Explanipedia

A survey of snow growth signatures from tropics to Antarctica using triple-frequency radar observations Open

Qinghui Li, Haoran Li, Xuejin Sun, Yun Zhang, Weitao Lyu , et al. · 2025

Snow formation is a complex interplay of multiple microphysical growth processes, and the prevailing snow characteristics are inherently linked to local climate. However, the persistent shortage of observations for characterizing snow micr…

Measurements of Unusual Precursors During the Very Initial Stage of Rocket‐Triggered Lightning Open

Yanfeng Fan, Yang Zhang, Weitao Lyu, Gaopeng Lu, Fanchao Lyu · 2025

Eleven unusual precursors were observed in the initial stage of a classical triggered lightning event, which was performed on CMA‐FEBLS in the summer of 2024. The amplitudes of these unusual leaders exceeded 300 A, with pulse intervals fro…

Hard, Bright X‐Ray Bursts in Natural Lightning: Blurring the Boundary Between X‐Ray Bursts and TGFs Open

Xiong Zhang, Yuan Wang, Peng Li, Weitao Lyu, Rubin Jiang , et al. · 2025

In this study, we analyzed a rare hard, bright X‐ray burst associated with intense natural lightning. Through spectral analysis and source model fitting, we demonstrate that the energy spectrum of the X‐ray source region exhibits significa…

The interfacial energy transfer characteristics of continuous current and return stroke current in artificially triggered lightning experiments Open

Peifeng Wang, Gang Liu, Jun‐Hong Liang, Lyuwen Chen, Xu Yan , et al. · 2025

A Case Study on the Vertical Distribution and Correlation Between Low-Frequency Lightning Sources and Hydrometeors During a Thunderstorm Open

Sulin Jiang, Fanchao Lyu, Steven A. Cummer, Tianxue Zheng, Mingjun Wang , et al. · 2025

Understanding the interplay between lightning activity and hydrometeor distribution is crucial for advancing knowledge of thunderstorm electrification processes. Using three-dimensional lightning mapping and dual-polarization radar observa…

Chitooligosaccharides Improves Severe Acute Pancreatitis by Reducing Intestinal Mucosal Injury and Regulating Intestinal Microbiota Open

Fanjun Meng, Guangchen Sun, Yan Zhao, Yun Luo, Yaowei Bai , et al. · 2025

Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), a widespread inflammatory condition impacting the abdomen with persistent organ dysfunction (> 48 h) and a high mortality rate, poses challenges due to its unclear pathogenesis and the absence of effective …

Efficient Whole Slide Pathology VQA via Token Compression Open

Weitao Lyu, Qiang Hu, Kaijie Qi, Zhan Shi, Wentao Huang , et al. · 2025

Whole-slide images (WSIs) in pathology can reach up to 10,000 x 10,000 pixels, posing significant challenges for multimodal large language model (MLLM) due to long context length and high computational demands. Previous methods typically f…

Ursolic and oleanolic acids suppress MNNG induced malignant transformation of human gastric mucosal epithelium by regulating the PI3 K/AKT pathway Open

Mingkun Liu, Jinsheng Dong, Li Ping Wang, Yilin Li, Qingjuan Wu , et al. · 2025

Berberine hydrochloride (Ber) is the primary active compound in the traditional Chinese medicine 'Huanglian'. Ursolic acid (UA) and oleanolic acid (OA) are the main triterpenoids extracted from 'Tengligen'. Notably, both Ber and UA/OA exhi…

Physics-augmented deep learning models for improving evapotranspiration estimation in global land regions Open

Binrui Liu, Xinguang He, Weitao Lyu, Lizhi Tao · 2025

High‐Speed Video Observation of Needles Formed During the Leader Stage in a Positive Cloud‐to‐Ground Flash Open

Bin Wu, Qi Qi, Weitao Lyu, Ying Ma, Fanchao Lyu , et al. · 2025

High‐speed video and electric field records of a positive cloud‐to‐ground (+CG) flash were used to examine six needles that were formed during the leader stage (a previously undocumented phenomenon in +CGs), each including the initial exte…

