William Kong
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View article: Longitudinal Outcomes of Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction in Aortic Stenosis Versus Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy
Longitudinal Outcomes of Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction in Aortic Stenosis Versus Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy Open
Background and Objectives: Aortic stenosis (AS) and hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) are two disease entities that result in left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction. We sought to evaluate the longitudinal outcomes o…
View article: Infective endocarditis: it takes a team
Infective endocarditis: it takes a team Open
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a relatively rare but life-threatening systemic infection, which remains associated with high morbidity and mortality. The epidemiology of IE has shifted to involve an increasing numbers of older patients wit…
View article: Novel Circulating Biomarkers in Aortic Valve Stenosis
Novel Circulating Biomarkers in Aortic Valve Stenosis Open
The underlying pathophysiology of aortic stenosis and factors affecting its clinical progression remain poorly understood. Apart from B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), novel and emerging biomarkers have been described in association with a…
View article: The impact of enterprise digital transformation on employee health management: A study of physiological responses from biomechanics perspective
The impact of enterprise digital transformation on employee health management: A study of physiological responses from biomechanics perspective Open
This paper discusses the impact of enterprise digital transformation on employee health management from the perspective of biomechanics, especially the change law of employee physiological response and the underlying mechanism under the ne…
View article: Longitudinal Outcomes of Patients with Aortic Stenosis Stratified by Sex: An Asian Perspective
Longitudinal Outcomes of Patients with Aortic Stenosis Stratified by Sex: An Asian Perspective Open
Background: Severe aortic stenosis (AS) stratified by sex has been increasingly studied in the European population. Sex-specific outcomes in Asian patients with AS remain poorly defined. Hence, we aimed to study the clinical characteristic…
View article: Ethnic Differences in the Safety and Efficacy of Tenecteplase Versus Alteplase for Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Ethnic Differences in the Safety and Efficacy of Tenecteplase Versus Alteplase for Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Open
Background and Purpose Tenecteplase is a thrombolytic agent with pharmacological advantages over alteplase and has been shown to be noninferior to alteplase for acute ischemic stroke in randomized trials. However, evidence pertaining to th…
View article: Heart failure risk assessment in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy based on the <scp>H<sub>2</sub>FPEF</scp> score
Heart failure risk assessment in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy based on the <span>H<sub>2</sub>FPEF</span> score Open
Aims The aim of this study was to investigate whether the H 2 FPEF score, which was developed to improve the diagnosis of heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction, is associated with HF outcomes in patients with hypertrophic car…
View article: Combining 2D Planimetry and Yeo’s Index Can Help Accurately Identify Patients with Severe Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis—A Perspective from a 3D Assessment Using Transoesophageal Echocardiography
Combining 2D Planimetry and Yeo’s Index Can Help Accurately Identify Patients with Severe Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis—A Perspective from a 3D Assessment Using Transoesophageal Echocardiography Open
Background: Yeo’s index is a novel measure of the severity of rheumatic mitral valve stenosis (MS). It is derived from the product of the mitral leaflet separation index and dimensionless index. This study aims to validate Yeo’s index usin…
View article: Ischaemia with no obstructive coronary arteries: a review with focus on the Asian population
Ischaemia with no obstructive coronary arteries: a review with focus on the Asian population Open
Ischaemia with no obstructive coronary arteries (INOCA) has been a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for decades. Several studies have demonstrated that INOCA is associated with an increased risk of death, adverse cardiovascular events,…
View article: Validation of Yeo’s index in assessing severity of rheumatic mitral stenosis in mixed valve lesions
Validation of Yeo’s index in assessing severity of rheumatic mitral stenosis in mixed valve lesions Open
View article: Performance of Risk Scores in Predicting Infective Endocarditis in Patients with Staphylococcus aureus Bacteraemia in a Prospective Asian Cohort
Performance of Risk Scores in Predicting Infective Endocarditis in Patients with Staphylococcus aureus Bacteraemia in a Prospective Asian Cohort Open
Background: Several risk scores have been derived to predict the risk of infective endocarditis (IE) amongst patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB), which helps to guide clinical management. Methods: We prospectively studied…
View article: Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction Is Associated with Poor Functional Outcomes after Endovascular Thrombectomy
Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction Is Associated with Poor Functional Outcomes after Endovascular Thrombectomy Open
Introduction: With the advent of endovascular thrombectomy (ET), patients with acute ischaemic strokes (AIS) with large vessel occlusion (LVO) have seen vast improvements in treatment outcomes. Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD)…
View article: Multimodal Cardiac Imaging in the Assessment of Patients Who Have Suffered a Cardioembolic Stroke: A Review
Multimodal Cardiac Imaging in the Assessment of Patients Who Have Suffered a Cardioembolic Stroke: A Review Open
Cardioembolic strokes account for 20–25% of all ischaemic strokes, with their incidence increasing with age. Cardiac imaging plays a crucial role in identifying cardioembolic causes of stroke, with early and accurate identification affecti…
View article: Left ventricular vortex formation time: emerging clinical applications and limitations
Left ventricular vortex formation time: emerging clinical applications and limitations Open
Vortex formation during left ventricular diastolic filling may provide clinically useful insights into cardiac health. In recent years, there has been growing interest in the measurement of vortex formation time (VFT), especially because i…
View article: Clinical characteristics and outcomes of left ventricular thrombus patients with mildly reduced and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of left ventricular thrombus patients with mildly reduced and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction Open
Background Abnormal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is associated with the development of left ventricular thrombus (LVT) following acute myocardial infarction and also in non-ischaemic cardiomyopathies. LVT formation in normal L…
