Walter Schmidt
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Plasma Volume Shifts and Acid–Base Balance After a Single Bout of Resistance Training Open
Purpose Changes in plasma volume (PV), acid–base status and ventilation have rarely been investigated in relation to resistance training (RT). This study aimed to investigate the effect of a single set of exhaustive leg press exercise on t…
Impact of a single blood donation on hemoglobin mass, iron stores, and maximum oxygen uptake in pre‐menopausal women—A pilot study Open
Background During whole blood donation (BD), 500 mL of blood is drawn. The time interval between two BDs is at least 8–12 weeks. This period might be insufficient for restoring hemoglobin mass (Hbmass) and iron especially in women, who gen…
Clinical importance of distinguishing true anemia from dilutional pseudo‐anemia: Consequences of a 3‐year follow‐up volume assessment in a heart failure patient Open
Key Clinical Message In chronic heart failure, dilutional anemia and hypervolemia may occur due to plasma volume expansion, the latter sometimes exacerbated by an increase in red cell volume. Diagnosis and a therapeutic strategy require de…
Stability of carboxy‐hemoglobin during storage at different temperatures Open
Accurate determination of carboxy‐hemoglobin (COHb%) is essential for the assessment of hemoglobin mass (Hbmass) by CO‐rebreathing. To analyze blood samples for a certain period of time after blood collection, it is necessary to know the s…
The effect of posture and exercise on blood CO kinetics during the optimized carbon monoxide rebreathing procedure Open
An indispensable precondition for the determination of hemoglobin mass (Hbmass) and blood volume by CO rebreathing is complete mixing of CO in the blood. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the kinetics of CO in capillary and venous b…
Relationship between Blood Volume, Blood Lactate Quantity, and Lactate Concentrations during Exercise Open
We wanted to determine the influence of total blood volume (BV) and blood lactate quantity on lactate concentrations during incremental exercise. Twenty-six healthy, nonsmoking, heterogeneously trained females (27.5 ± 5.9 ys) performed an …
Cardiac stroke volume in females and its correlation to blood volume and cardiac dimensions Open
We aimed to continuously determine the stroke volume (SV) and blood volume (BV) during incremental exercise to evaluate the individual SV course and to correlate both variables across different exercise intensities. Twenty-six females with…
Hemoglobin Mass, Blood Volume and VO2max of Trained and Untrained Children and Adolescents Living at Different Altitudes Open
Introduction: To a considerable extent, the magnitude of blood volume (BV) and hemoglobin mass (Hbmass) contribute to the maximum O 2 -uptake (VO 2 max), especially in endurance-trained athletes. However, the development of Hbmass and BV a…
Hemoglobin Mass and Blood Volume in Patients With Altitude-Related Polycythemia Open
Patients with chronic mountain sickness (CMS) have a high hemoglobin concentration [Hb] due to increased hemoglobin mass (Hbmass) and possibly reduced plasma volume (PV). The values of Hbmass, PV and blood volume (BV) have been described d…
Hypoxic training in natural and artificial altitude Open
Many endurance athletes aim to increase endurance performance at or near sea-level by hypoxic training, which can be realized in natural or artificial altitude via three main concepts: living and training in hypoxia, living in hypoxia and …
Acute Effects of Esports on the Cardiovascular System and Energy Expenditure in Amateur Esports Players Open
Introduction Esports is practiced by millions of people worldwide every day. On a professional level, esports has been proven to have a high stress potential and is sometimes considered equivalent to traditional sporting activities. While …
The Impact of a High-Carbohydrate/Low Fat vs. Low-Carbohydrate Diet on Performance and Body Composition in Physically Active Adults: A Cross-Over Controlled Trial Open
Background: Recently, high-carbohydrate or low-carbohydrate (HC/LC) diets have gained substantial popularity, speculated to improve physical performance in athletes; however, the effects of short-term changes of the aforementioned nutritio…
Report On Complete Endpoints and Predictors of Response to Plasma Exchange – Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial in Septic Shock Patients Open