OPeRA: A Dataset of Observation, Persona, Rationale, and Action for Evaluating LLMs on Human Online Shopping Behavior Simulation Open

Ziyi Wang, Yu‐Jing Lu, Wenbo Li, Amir A. Amini, Bo Sun , et al. · 2025

Can large language models (LLMs) accurately simulate the next web action of a specific user? While LLMs have shown promising capabilities in generating ``believable'' human behaviors, evaluating their ability to mimic real user behaviors r…

Striking Distance Characteristics of Lightning Flashes Striking at and Below the Top of the Canton Tower Open

Qi Qi, Bin Wu, Fanchao Lyu, Ying Ma, Lyuwen Chen , et al. · 2025

A total of 19 lightning flashes observed by high‐speed video cameras were selected for analyzing the two‐dimensional striking distance (SD) before the first return stroke of downward negative cloud‐to‐ground lightning flashes striking at t…

Effects of M‐Components on Needle Activity in Positive Cloud‐To‐Ground Lightning Flashes Open

Bin Wu, Qi Qi, Weitao Lyu, Ying Ma, Fanchao Lyu , et al. · 2025

High‐speed video and electric field records of two positive cloud‐to‐ground (+CG) flashes were used to examine the effect of M‐components on needle activity after the return stroke onset. We observed enhancements of needle activity that we…

Numerical Simulation Study of the Evolution of Lightning Channel Decay and Reactivation Processes Open

Tianxue Zheng, Yongbo Tan, Fanchao Lyu, Weitao Lyu · 2025

Channel decay and reactivation are very common discharge phenomena, which have an important influence on the type, duration, and development of lightning discharges. However, how the electrical parameters in lightning channels change durin…

A Fast and Fine‐Resolution Location Method for Lightning Channels Based on Time Series Segmented Feature of Low Frequency Signal Open

Jingxuan Wang, Yang Zhang, Yanfeng Fan, Yijun Zhang, Dong Zheng , et al. · 2025

Most real‐time lightning location systems are based on feature matching to locate lightning, but they often lack the ability to locate lightning channels. To achieve lightning channel location based on feature matching, a new location algo…

Research on simulation extrapolation estimation method in large-scale torque measurement scene Open

J. Lyu, Peijun Wang, Weitao Lyu, Yuxin Sun, Shuhong Xu , et al. · 2024

Temperature-Related Bioclimatic Variables Play a Greater Role in the Spatial Distribution of Bumblebee Species in Northern Pakistan Open

Muhammad Naeem, A. Usha Rani, Weitao Lyu, Hongyun Zhao, Maryam Riasat , et al. · 2024

Bumblebee species are vital wild pollinators, providing essential pollination services for various crops, fruits, and vegetables. However, their biodiversity is vulnerable to decline due to climate change, particularly in regions like nort…

Study on the torsional vibration calibration machine with the eccentric shafts Open

Xianglong Ma, Wu Hao, Weitao Lyu, Jing Lin, Yuxin Sun , et al. · 2024

Does the Scenario of Connection Between the Positive Leader Tip and the Lateral Surface of the Negative Leader Exist? Open

Qi Qi, Bin Wu, Weitao Lyu, Fanchao Lyu, Ying Ma , et al. · 2024

Based on the high‐speed video observations obtained at the Tall‐Object Lightning Observatory in Guangzhou (TOLOG), the attachment processes of three lightning flashes seem to belong to the connections between “the lateral surface of negati…

Source Altitude of Energetic In‐Cloud Pulses Inside Thunderstorms and Implication for the Intrinsic Brightness of Terrestrial Gamma‐Ray Flashes Open

Fanchao Lyu, Zilong Qin, Steven A. Cummer, Yu Zheng, Sulin Jiang , et al. · 2024

Upward Terrestrial Gamma‐Ray Flashes (TGFs) are mainly produced during the upward propagating negative leaders inside thunderclouds. The exact source position of TGFs, which is crucial to understanding TGF source properties, is still uncle…

First Altitude‐Triggered Lightning Experiment Associated With an Elevated Wind Turbine Blade on the Ground Open

