Warren Malambo
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View article: Parametric survival analysis of long COVID among hospitalized patients in Zambia: A retrospective cohort study on the time to symptoms resolving
Parametric survival analysis of long COVID among hospitalized patients in Zambia: A retrospective cohort study on the time to symptoms resolving Open
Long COVID refers to the continuation or emergence of new symptoms within three months after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, lasting for at least two months. Although several studies have described COVID-19 sequelae, gaps remain in understandi…
View article: Geospatial Analysis of Cholera Cases in Lusaka District, Zambia: October 2023 - March 2024
Geospatial Analysis of Cholera Cases in Lusaka District, Zambia: October 2023 - March 2024 Open
Introduction Cholera outbreaks have plagued Zambia for decades, with Lusaka city, the capital, being particularly vulnerable. Despite numerous outbreaks, understanding of the geospatial distribution and environmental factors driving choler…
View article: Modelling in-hospital survival and associated factors among hospitalised patients with COVID-19, Zambia, March 2020 to December 2022: A retrospective cohort study
Modelling in-hospital survival and associated factors among hospitalised patients with COVID-19, Zambia, March 2020 to December 2022: A retrospective cohort study Open
Introduction Numerous studies document the in-hospital survival time of COVID-19 patients, commonly reporting older, male gender, comorbidities, and compromised immune function. Yet few examined the variability of baseline mortality hazard…
View article: Parametric Survival Analysis of Long COVID Among Hospitalized Patients in Zambia: A Retrospective Cohort Study on the Time to Symptoms Resolving
Parametric Survival Analysis of Long COVID Among Hospitalized Patients in Zambia: A Retrospective Cohort Study on the Time to Symptoms Resolving Open
Background Long COVID refers to the continuation or development of new symptoms within three months after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, with these symptoms lasting for at least 2 months. Despite studies on COVID-19 sequelae, gaps remain in u…
View article: Geographic factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 prevalence during the first wave − 6 districts in Zambia, July 2020
Geographic factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 prevalence during the first wave − 6 districts in Zambia, July 2020 Open
SARS-CoV-2 prevalence was higher in wealthier, urban EAs, with poor access to WASH. As this study was conducted early in the first wave could have impacted our findings. Additional analyses from subsequent waves could confirm if these find…
View article: An assessment of excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic, a retrospective post-mortem surveillance in 12 districts – Zambia, 2020–2022
An assessment of excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic, a retrospective post-mortem surveillance in 12 districts – Zambia, 2020–2022 Open
There was excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in Zambia, with more deaths occurring within the community during wave periods. This analysis suggests more COVID-19 deaths likely occurred in Zambia than suggested by officially repo…
View article: Clinical characteristics and factors associated with long COVID among post-acute COVID-19 clinic patients in Zambia, August 2020 to January 2023: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study design
Clinical characteristics and factors associated with long COVID among post-acute COVID-19 clinic patients in Zambia, August 2020 to January 2023: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study design Open
Introduction A number of seroprevalence studies in Zambia document the extent of spread of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, yet knowledge gaps still exist on symptoms and conditions that continue or develop after acute COVID-19 (long COVID). Th…
View article: An assessment of excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic, a retrospective post-mortem surveillance in 12 districts – Zambia, 2020-2022
An assessment of excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic, a retrospective post-mortem surveillance in 12 districts – Zambia, 2020-2022 Open
Background The number of COVID-19 deaths reported in Zambia (N=4,069) is most likely an underestimate due to limited testing, incomplete death registration and inability to account for indirect deaths due to socioeconomic disruption during…
View article: Clinical Characteristics and Factors Associated with Long COVID in Zambia, August 2020 to January 2023: A Mixed Methods Design
Clinical Characteristics and Factors Associated with Long COVID in Zambia, August 2020 to January 2023: A Mixed Methods Design Open
Introduction A number of seroprevalence studies in Zambia document the extent of spread of SARS-CoV-2, yet few have examined signs, symptoms and conditions that continue or develop after acute COVID-19 infection (long COVID). This is an im…
View article: Test negative case–control study of COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness for symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers: Zambia, 2021–2022
Test negative case–control study of COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness for symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers: Zambia, 2021–2022 Open
