Explanipedia

Development of monoclonal antibodies against E1 protein of Chikungunya virus Open

Kun Wen, Zhihong Zhou, Peipei Xu, Biao Di, Jialing Song , et al. · 2025

Chikungunya fever (CF) is a mosquito-borne viral disease caused by Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) that is being increasingly reported in previously non-endemic areas, including Guangdong, China. Despite the low mortality rate associated with CF…

The Impact of Rocket-Emitted Chlorine on Stratospheric Ozone Open

Yuwen Li, Wuhu Feng, J. M. C. Plane, Tijian Wang, Martyn P. Chipperfield · 2025

Although stratospheric ozone is recovering under the Montreal Protocol, the rapidly expanding space industry may influence the pace of this recovery. We assess the potential for rocket-emitted chlorine, under various launch growth scenario…

Global optimal estimation retrievals of atmospheric carbonyl sulfide over water from IASI measurement spectra for 2018 Open

Michael P. Cartwright, Jeremy J. Harrison, D. P. Moore, Richard J. Pope, Chris Wilson , et al. · 2025

Carbonyl sulfide (OCS) is consumed by vegetation during photosynthesis in a one-way hydrolysis reaction, making measuring OCS vegetative uptake a means of inferring and quantifying global gross primary production. Recent studies highlight …

Long-term satellite trends of European lower-tropospheric ozone from 1996–2017 Open

Matilda A. Pimlott, Richard Siddans, Barry G. Latter, Wuhu Feng, Martyn P. Chipperfield · 2025

Tropospheric ozone (O3) is a harmful secondary atmospheric pollutant and an important greenhouse gas. Multiple satellite records have shown conflicting long-term O3 trends across regions of the globe, including Europe. Here, we investigate…

New Li Lidar Observations and Model Simulations: A Window to Anthropogenic Signatures Open

Michael Gerding, Robin Wing, Wuhu Feng, J. M. C. Plane · 2025

We present Li lidar observations in the mesopause region above Kühlungsborn, Germany (54°N, 12°E). The lithium layer is mainly formed by meteoric ablation. But lithium has a much higher relative abundance in space debris compared with mete…

When will the stratospheric water vapour return to pre-Hunga level? Open

Xin Zhou, Quanliang Chen, Wuhu Feng, Saffron Heddell, Sandip Dhomse , et al. · 2025

The January 2022 eruption of the Hunga volcano (20°S), the most explosive in the past 30 years, injected 150 Tg of water vapour into the middle atmosphere, leading to an increase in the stratospheric water burden of 10%, unprecedented in t…

When will the stratospheric water vapour return to pre-Hunga level? Open

Xin Zhou, Quanliang Chen, Wuhu Feng, Saffron Heddell, Sandip Dhomse , et al. · 2025

RePro: Leveraging Large Language Models for Semi-Automated Reproduction of Networking Research Results Open

Yining Jiang, Wei Xu, Qing Song, Yu‐Ling Lin, X. Shirley Liu , et al. · 2025

Reproducing networking research is a critical but challenging task due to the scarcity of open-source code. While Large Language Models (LLMs) can automate code generation, current approaches lack the generalizability required for the dive…

Causal inference for stratospheric chemistry: insights into tropical middle stratospheric ozone variability Open

Evgenia Galytska, Birgit Haßler, Carlo Arosio, Martyn P. Chipperfield, Sandip Dhomse , et al. · 2025

This study investigates the coupling between chemical and dynamical processes driving tropical middle stratospheric ozone (O ₃ ) variability using a causal inference framework that combines causal discovery with causal effect es…

New Li lidar observations and model simulation: A window to anthropogenic signatures Open

Michael Gerding, Robin Wing, Wuhu Feng, J. M. C. Plane, Gerd Baumgarten · 2025

Modelling impacts of aluminium from ablated space debris on atmospheric chemistry Open

Joanna Egan, Wuhu Feng, Alexander D. James, D. R. Marsh, J. M. C. Plane · 2025

The increasing quantities of anthropogenic objects in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) have led to concerns over space debris and collision risks in LEO, leading to the Federal Communications Commission’s introduction of the “5-year rule”, requiring …

