William D. Gaillard
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View article: Assessing the Early Lateralization of White Matter in the Infant Language Network
Assessing the Early Lateralization of White Matter in the Infant Language Network Open
Neural language development involves the maturation of both frontal and temporal language centers and their white matter connections. Leftward asymmetry of white matter tracts has been seen at 5 years of age, and the maintenance of lateral…
View article: Comparative effectiveness of second‐line treatments for epileptic spasms
Comparative effectiveness of second‐line treatments for epileptic spasms Open
Objective This study was undertaken to evaluate the response to second treatments for infantile epileptic spasms syndrome (IESS). Methods Infants aged 2–24 months with IESS were prospectively enrolled in the National Infantile Spasms Cohor…
View article: Predictors of atypical language lateralization in focal epilepsy: A mega‐analysis of <scp>fMRI</scp> evidence
Predictors of atypical language lateralization in focal epilepsy: A mega‐analysis of <span>fMRI</span> evidence Open
Objective To identify predictors of language lateralization derived from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in children and adults with left‐ and right‐sided focal epilepsy. Methods We conducted a mega‐analysis of data from 914 i…
View article: <scp>ILAE</scp> neuroimaging task force highlight: <scp>MRI</scp> detection of early life epilepsy caused by focal cortical dysplasia
<span>ILAE</span> neuroimaging task force highlight: <span>MRI</span> detection of early life epilepsy caused by focal cortical dysplasia Open
The ILAE Neuroimaging Task Force aims to publish educational case reports that highlight basic aspects of neuroimaging in epilepsy consistent with the ILAE's educational mission. Here, we describe a case series of three neonates with focal…
View article: <scp>ILAE</scp> neuroimaging task force highlight: The utility of multimodal neuroimaging in diagnostic and presurgical workup of drug‐resistant focal epilepsy
<span>ILAE</span> neuroimaging task force highlight: The utility of multimodal neuroimaging in diagnostic and presurgical workup of drug‐resistant focal epilepsy Open
The ILAE Neuroimaging Task Force publishes educational case reports that highlight basic aspects of neuroimaging in epilepsy, consistent with ILAE's educational mission. In patients with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy who are candidates for…
View article: Treating seizures faster: The Quality Improvement in Time to Treat Status Epilepticus (QuITT-SE) multicenter randomized stepped wedge clinical trial protocol
Treating seizures faster: The Quality Improvement in Time to Treat Status Epilepticus (QuITT-SE) multicenter randomized stepped wedge clinical trial protocol Open
View article: Outcome of Surgery for Hypothalamic Hamartoma-Related Epilepsy
Outcome of Surgery for Hypothalamic Hamartoma-Related Epilepsy Open
MRgLITT and RFTC offer superior efficacy and safety compared with open microsurgery and should be considered as first-line options. Despite its lower efficacy, SRS is associated with few reported long-term complications, making it a viable…
View article: Basic and preclinical epilepsy research Scientists' perception of clinical epileptology
Basic and preclinical epilepsy research Scientists' perception of clinical epileptology Open
The interaction between basic science epilepsy researchers and clinical epileptologists is a longstanding issue. Efforts to provide opportunities for a dialogue between preclinical and clinical epilepsy professionals are crucial to reduce …
View article: Functional partitioning of sentence processing and emotional prosody in the right perisylvian cortex after perinatal stroke
Functional partitioning of sentence processing and emotional prosody in the right perisylvian cortex after perinatal stroke Open
In healthy adults different language abilities-sentence processing versus emotional prosody-are supported by the left (LH) versus the right hemisphere (RH), respectively. However, after LH stroke in infancy, RH regions often support both a…
View article: Is an earlier onset of focal epilepsy associated with atypical language lateralization? A systematic review, meta-analysis and new data
Is an earlier onset of focal epilepsy associated with atypical language lateralization? A systematic review, meta-analysis and new data Open
Right and bilateral language representation is common in focal epilepsy, possibly reflecting the influence of epileptogenic lesions and/or seizure activity in the left hemisphere. Atypical language lateralization is assumed to be more like…
View article: Longitudinal hippocampal axis in large-scale cortical systems underlying development and episodic memory
Longitudinal hippocampal axis in large-scale cortical systems underlying development and episodic memory Open
The hippocampus is functionally specialized along its longitudinal axis with intricate interactions with cortical systems, which is crucial for understanding development and cognition. Using a well-established connectopic mapping technique…
View article: Mapping Functional Connectivity Signatures of Pharmacoresistant Focal Cortical Dysplasia‐Related Epilepsy
Mapping Functional Connectivity Signatures of Pharmacoresistant Focal Cortical Dysplasia‐Related Epilepsy Open
Objective To determine common network alterations in focal cortical dysplasia pharmacoresistant epilepsy (FCD‐PRE) using functional connectivity analysis of resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI). Methods This is a re…
View article: Functional partitioning of sentence processing and emotional prosody in the right perisylvian cortex after perinatal stroke
Functional partitioning of sentence processing and emotional prosody in the right perisylvian cortex after perinatal stroke Open
In healthy adults different language abilities—sentence processing versus emotional prosody—are supported by the left (LH) versus the right hemisphere (RH), respectively. However, after LH stroke in infancy, RH regions support both abiliti…
View article: <scp>ILAE</scp> neuroimaging task force highlight: Subcortical laminar heterotopia
<span>ILAE</span> neuroimaging task force highlight: Subcortical laminar heterotopia Open
The ILAE Neuroimaging Task Force publishes educational case reports that highlight basic aspects of neuroimaging in epilepsy consistent with the ILAE's educational mission. Subcortical laminar heterotopia, also known as subcortical band he…
View article: Combining OPM and lesion mapping data for epilepsy surgery planning: a simulation study