Objectives The study aim was to evaluate vaccine effectiveness (VE) of COVID-19 vaccines in preventing symptomatic COVID-19 among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Zambia. We sought to answer the question, ‘What is the vaccine effectiveness of …
View article: Factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 among persons living with HIV in Zambia: Analysis of three concurrent SARS-CoV-2 prevalence surveys conducted in July 2020 in six districts of Zambia
Factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 among persons living with HIV in Zambia: Analysis of three concurrent SARS-CoV-2 prevalence surveys conducted in July 2020 in six districts of Zambia Open
People living with HIV (PLHIV) are a unique population because of their altered immune systems and taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) that may modify risk of SARS-CoV-2. Evidence from sub-Saharan African countries suggests that, despite n…
View article: Geospatial analysis of sociodemographic factors associated with the first wave of SARS- CoV-2, 6 districts, Zambia, July 2020
Geospatial analysis of sociodemographic factors associated with the first wave of SARS- CoV-2, 6 districts, Zambia, July 2020 Open
Background The geospatialdistribution of sociodemographic factors can provide a spatial context for understanding the sociodemographic effects of infectious disease transmission, including SARS-CoV-2, a virus that is spread through respira…
View article: COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness during a Prison Outbreak when Omicron was the Dominant Circulating Variant—Zambia, December 2021
COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness during a Prison Outbreak when Omicron was the Dominant Circulating Variant—Zambia, December 2021 Open
During a COVID-19 outbreak in a prison in Zambia from December 14 to 19, 2021, a case–control study was done to measure vaccine effectiveness (VE) against infection and symptomatic infection, when the Omicron variant was the dominant circu…
View article: Two-month follow-up of persons with SARS-CoV-2 Infection-Zambia, September 2020: a cohort study
Two-month follow-up of persons with SARS-CoV-2 Infection-Zambia, September 2020: a cohort study Open
a notable percentage of persons with SARS-CoV-2 infection in July still had symptoms nearly two months after their diagnosis. Zambia is implementing ´post-acute COVID-19 clinics´ to care for patients with prolonged symptoms of COVID-19, to…
View article: SARS-CoV-2 Mortality Surveillance among Community Deaths brought to University Teaching Hospital Mortuary in Lusaka, Zambia, 2020
SARS-CoV-2 Mortality Surveillance among Community Deaths brought to University Teaching Hospital Mortuary in Lusaka, Zambia, 2020 Open
Introduction During March-December 2020, Zambia recorded 20,725 confirmed COVID-19 cases, with the first wave peaking between July and August. Of the 388 COVID-19-related deaths occurring nationwide, most occurred in the community. We repo…
View article: Two-Month Follow-up of Persons with SARS-CoV-2 Infection—Zambia, September 2020
Two-Month Follow-up of Persons with SARS-CoV-2 Infection—Zambia, September 2020 Open
Background COVID-19 is often characterized by an acute upper respiratory tract infection. However, information on longer-term clinical sequelae following acute COVID-19 is emerging. We followed a group of persons with COVID-19 in Zambia at…
View article: First 100 Persons with COVID-19 — Zambia, March 18–April 28, 2020
First 100 Persons with COVID-19 — Zambia, March 18–April 28, 2020 Open
Zambia is a landlocked, lower-middle income country in southern Africa, with a population of 17 million (1). The first known cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Zambia occurred in a married couple who had traveled to France and…
View article: Household illness and associated water and sanitation factors in peri-urban Lusaka, Zambia, 2016–2017
Household illness and associated water and sanitation factors in peri-urban Lusaka, Zambia, 2016–2017 Open
In Zambia limited access to adequate water and sanitation is a key developmental challenge, particularly for rapidly expanding peri-urban areas. During 2016–2017, a cross-sectional household survey was conducted among 12,500 households rep…
View article: Risk Factors for Epidemic Cholera in Lusaka, Zambia—2017
Risk Factors for Epidemic Cholera in Lusaka, Zambia—2017 Open
On October 6, 2017, the Zambia Ministry of Health declared a cholera outbreak in Lusaka. By December, 1,462 cases and 38 deaths had occurred (case fatality rate, 2.6%). We conducted a case-control study to identify risk factors and inform …
View article: Zambia field epidemiology training program: strengthening health security through workforce development
Zambia field epidemiology training program: strengthening health security through workforce development Open
The Zambia Field Epidemiology Training Program (ZFETP) was established by the Ministry of Health (MoH) during 2014, in order to increase the number of trained field epidemiologists who can investigate outbreaks, strengthen disease surveill…
View article: Cholera Epidemic — Lusaka, Zambia, October 2017–May 2018
Cholera Epidemic — Lusaka, Zambia, October 2017–May 2018 Open
On October 6, 2017, an outbreak of cholera was declared in Zambia after laboratory confirmation of Vibrio cholerae O1, biotype El Tor, serotype Ogawa, from stool specimens from two patients with acute watery diarrhea. The two patients had …