William E. Garrett
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National athletic trainers' association position statement: Prevention of anterior cruciate ligament injury Open
Objective: To provide certified athletic trainers, physicians, and other health care and fitness professionals with recommendations based on current evidence regarding the prevention of noncontact and indirect-contact anterior cruciate lig…
Injury rate, mechanism, and risk factors of hamstring strain injuries in sports: A review of the literature Open
Hamstring strains are one of most common sports injuries. The purpose of this literature review is to summarize studies on hamstring strain injury rate, mechanism, and risk factors in the last several decades with a focus on the prevention…
Biomechanical characteristics of an anterior cruciate ligament injury in javelin throwing Open
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand the mechanism of an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in javelin throwing and javelin throwing techniques relevant to this ACL injury. Methods: The patient in this study was an eli…
Anterior cruciate ligament injuries in soccer: Loading mechanisms, risk factors, and prevention programs Open
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common in soccer. Understanding ACL loading mechanisms and risk factors for ACL injury is critical for designing effective prevention programs. The purpose of this review is to summarize the re…
Biomechanical risk factors of non-contact ACL injuries: A stochastic biomechanical modeling study Open
Background Significant efforts have been made to identify modifiable risk factors of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in male and female athletes. However, current literature on the risk factors for ACL injury are pure…
The effect of intensity windowing on the detection of simulated masses embedded in dense portions of digitized mammograms in a laboratory setting Open
The purpose of this study was to determine whether intensity windowing (IW) improves detection of simulated masses in dense mammograms. Simulated masses were embedded in dense mammograms digitized at 50 microns/pixel, 12 bits deep. Images …
Mechanisms of non-contact ACL injuries Open
In soccer one of the most common knee injuries is the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear, which usually occurs through non‐contact mechanisms. Female soccer players are at higher risk of sustaining non‐contact ACL injuries than male soc…
View article: Effects of a Knee Extension Constraint Brace on Lower Extremity Movements after ACL Reconstruction
Effects of a Knee Extension Constraint Brace on Lower Extremity Movements after ACL Reconstruction Open
BACKGROUND: Patients have high reinjury rates after ACL reconstruction. Small knee flexion angles and large peak posterior ground reaction forces in landing tasks increase ACL loading. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: We determined the effects of a kne…
View article: Relative age effect: beyond the youth phenomenon
Relative age effect: beyond the youth phenomenon Open
This article has been retracted
The mechanism of hamstring injuries – a systematic review Open
Background Injuries to the hamstring muscles are among the most common in sports and account for significant time loss. Despite being so common, the injury mechanism of hamstring injuries remains to be determined. Purpose To investigate th…
Are Weightbearing Restrictions Required After Microfracture for Isolated Chondral Lesions of the Knee? A Review of the Basic Science and Clinical Literature Open
Context: A strict rehabilitation protocol is traditionally followed after microfracture, including weightbearing restrictions for 2 to 6 weeks. However, such restrictions pose significant disability, especially in a patient population that…
View article: Reconsidering Reciprocal Length Patterns of the Anteromedial and Posterolateral Bundles of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament During In Vivo Gait
Reconsidering Reciprocal Length Patterns of the Anteromedial and Posterolateral Bundles of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament During In Vivo Gait Open
Background: Some cadaveric studies have indicated that the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) consists of anteromedial and posterolateral bundles that display reciprocal function with regard to knee flexion. However, several in vivo imaging …
View article: In Vivo Anterior Cruciate Ligament Deformation During a Single-Legged Jump Measured by Magnetic Resonance Imaging and High-Speed Biplanar Radiography
In Vivo Anterior Cruciate Ligament Deformation During a Single-Legged Jump Measured by Magnetic Resonance Imaging and High-Speed Biplanar Radiography Open
Background: The in vivo mechanics of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and its bundles during dynamic activities are not completely understood. An improved understanding of how the ACL stabilizes the knee is likely to aid in the identif…
A Comparison of Football and Rugby Tackling During Spring Ball Open
Objective The study examined the effects tackling style has on forces translated to the brain in football and rugby. Background Tackling is linked to concussion due to high or repetitive impact forces. A small number of NFL teams are incor…
View article: A Comparison of Knee Abduction Angles Measured by a 3D Anatomic Coordinate System Versus Videographic Analysis: Implications for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury
A Comparison of Knee Abduction Angles Measured by a 3D Anatomic Coordinate System Versus Videographic Analysis: Implications for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Open
Background: Knee positions involved in noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury have been studied via analysis of injury videos. Positions of high ACL strain have been identified in vivo. These methods have supported different hy…
View article: Advanced Patellar Tendinopathy Is Associated With Increased Rates of Bone–Patellar Tendon–Bone Autograft Failure at Early Follow-up After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Advanced Patellar Tendinopathy Is Associated With Increased Rates of Bone–Patellar Tendon–Bone Autograft Failure at Early Follow-up After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Open
Background: Revision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction can be potentially devastating for a patient. As such, it is important to identify prognostic factors that place patients at an increased risk for graft failure. There ar…
View article: Effects of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Deficiency on Tibiofemoral Cartilage Thickness and Strains in Response to Hopping
Effects of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Deficiency on Tibiofemoral Cartilage Thickness and Strains in Response to Hopping Open
Background: Changes in knee kinematics after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury may alter loading of the cartilage and thus affect its homeostasis, potentially leading to the development of posttraumatic osteoarthritis. However, there…
Epidemiological Findings of Soccer Injuries During the 2017 Gold Cup Open
Background: Surveillance programs are vital to analyze the cause and nature of lesions and ultimately establish protocols of action to lower injury rates. Purpose: To evaluate the adherence of team doctors to an electronic surveillance sys…
Advanced Patellar Tendinopathy Is Associated With Increased Rates of Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone Autograft Failure in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstructions Open
Objectives: Revision ACL reconstruction can be potentially devastating for a patient. As such, it is important to identify prognostic factors placing patients at increased risk for re-rupture. There are no data on the effects of patellar t…
National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Prevention of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Open
Objective: To provide certified athletic trainers, physicians, and other health care and fitness professionals with recommendations based on current evidence regarding the prevention of noncontact and indirect-contact anterior cruciate lig…
Relative Age Effect: Beyond the Youth Phenomenon Open
Introduction. The relative age effect (RAE) refers to performance advantage of youth born in the first quarter of the birth year when auditioning for select, age-restricted sports. This advantage conferred to the older athlete is a result …
View article: In Vivo Tibial Cartilage Strains in Regions of Cartilage-to-Cartilage Contact and Cartilage-to-Meniscus Contact in Response to Walking
In Vivo Tibial Cartilage Strains in Regions of Cartilage-to-Cartilage Contact and Cartilage-to-Meniscus Contact in Response to Walking Open
Background: There are currently limited human in vivo data characterizing the role of the meniscus in load distribution within the tibiofemoral joint. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose was to compare the strains experienced in regions of art…
Predictors of Subsequent Injury After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Children and Adolescents Open
Objectives: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft failure and contralateral ACL tears are more frequent in children/adolescents than adults. These re-injuries result in significant time lost from sport, and may contribute to worse long-te…