Jinliang He, Guohua Yang, Quanxin Li, Jianpei Zhang, Yang Zhang , et al. · 2024

Lightning is the severest threaten to safe operation of wind turbines. In this letter, the authors present the first altitude‐triggered lightning experiment involving an elevated 12 m‐long wind turbine blade placed on the ground. A total o…

Polarity transitions of narrow bipolar events in thundercloud tops reaching the lower stratosphere Open

Feifan Liu, Torsten Neubert, Olivier Chanrion, Gaopeng Lu, Ting Wu , et al. · 2024

Blue corona discharges are often generated in thunderclouds penetrating into the stratosphere and are the optical manifestation of narrow bipolar events (NBEs) observed in radio signals. While their production appears to depend on convecti…

Interactions and Multifrequency Radiation Characteristics of Bidirectional Leaders in Altitude‐Triggered Lightning Open

Yanfeng Fan, Yang Zhang, Weitao Lyu, Gaopeng Lu, Yashun Tian · 2024

Altitude‐triggered lightning provides favorable conditions for the research of bidirectional leader system. In the summer of 2023, altitude‐triggered lightning experiment was conducted on the Field Experiment Base on Lightning Sciences, Ch…

Evolution of the Leader Discharge in Bi‐Directional Propagation System in Altitude‐Triggered Lightning Open

Xiao Li, Peng Li, Baofeng Cao, Xiaoqiang Li, Gaopeng Lu , et al. · 2024

On 18 June 2023, comprehensive observations were conducted to an altitude‐triggered lightning flash. Upward positive leader (UPL) and downward negative leader (DNL) in a bi‐directional development system were detected simultaneously by a h…

Channel Development and Electric Parameter Characteristics of Regular Pulse Bursts in Lightning Open

Xiangpeng Fan, Yijun Zhang, P. R. Krehbiel, Dong Zheng, Wen Yao , et al. · 2024

Observations of a regular pulse burst (RPB) at the end of a K‐event are analyzed utilizing a simple geometric model and particle swarm optimization (PSO) to estimate the currents and propagation speeds of successive pulses of the RPB. The …

A Lightning Classification Method Based on Convolutional Encoding Features Open

Shunxing Zhu, Yang Zhang, Yanfeng Fan, Xiubin Sun, Dong Zheng , et al. · 2024

At present, for business lightning positioning systems, the classification of lightning discharge types is mostly based on lightning pulse signal features, and there is still a lot of room for improvement. We propose a lightning discharge …

Correlation between Frequency-Divided Magnetic Field and Channel-Base Current for Triggered Lightning Open

Yanfeng Fan, Yang Zhang, Weitao Lyu · 2024

Different discharge processes of triggered lightning can radiate the electromagnetic signals with different frequency bands. During the triggered lightning experiment conducted at the Field Experiment Base on Lightning Sciences of China Me…

The Attachment Process of Negative Connecting Leader to the Lateral Surface of Downward Positive Leader in a +CG Lightning Flash Open

Qi Qi, Bin Wu, Weitao Lyu, Ying Ma, Lyuwen Chen , et al. · 2024

In the lightning attachment process, the leader connecting behavior is an interesting topic. In the attachment process of a negative cloud-to-ground lightning flash, the “Tip to the lateral surface” connection type has been wid…

Optical observations of needles evolving into negative leaders in a positive cloud-to-ground lightning flash Open

Bin Wu, Qi Qi, Weitao Lyu, Ying Ma, Lyuwen Chen , et al. · 2024

High-speed video records of a single-stroke positive cloud-to-ground (+CG) flash were used to examine the evolution of eight needles developing more or less radially from the +CG channel. All these eight needles occurred during the later r…

Significant Location Accuracy Changes Resulting from Lightning Detection Networks Deployed on Inclined Terrains Open

Yun Pan, Dong Zheng, Yijun Zhang, Wen Yao, Yang Zhang , et al. · 2023

This study investigates the location accuracy distribution of the lightning detection networks (LDNs) deployed on inclined terrains, an aspect frequently encountered in complex terrains but hitherto disregarded in previous studies. By desi…

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