Will Cantrell
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View article: High-resolution lidar observations of sedimentation-induced size sorting of droplets near a laboratory cloud top
High-resolution lidar observations of sedimentation-induced size sorting of droplets near a laboratory cloud top Open
Cloud optical properties and precipitation, which are crucial to weather and climate, are strongly influenced by cloud microphysical properties that are still poorly understood. Here, we develop a high-resolution time-correlated single-pho…
View article: A Model Intercomparison Study of Aerosol‐Cloud‐Turbulence Interactions in a Cloud Chamber: 1. Model Results
A Model Intercomparison Study of Aerosol‐Cloud‐Turbulence Interactions in a Cloud Chamber: 1. Model Results Open
This study presents the first model intercomparison of aerosol‐cloud‐turbulence interactions in a controlled cloudy Rayleigh‐Bénard Convection chamber environment, utilizing the Pi Chamber at Michigan Technological University. We analyzed …
View article: High-resolution temperature profiling in the Π Chamber: variability of statistical properties of temperature fluctuations
High-resolution temperature profiling in the Π Chamber: variability of statistical properties of temperature fluctuations Open
This study delves into the small-scale temperature structure inside the turbulent convection Π Chamber under three temperature differences (10, 15, and 20 K) at Rayleigh number Ra∼109 and Prandtl number Pr≈0.7. We performed high-frequency …
View article: Data supporting “Cloud microphysical response to entrainment of dry air containing aerosols”
Data supporting “Cloud microphysical response to entrainment of dry air containing aerosols” Open
Aerosol particles play a pivotal role in shaping clouds, precipitation, and climate. However, it still remains one of the significant uncertainties in climate change. While most aerosols are activated at the cloud base, the aerosol particl…
View article: LAACI – Light Absorbing Aerosol-Cloud Interactions Experiment
LAACI – Light Absorbing Aerosol-Cloud Interactions Experiment Open
The “Light Absorbing Aerosol-Cloud Interactions Experiment” project aimed at studying the interactions of light-absorbing aerosols from biomass burning (e.g., wildfires or prescribed fires) with clouds. The core of the project was carried …
View article: High-resolution temperature profiling in the Π Chamber: variability of statistical properties of temperature fluctuations
High-resolution temperature profiling in the Π Chamber: variability of statistical properties of temperature fluctuations Open
This study delves into the small-scale temperature structure of Rayleigh-Bénard convection (RBC) generated in the Π Chamber under three temperature differences (10 K, 15 K, and 20 K) at Rayleigh number Ra ~ 109 and Prandtl number Pr ≈ 0.7.…
View article: The Dual Nature of Entrainment-Mixing Signatures Revealed through Large-Eddy Simulations of a Convection-Cloud Chamber
The Dual Nature of Entrainment-Mixing Signatures Revealed through Large-Eddy Simulations of a Convection-Cloud Chamber Open
Entrainment of subsaturated air into a cloud can influence its optical and microphysical properties in various ways, depending on the droplet evaporation and turbulent mixing time scales. Previous experiments in the Pi convection-cloud cha…
View article: Glaciation of mixed-phase clouds: insights from bulk model and bin-microphysics large-eddy simulation informed by laboratory experiment
Glaciation of mixed-phase clouds: insights from bulk model and bin-microphysics large-eddy simulation informed by laboratory experiment Open
Mixed-phase clouds affect precipitation and radiation differently from liquid and ice clouds, posing greater challenges to their representation in numerical simulations. Recent laboratory experiments using the Pi Cloud Chamber explored clo…
View article: Comment on egusphere-2024-1140
Comment on egusphere-2024-1140 Open
Abstract. Mixed-phase clouds affect precipitation and radiation forcing differently from liquid and ice clouds, posing greater challenges to their representation in numerical simulations. Recent laboratory experiments using the Pi Cloud Ch…
View article: Glaciation of Mixed-Phase Clouds: Insights from Bulk Model and Bin-Microphysics Large-Eddy Simulation Informed by Laboratory Experiment
Glaciation of Mixed-Phase Clouds: Insights from Bulk Model and Bin-Microphysics Large-Eddy Simulation Informed by Laboratory Experiment Open
Mixed-phase clouds affect precipitation and radiation forcing differently from liquid and ice clouds, posing greater challenges to their representation in numerical simulations. Recent laboratory experiments using the Pi Cloud Chamber expl…
View article: Physical science research needed to evaluate the viability and risks of marine cloud brightening
Physical science research needed to evaluate the viability and risks of marine cloud brightening Open
Marine cloud brightening (MCB) is the deliberate injection of aerosol particles into shallow marine clouds to increase their reflection of solar radiation and reduce the amount of energy absorbed by the climate system. From the physical sc…
View article: Ion-induced cloud modulation through new particle formation and runaway cloud condensation nuclei production
Ion-induced cloud modulation through new particle formation and runaway cloud condensation nuclei production Open
Cloud formation in the Pi Convection–Cloud Chamber is achieved via ionization in humid conditions, without the injection of aerosol particles to serve as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Abundant ions, turbulence, and supersaturated water …
View article: Droplet Growth or Evaporation Does Not Buffer the Variability in Supersaturation in Clean Clouds
Droplet Growth or Evaporation Does Not Buffer the Variability in Supersaturation in Clean Clouds Open
Water vapor supersaturation in clouds is a random variable that drives activation and growth of cloud droplets. The Pi Convection–Cloud Chamber generates a turbulent cloud with a microphysical steady state that can be varied from clean to …
View article: Molecular simulations reveal that heterogeneous ice nucleation occurs at higher temperatures in water under capillary tension