View article: Differences in clinical characteristics and outcomes between patients with left ventricular thrombus following non-anterior and anterior ST-elevation myocardial infarction
Differences in clinical characteristics and outcomes between patients with left ventricular thrombus following non-anterior and anterior ST-elevation myocardial infarction Open
Background Left ventricular thrombus (LVT) is a serious complication following ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), and occurs more frequently in anterior compared to non-anterior myocardial infarction (MI).1 There is limited data o…
View article: Differentially Private Optimization for Non-Decomposable Objective Functions
Differentially Private Optimization for Non-Decomposable Objective Functions Open
Unsupervised pre-training is a common step in developing computer vision models and large language models. In this setting, the absence of labels requires the use of similarity-based loss functions, such as contrastive loss, that favor min…
View article: DP-Auditorium: a Large Scale Library for Auditing Differential Privacy
DP-Auditorium: a Large Scale Library for Auditing Differential Privacy Open
New regulations and increased awareness of data privacy have led to the deployment of new and more efficient differentially private mechanisms across public institutions and industries. Ensuring the correctness of these mechanisms is there…
View article: Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Association with Acute Ischemic Stroke Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Thrombolysis
Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Association with Acute Ischemic Stroke Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Thrombolysis Open
(1) Background: Little is known about how left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) affects functional and clinical outcomes in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients undergoing thrombolysis; (2) Methods: A retrospective observational stu…
View article: Clinical profile and outcomes in patients with moderate to severe aortic stenosis with or without concomitant chronic kidney disease
Clinical profile and outcomes in patients with moderate to severe aortic stenosis with or without concomitant chronic kidney disease Open
Introduction: Management of aortic stenosis (AS) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) may often be overlooked, and this could confer poorer outcomes. Methods: Consecutive patients ( n = 727) with index echocardiographic diagnosis …
View article: Long-Term Prognosis of Patients With Coexisting Obesity and Malnutrition After Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Cohort Study
Long-Term Prognosis of Patients With Coexisting Obesity and Malnutrition After Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Cohort Study Open
Background: The double burden of malnutrition, described as the coexistence of malnutrition and obesity, is a growing global health issue. This study examines the combined effects of obesity and malnutrition on patients with acute myocardi…
View article: Characteristics and outcomes of aortic stenosis patients with and without stroke
Characteristics and outcomes of aortic stenosis patients with and without stroke Open
Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Sia CH was supported by the National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine’s Junior Academic Faculty Scheme Background Aorti…
View article: Association of left atrial ejection fraction and cardiovascular outcomes in Asian patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Association of left atrial ejection fraction and cardiovascular outcomes in Asian patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Open
Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine's Junior Academic Fellowship Scheme Background The optimal method of risk str…
View article: Natural history of functional mitral regurgitation: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis
Natural history of functional mitral regurgitation: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis Open
Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Ching-Hui Sia was supported by the National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine's Junior Academic Fellowship Scheme. Backg…
View article: Effects of medical therapy, transcatheter intervention, and surgery on outcomes of patients with functional mitral regurgitation: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Effects of medical therapy, transcatheter intervention, and surgery on outcomes of patients with functional mitral regurgitation: a systematic review and network meta-analysis Open
Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Ching-Hui Sia was supported by the National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine's Junior Academic Fellowship Scheme. Backg…
View article: The impact of atrial fibrillation on prognosis in aortic stenosis
The impact of atrial fibrillation on prognosis in aortic stenosis Open
Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) and aortic stenosis (AS) are both highly prevalent and often coexist. Various studies have focused on the prognostic value of AF in patients with AS, but rarely considered left ventricular (LV) diastolic…
View article: Metabolic associated fatty liver disease increases risk of adverse events after acute coronary syndrome
Metabolic associated fatty liver disease increases risk of adverse events after acute coronary syndrome Open
Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) was recently introduced as an alternative definition for fatty liver, that has been linked to an increased risk of systemic end-organ damage. However, current studies have not examined the i…
View article: Prognostically distinct phenotypes of metabolic health beyond obesity in aortic stenosis
Prognostically distinct phenotypes of metabolic health beyond obesity in aortic stenosis Open
Background Whilst current evidence are in favour of metabolic health and non-obesity in the reduction of incident cardiovascular disease, little is known regarding the prognosis across the metabolic phenotypes once cardiovascular disease o…
View article: Clinical characteristics, echocardiographic features and long-term outcomes of patients with ischaemic versus non-ischaemic left ventricular thrombus
Clinical characteristics, echocardiographic features and long-term outcomes of patients with ischaemic versus non-ischaemic left ventricular thrombus Open
Background Left ventricular thrombus (LVT) may develop in patients following myocardial infarction (MI), as well as in ischaemic and non-ischaemic cardiomyopathies, and may result in acute ischaemic stroke. Smaller studies comparing LVT as…
View article: Higher long-term mortality in patients with concomitant acute coronary syndrome and aortic stenosis
Higher long-term mortality in patients with concomitant acute coronary syndrome and aortic stenosis Open
Background Aortic stenosis (AS) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) share similar cardiovascular risk factors, and their concomitant presentation is increasing in incidence with the aging population. Yet literature regarding the prognosis of…