Combining OPM and lesion mapping data for epilepsy surgery planning: a simulation study Open
When planning for epilepsy surgery, multiple potential sites for resection may be identified through anatomical imaging. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) using optically pumped sensors (OP-MEG) is a non-invasive functional neuroimaging techniq…
View article: One right can make a left: sentence processing in the right hemisphere after perinatal stroke
One right can make a left: sentence processing in the right hemisphere after perinatal stroke Open
When brain regions that are critical for a cognitive function in adulthood are irreversibly damaged at birth, what patterns of plasticity support the successful development of that function in an alternative location? Here we investigate t…
View article: Comparison of psychosocial screeners in an epilepsy clinic
Comparison of psychosocial screeners in an epilepsy clinic Open
Screenings are recommended for co-occurring conditions in pediatric epilepsy. However, there is limited research regarding which screener to implement in the clinic. This study aimed to compare different screening measures for attention-de…
View article: A scoping review of the <scp>functional magnetic resonance imaging</scp>‐based functional connectivity of <scp>focal cortical dysplasia</scp>‐related epilepsy
A scoping review of the <span>functional magnetic resonance imaging</span>‐based functional connectivity of <span>focal cortical dysplasia</span>‐related epilepsy Open
Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is the most frequent etiology of operable pharmacoresistant epilepsy in children. There is burgeoning evidence that FCD‐related epilepsy is a disorder that involves distributed brain networks. Functional magn…
View article: Limbic network co‐localization predicts pharmacoresistance in dysplasia‐related epilepsy
Limbic network co‐localization predicts pharmacoresistance in dysplasia‐related epilepsy Open
To evaluate the role of focal cortical dysplasia co‐localization to cortical functional networks in the development of pharmacoresistance. One hundred thirty‐six focal cortical dysplasia patients with 3.0 T or 1.5 T MRI were identified fro…
View article: Focal to bilateral tonic–clonic seizures predict pharmacoresistance in focal cortical dysplasia–related epilepsy
Focal to bilateral tonic–clonic seizures predict pharmacoresistance in focal cortical dysplasia–related epilepsy Open
Objective Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is the most common etiology of surgically‐remediable epilepsy in children. Eighty‐seven percent of patients with FCD develop epilepsy (75% is pharmacoresistant epilepsy [PRE]). Focal to bilateral to…
View article: Development of an online calculator for the prediction of seizure freedom following pediatric hemispherectomy using the Hemispherectomy Outcome Prediction Scale (HOPS)
Development of an online calculator for the prediction of seizure freedom following pediatric hemispherectomy using the Hemispherectomy Outcome Prediction Scale (HOPS) Open
Objectives Although hemispheric surgeries are among the most effective procedures for drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE) in the pediatric population, there is a large variability in seizure outcomes at the group level. A recently developed HOPS…
View article: Early Clinical Variables Associated With Refractory Convulsive Status Epilepticus in Children
Early Clinical Variables Associated With Refractory Convulsive Status Epilepticus in Children Open
This study provides Class II evidence that patient and clinical factors may predict RSE in children with convulsive seizures.
View article: Invasive Intracranial Electroencephalogram (EEG) Monitoring for Epilepsy in the Pediatric Patient With a Shunt
Invasive Intracranial Electroencephalogram (EEG) Monitoring for Epilepsy in the Pediatric Patient With a Shunt Open
The use of invasive intracranial electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring in the patient with a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversionary shunt presents a conundrum -- the presence of a percutaneous electrode passing into the intracranial compar…
View article: Functional anomaly mapping lateralizes temporal lobe epilepsy with high accuracy in individual patients
Functional anomaly mapping lateralizes temporal lobe epilepsy with high accuracy in individual patients Open
Objective Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) is associated with variable dysfunction beyond the temporal lobe. We used functional anomaly mapping (FAM), a multivariate machine learning approach to resting state fMRI analysis to measure s…
View article: Neurocysticercosis and epilepsy: Imaging and clinical characteristics
Neurocysticercosis and epilepsy: Imaging and clinical characteristics Open
The ILAE Neuroimaging Task Force aimed to publish educational case reports highlighting basic aspects related to neuroimaging in epilepsy consistent with the educational mission of the ILAE. Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is highly endemic in re…
View article: Comprehensive multi-omic profiling of somatic mutations in malformations of cortical development
Comprehensive multi-omic profiling of somatic mutations in malformations of cortical development Open
View article: Language and developmental plasticity after perinatal stroke
Language and developmental plasticity after perinatal stroke Open
The mature human brain is lateralized for language, with the left hemisphere (LH) primarily responsible for sentence processing and the right hemisphere (RH) primarily responsible for processing suprasegmental aspects of language such as v…
View article: The Impact of Magnetoencephalography-Directed Stereo-Electroencephalography Depth Electrode Implantation on Seizure Control Outcome in Children
The Impact of Magnetoencephalography-Directed Stereo-Electroencephalography Depth Electrode Implantation on Seizure Control Outcome in Children Open
Introduction The use of magnetoencephalography (MEG) in localizing epileptic foci and directing surgical treatment of medically refractory epilepsy is well established in clinical practice; however, it has not yet been incorporated into th…
View article: Prevalence and Risk Factors for Pharmacoresistance in Children With Focal Cortical Dysplasia–Related Epilepsy
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Pharmacoresistance in Children With Focal Cortical Dysplasia–Related Epilepsy Open
Failure of 1 antiseizure medication is associated with substantial risk of pharmacoresistance. These data support an operational redefinition of pharmacoresistance, for surgical planning, in FCD-related epilepsy to the failure of 1 antisei…