Investigating Martian Meteoric Metal Variability Through the Intercomparison of MAVEN/NGIMS Deep Dip Data and PCM-Mars Simulations. Open

Caitlin Gough, D. R. Marsh, J. M. C. Plane, Wuhu Feng, A. R. Poppe , et al. · 2025

In 2014, NASA’s Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) satellite made the first direct atmospheric measurements of planetary meteoric metals beyond Earth. A persistent layer of Mg+ was observed at ~90 km via the remote sensing of t…

Cosmic Dust Ablation and the Metallic Layers in the Upper Atmospheres of the Terrestrial Planets Open

J. M. C. Plane, Joanna Egan, Bianca Ceragioli, Wuhu Feng, Caitlin Gough , et al. · 2025

This presentation concerns the impacts of cosmic dust in the atmospheres of the Earth, Mars and Venus. The input rate of cosmic dust to the Earth’s atmosphere has been very uncertain [Plane, 2012]. A recent estimate of around 28 tonnes per…

Investigation of ferric chloride as the cause of the Venusian NUV absorption Open

Joanna Egan, Wuhu Feng, Alexander D. James, James Manners, D. R. Marsh , et al. · 2025

Understanding the composition and distribution of the unknown UV absorber (Figure 1) in the Venusian atmosphere has been an open question in planetary science for close to 100 years. Ferric chloride (FeCl3) has been proposed as the cause o…

Exploring the variability of the meteoric metal layers in the Venusian atmosphere Open

Bianca Ceragioli, J. M. C. Plane, D. R. Marsh, Wuhu Feng, Joanna Egan , et al. · 2025

Cosmic dust injects around 28 ± 16 tons per day of material in the atmosphere of Earth; this dust ablates between 80 and 105 km, generating neutral and ionized metal layers. These layers have been detected by space-based spectroscopy, as w…

Enhanced Martian metal layers during a close encounter of Comet C/2013 A1 Siding Spring: Evidence from observations and model simulations Open

Wuhu Feng, Caitlin Gough, J. M. C. Plane, D. R. Marsh, Francisco González‐Galindo , et al. · 2025

Comet siding Spring (C/2013 A1) is an Oort cloud comet discovered on 3January 2013 by Robert McNaught at Siding Spring observatory and passed extremely close to Mars (the close encounter occurred at 134000 km from the centre of Mars at a r…

Dynamics, chemistry, and modeling studies in the aviation and aerospace transition zone Open

Zheng Sheng, Yang He, Sicheng Wang, Shujie Chang, Hongze Leng , et al. · 2025

In this review, the concept of the aviation and aerospace transition zone (AATZ), that is, the area between the highest altitude of aviation vehicles and the lowest altitude of space vehicles, is introduced. It is 50-150 km away from the E…

Highlighting the Impact of Anthropogenic OCS Emissions on the Stratospheric Sulfur Budget With In Situ Observations Open

Colin Gurganus, Andrew W. Rollins, E. Waxman, Laura L. Pan, Warren P. Smith , et al. · 2025

Carbonyl sulfide (OCS) is an important atmospheric sulfur species that plays a dominant role in the formation of (nonvolcanic) stratospheric sulfate aerosol in the middle stratosphere. Major uncertainties in surface sources and sinks and i…

WACCM-RR: A Regionally-Refined Version of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model Open

Marcin M Kupilas, D. R. Marsh, P. H. Lauritzen, Chester S. Gardner, Maria Vittoria Guarino , et al. · 2025

Causal inference for stratospheric chemistry: insights into tropical middle stratospheric ozone variability Open

Evgenia Galytska, Birgit Haßler, Carlo Arosio, Martyn P. Chipperfield, Sandip Dhomse , et al. · 2025

The critical importance of stratospheric ozone (O3) lies in its function of absorbing harmful ultraviolet solar radiation as well as affecting the thermal structure, and thus the dynamics, of the stratosphere. Understanding stratospheric O…

Large reductions in satellite-derived and modelled European lower-tropospheric ozone during and after the COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2022) Open

