Field: The Role of Workshops to Explore How People With Parkinson's Use Music for Mood and Movement Management as Part of a Patient and Public Involvement Strategy Open

Dawn Rose, Ellen Poliakoff, Rebecca Hadley, Ségolène M. R. Guérin, Michelle Phillips , et al. · 2022

From a humanistic perspective, participatory processes in research find support on both ethical and moral grounds. In practical terms however, it is often difficult to establish protocols that best honour (i.e., elicit, capture, and integr…

Stokes drift and its discontents Open

Jacques Vanneste, W. R. Young · 2022

The Stokes velocity , defined approximately by Stokes (1847, Trans. Camb. Philos. Soc. , 8 , 441–455.), and exactly via the Generalized Lagrangian Mean, is divergent even in an incompressible fluid. We show that the Stokes velocit…

Polar vortex crystals: Emergence and structure Open

Lia Siegelman, W. R. Young, Andrew P. Ingersoll · 2022

Vortex crystals are quasiregular arrays of like-signed vortices in solid-body rotation embedded within a uniform background of weaker vorticity. Vortex crystals are observed at the poles of Jupiter and in laboratory experiments with magnet…

Time series analysis and modelling of the freezing of gait phenomenon Open

Wang Ai, Jan Sieber, W. R. Young, Krasimira Tsaneva‐Atanasova · 2022

Freezing of Gait (FOG) is one of the most debilitating symptoms of Parkinson's Disease and is associated with falls and loss of independence. The patho-physiological mechanisms underpinning FOG are currently poorly understood. In this pape…

Moist convection drives an upscale energy transfer at Jovian high latitudes Open

Lia Siegelman, Patrice Klein, Andrew P. Ingersoll, S. P. Ewald, W. R. Young , et al. · 2022

Jupiter’s atmosphere is one of the most turbulent places in the solar system. Whereas observations of lightning and thunderstorms point to moist convection as a small-scale energy source for Jupiter’s large-scale vortices and zonal jets, t…

Inertia-gravity waves and geostrophic turbulence Open

W. R. Young · 2021

Polygonal patterns of cyclones on Jupiter: Convective forcing and anticyclonic shielding Open

Andrew P. Ingersoll, S. P. Ewald, F. Tosi, A. Adriani, A. Mura , et al. · 2021

From its unique pole-to-pole orbit, the Juno spacecraft discovered cyclones arranged in polygonal patterns around the poles of Jupiter. In a related modeling study the stability of the pattern depends on shielding -- a ring of anticyclonic…

Moist convection drives an upscale energy transfer at Jovian high latitudes Open

Lia Siegelman, Patrice Klein, Andrew P. Ingersoll, S. P. Ewald, W. R. Young , et al. · 2021

Jupiter’s atmosphere is one of the most turbulent places in the solar system. While lightning and thunderstorm observations point to moist convection as a small-scale energy source for Jupiter’s large-scale vortices and zonal jets, it has …

Wave-averaged balance: a simple example Open

Hossein A. Kafiabad, Jacques Vanneste, W. R. Young · 2021

In the presence of inertia-gravity waves, the geostrophic and hydrostatic balance that characterises the slow dynamics of rapidly rotating, strongly stratified flows holds in a time-averaged sense and applies to the Lagrangian-mean velocit…

Direct Observations of Near‐Inertial Wave <i>ζ</i>‐Refraction in a Dipole Vortex Open

Leif N. Thomas, Luc Rainville, Olivier Asselin, W. R. Young, James B. Girton , et al. · 2020

Generated at large horizontal scales by winds, near‐inertial waves (NIWs) are inefficient at radiating energy without a shift to smaller wavelengths. The lateral scales of NIWs can be reduced by gradients in the Coriolis parameter ( β ‐ref…

Wave-averaged geostrophic balance Open

Hossein A. Kafiabad, Jacques Vanneste, W. R. Young · 2020

In the presence of inertia-gravity waves, the geostrophic and hydrostatic balance that characterises the slow dynamics of rapidly rotating, strongly stratified flows holds in a time-averaged sense and applies to the Lagrangian-mean velocit…

Directional diffusion of surface gravity wave action by ocean macroturbulence Open

Ana B. Villas Bôas, W. R. Young · 2020

Improved bounds on horizontal convection Open

César B. Rocha, Thomas Bossy, Stefan G. Llewellyn Smith, W. R. Young · 2019

Pre-analysis plan for survey experiment on citizen reactions to judicial rulings Open

W. R. Young · 2019

Pre-analysis plan for a survey experiment testing the reactions of ordinary citizens to a series of rulings by their countries' Constitutional Courts.

Optimal Heat Transfer and Optimal Exit Times Open

Florence Marcotte, Charles R. Doering, Jean‐Luc Thiffeault, W. R. Young · 2018

A heat exchanger can be modeled as a closed domain containing an\nincompressible fluid. The moving fluid has a temperature distribution obeying\nthe advection-diffusion equation, with zero temperature boundary conditions at\nthe walls. Sta…

Interactions between surface gravity wave groups and deep stratification in the ocean Open

Sean Haney, W. R. Young · 2016

On Galerkin Approximations of the Surface Active Quasigeostrophic Equations Open

César B. Rocha, W. R. Young, Ian Grooms · 2015

This study investigates the representation of solutions of the three-dimensional quasigeostrophic (QG) equations using Galerkin series with standard vertical modes, with particular attention to the incorporation of active surface buoyancy …

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