Molecular simulations reveal that heterogeneous ice nucleation occurs at higher temperatures in water under capillary tension Open
Heterogeneous ice nucleation is thought to be the primary pathway for the formation of ice in mixed-phase clouds, with the number of active ice-nucleating particles (INPs) increasing rapidly with decreasing temperature. Here, molecular-dyn…
View article: Enhancements in Cloud Condensation Nuclei Activity From Turbulent Fluctuations in Supersaturation
Enhancements in Cloud Condensation Nuclei Activity From Turbulent Fluctuations in Supersaturation Open
The effect of aerosols on the properties of clouds is a large source of uncertainty in predictions of weather and climate. These aerosol‐cloud interactions depend critically on the ability of aerosol particles to form cloud droplets. A cha…
View article: Comment on egusphere-2023-330
Comment on egusphere-2023-330 Open
Abstract. Homogeneous ice nucleation rates occur at higher temperatures when water is under tension, otherwise referred to as negative pressure. If also true for heterogeneous ice nucleation rates, then this phenomenon can result in higher…
View article: Molecular simulations reveal that heterogeneous ice nucleation occurs at higher temperatures in water under capillary tension
Molecular simulations reveal that heterogeneous ice nucleation occurs at higher temperatures in water under capillary tension Open
Homogeneous ice nucleation rates occur at higher temperatures when water is under tension, otherwise referred to as negative pressure. If also true for heterogeneous ice nucleation rates, then this phenomenon can result in higher heterogen…
View article: Scaling of Turbulence and Microphysics in a Convection–Cloud Chamber of Varying Height
Scaling of Turbulence and Microphysics in a Convection–Cloud Chamber of Varying Height Open
The convection–cloud chamber enables measurement of aerosol and cloud microphysics, as well as their interactions, within a turbulent environment under steady‐state conditions. Increasing the size of a convection–cloud chamber, while holdi…
View article: DOE-NOAA Marine Cloud Brightening (Workshop Report 2022)
DOE-NOAA Marine Cloud Brightening (Workshop Report 2022) Open
Marine Cloud Brightening (MCB) refers to the deliberate injection of aerosol particles into marine clouds to increase their reflection of solar radiation to temporarily cool the planet while decarbonization efforts are pursued. A workshop …
View article: Enhancements in cloud condensation nuclei concentrations from turbulent fluctuations in supersaturation
Enhancements in cloud condensation nuclei concentrations from turbulent fluctuations in supersaturation Open
The effect of aerosol emissions on the properties and distribution of clouds is a large source of uncertainty in predictions of weather and climate. These aerosol-cloud interactions depend critically on the ability of aerosol particles to …
View article: Laboratory Measurements of Cloud Scavenging of Interstitial Aerosol in a Turbulent Environment (Final Technical Report)
Laboratory Measurements of Cloud Scavenging of Interstitial Aerosol in a Turbulent Environment (Final Technical Report) Open
The link between aerosol particles and clouds is well established. Every cloud droplet forms on a preexisting particle; clouds are the primary removal mechanism for aerosol particles with diameters in the range of 0.1 to 1 micrometer. Trad…
View article: Sources of Stochasticity in the Growth of Cloud Droplets: Supersaturation Fluctuations versus Turbulent Transport
Sources of Stochasticity in the Growth of Cloud Droplets: Supersaturation Fluctuations versus Turbulent Transport Open
The role played by fluctuations of supersaturation in the growth of cloud droplets is examined in this study. The stochastic condensation framework and the three regimes of activation of cloud droplets— namely, mean dominant, fluctuation i…
View article: Dimensionless parameters for cloudy Rayleigh-Bénard convection: Supersaturation, Damköhler, and Nusselt numbers
Dimensionless parameters for cloudy Rayleigh-Bénard convection: Supersaturation, Damköhler, and Nusselt numbers Open
In steady-state Rayleigh-Bénard convection, heat is transported by turbulent thermal convection from the bottom, hot surface to the top, cold surface, leading to a height-independent sensible heat flux. When water vapor is present and clou…
View article: Aerosol Composition, Mixing State, and Phase State of Free Tropospheric Particles and Their Role in Ice Cloud Formation
Aerosol Composition, Mixing State, and Phase State of Free Tropospheric Particles and Their Role in Ice Cloud Formation Open
The prediction of ice cloud formation in the atmosphere remains challenging. Free tropospheric aerosols can act as ice nucleating particles, affecting cloud properties and precipitation. The physicochemical properties of free tropospheric …
View article: Effects of the large-scale circulation on temperature and water vapor distributions in the Π Chamber
Effects of the large-scale circulation on temperature and water vapor distributions in the Π Chamber Open
Microphysical processes are important for the development of clouds and thus Earth's climate. For example, turbulent fluctuations in the water vapor mixing ratio, r, and temperature, T, cause fluctuations in the saturation ratio, S. Becaus…
View article: Reply on RC1
Reply on RC1 Open
Abstract. Microphysical processes are important for the development of clouds and thus Earth's climate. For example, turbulent fluctuations in the water vapor mixing ratio, r, and temperature, T, cause fluctuations in the saturation ratio,…
View article: Review of the manuscript amt-2021-13
Review of the manuscript amt-2021-13 Open
Abstract. Microphysical processes are important for the development of clouds and thus Earth's climate. For example, turbulent fluctuations in the water vapor mixing ratio, r, and temperature, T, cause fluctuations in the saturation ratio,…
View article: Is the water vapor supersaturation distribution Gaussian?
Is the water vapor supersaturation distribution Gaussian? Open
Water vapor supersaturation in the atmosphere is produced in a variety of ways, including the lifting of a parcel or via isobaric mixing of parcels. However, irrespective of the mechanism of production, the water vapor supersaturation in t…