Background: Recently, a randomized controlled trial (RCT) demonstrated rapid but individually variable hemodynamic improvement with therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) in patients with septic shock. Prediction of clinical efficacy in specifi…
Effect of Exercise-Induced Reductions in Blood Volume on Cardiac Output and Oxygen Transport Capacity Open
We wanted to demonstrate the relationship between blood volume, cardiac size, cardiac output and maximum oxygen uptake ( O 2max ) and to quantify blood volume shifts during exercise and their impact on oxygen transport. Twenty-four healthy…
View article: Quantification of testosterone‐dependent erythropoiesis during male puberty
Quantification of testosterone‐dependent erythropoiesis during male puberty Open
New Findings What is the central question of this study? To what extent does testosterone influence haemoglobin formation during male puberty? What is the main finding and its importance? In boys, testosterone might be responsible for abou…
View article: Energy expenditure during eSports – a case report
Energy expenditure during eSports – a case report Open
Problem: The popularity of eSports has grown in recent years, although its characterization as a sport is controversial and there arise concerns about its health-promoting character. The aim of this case study was to show the effects of eS…
A carbon monoxide ‘single breath’ method to measure total haemoglobin mass: a feasibility study Open
New Findings What is the central question of this study? Is it possible to modify the CO‐rebreathing method to acquire reliable measurements of haemoglobin mass in ventilated patients? What is the main finding and its importance? A ‘single…
Role of haemoglobin oxygen affinity for oxygen uptake during exercise Open
The paper by Dominelli et al. (2020) is a very interesting publication and we follow Jerome Dempsey's suggestion (Dempsey, 2020) to discuss it. The role of haemoglobin oxygen affinity for oxygen uptake during exercise in normoxia and hypox…
Application of the optimized carbon monoxide rebreathing method for the measurement of total haemoglobin mass in chronic liver disease Open
The oCOR method can be safely used to measure tHb-mass in patients with chronic liver disease and ascites, without adjustment of blood sample timings. Further work might refine and validate appropriate dosing regimens.
Modification of the CO‐rebreathing method to determine haemoglobin mass and blood volume in patients suffering from chronic mountain sickness Open
New Findings What is the central question of this study? Is it necessary to modify the CO‐rebreathing method to acquire reliable measurements of haemoglobin mass in patients with chronic mountain sickness? What is the main finding and its …
Effects of 3 Weeks of Oral Low-Dose Cobalt on Hemoglobin Mass and Aerobic Performance Open
Introduction: Cobalt ions (Co2+) stabilize HIFα and increase endogenous erythropoietin (EPO) production creating the possibility that Co2+ supplements (CoSupp) may be used as performance enhancing substances. The aim of this study was to d…
Replicating measurements of total hemoglobin mass (tHb-mass) within a single day: precision of measurement; feasibility and safety of using oxygen to expedite carbon monoxide clearance Open
Hemoglobin concentration ([Hb]) is a function of total hemoglobin mass (tHb-mass) and plasma volume. [Hb] may fall by dilution due to plasma volume expansion and changes in the perioperative period may therefore correlate poorly with blood…
View article: Influence of Endurance Training During Childhood on Total Hemoglobin Mass
Influence of Endurance Training During Childhood on Total Hemoglobin Mass Open
Elite endurance athletes are characterized by markedly increased hemoglobin mass (Hbmass). It has been hypothesized that this adaptation may occur as a response to training at a very young age. Therefore, the aim of this study was to monit…
Hemoglobin concentration, total hemoglobin mass and plasma volume in patients: implications for anemia Open
In practice, clinicians generally consider anemia (circulating hemoglobin concentration -1 in non-pregnant females and -1 in males) as due to impaired hemoglobin synthesis or increased erythrocyte loss or destruction. Rarely is a rise in p…
Haemoglobin mass alterations in healthy humans following four‐day head‐down tilt bed rest Open
New Findings What is the central question of this study? Is haemoglobin mass (Hbmass) decreased following 4 days of head‐down tilt bed rest (HDTBR), and does increased red blood cell (RBC) destruction mediate this adaptation? What is the m…