Matilda A. Pimlott, Richard J. Pope, Brian J. Kerridge, Richard Siddans, Barry G. Latter , et al. · 2025

Activity restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic caused large-scale reductions in ozone (O3) precursor emissions, which in turn substantially reduced the abundance of tropospheric O3 in the Northern Hemisphere. Satellite records of lower…

Global Optimal Estimation Retrievals of Atmospheric Carbonyl Sulfide Over Water from IASI Measurement Spectra for 2018 Open

Michael P. Cartwright, Jeremy J. Harrison, D. P. Moore, Richard J. Pope, Martyn P. Chipperfield , et al. · 2025

Carbonyl sulfide (OCS) is consumed by vegetation during photosynthesis in a one-way hydrolysis reaction, making measuring OCS vegetative uptake a means of inferring and quantifying global gross primary productivity. Recent studies highligh…

The Impact of the Stratospheric Quasi-Biennial Oscillation on Arctic Polar Stratospheric Cloud Occurrence Open

Douwang Li, Zhe Wang, Siyi Zhao, Jiankai Zhang, Wuhu Feng , et al. · 2025

Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) play a critical role in stratospheric ozone depletion. Previous studies have shown that the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) influences the Arctic stratospheric polar vortex and ozone, yet no studies have …

Is OSSO a Significant Contributor to the Unknown UV Absorber in Venus' Atmosphere? Open

Joanna Egan, Wuhu Feng, Alexander D. James, James Manners, D. R. Marsh , et al. · 2025

It has been proposed that two isomers of the SO dimer ( cis ‐ and trans ‐OSSO) are candidates for the unknown UV absorber in Venus' atmosphere because they have a good spectral match with the absorber, despite the low concentrations predic…

Impact of host climate model on contrail cirrus effective radiative forcing estimates Open

Weiyu Zhang, Kwinten Van Weverberg, Cyril Morcrette, Wuhu Feng, Kalli Furtado , et al. · 2025

Estimates of aviation effective radiative forcing (ERF) indicate that contrail cirrus is currently its largest contributor, although with a substantial associated uncertainty of ∼ 70 %. Here, we implement the contrail parameterisation deve…

Methane emissions from the Nord Stream subsea pipeline leaks Open

Stephen J. Harris, Stefan Schwietzke, James L. France, Nataly Velandia Salinas, Tania Meixus Fernandez , et al. · 2025

Role of the stratosphere in the global mercury cycle Open

Alfonso Saiz‐Lopez, Carlos A. Cuevas, A. Ulises Acuña, Juan Antonio Añel, Anoop S. Mahajan , et al. · 2025

Mercury (Hg) is a global pollutant with substantial risks to human and ecosystem health. By upward transport in tropical regions, mercury enters into the stratosphere, but the contribution of the stratosphere to global mercury dispersion a…

IoT-Enhanced Smart Parking Management With IncepDenseMobileNet for Improved Classification Open

Xiaoxia Zheng, Wuhu Feng, Ning Wang, Huhemandula Huhemandula · 2025

With the fast progression of urbanization, efficient parking management is crucial for high-traffic areas like Los Angeles International Airport (LAX). This research introduces an AI-driven approach to improve smart parking using deep lear…

Characteristics of Sporadic E Layer Occurrence in a Global Chemistry‐Climate Model: A Comparison With COSMIC‐Derived Data Open

Tasha Aylett, Wuhu Feng, D. R. Marsh, David R. Themens, J. M. C. Plane · 2025

This study presents an analysis of sporadic‐E (Es) structures within WACCM‐X (the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with thermosphere and ionosphere eXtension), including electrodynamical transport of metallic ions. A set of selecti…

Long-term satellite trends of European lower-tropospheric ozone from 1996–2017 Open

Matilda A. Pimlott, Richard Pope, Brian J. Kerridge, Richard Siddans, Barry G. Latter , et al. · 2024

Tropospheric ozone (O3) is a harmful secondary atmospheric pollutant and an important greenhouse gas. Satellite records have shown conflicting long-term tropospheric ozone trends over the globe, including Europe. Here, we present an in-dep…

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