William H. Eger
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View article: Promises and pitfalls of safer smoking supply distribution in the United States: a thematic analysis of open-ended survey questions from harm reduction organizations
Promises and pitfalls of safer smoking supply distribution in the United States: a thematic analysis of open-ended survey questions from harm reduction organizations Open
Background With rising prevalence of smoking unregulated drugs across the United States, there is a need for more community-based distribution of safer smoking supplies (e.g., glass pipes) to reduce health harms for people who smoke drugs.…
View article: Implementation of Low-Dose Buprenorphine Induction at a Syringe Services Program: A Pilot Study
Implementation of Low-Dose Buprenorphine Induction at a Syringe Services Program: A Pilot Study Open
Background: Fentanyl’s penetration into the unregulated drug supply has complicated the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD), particularly by increasing the risk of buprenorphine-precipitated opioid withdrawal (BPOW). Buprenorphine, a pa…
View article: Modeling the impact of changing drug markets and structural determinants on HCV and/or HIV transmission among people who inject drugs in the United States: A rural and urban comparison
Modeling the impact of changing drug markets and structural determinants on HCV and/or HIV transmission among people who inject drugs in the United States: A rural and urban comparison Open
View article: Psychosocial consequences of xylazine and implications for harm reduction services
Psychosocial consequences of xylazine and implications for harm reduction services Open
View article: Real-world effectiveness of Motivational Enhancement for Engagement in Treatment (MEET) to improve substance use disorder care transitions
Real-world effectiveness of Motivational Enhancement for Engagement in Treatment (MEET) to improve substance use disorder care transitions Open
Among individuals with a SUD, MEET demonstrated real-world effectiveness for improving connections to step-down care, with participants receiving the intervention having nearly twice the odds of timely connection. This indicates practical …
View article: Implementation determinants of safer smoking supplies in U.S. syringe services programs
Implementation determinants of safer smoking supplies in U.S. syringe services programs Open
Background The prevalence of smoking opioids and other unregulated drugs has increased across the United States (U.S.) since 2000. Improved access to safer smoking supplies may reduce the health consequences of inhalation while helping to …
View article: Naloxone distribution amidst shifting drug use patterns: Insights from a needs-based syringe services program
Naloxone distribution amidst shifting drug use patterns: Insights from a needs-based syringe services program Open
View article: Is San Diego California on Track to Reach HCV Elimination? A Modeling Analysis of Combination Prevention Strategies
Is San Diego California on Track to Reach HCV Elimination? A Modeling Analysis of Combination Prevention Strategies Open
In 2020, the Eliminate Hepatitis C Initiative in the county of San Diego (COSD) was launched, a private–public joint endeavor between the COSD and the American Liver Foundation. We use epidemic modeling to assess whether the COSD is on tra…
View article: HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Prescription Initiation and Maintenance Among Homeless-Experienced People Who Use Drugs
HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Prescription Initiation and Maintenance Among Homeless-Experienced People Who Use Drugs Open
Background: HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) remains particularly underused among homeless-experienced people who use drugs (PWUD). Setting: Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program, a Federally Qualified Health Center serving homele…
View article: HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis programmatic preferences among people who inject drugs: findings from a discrete choice experiment
HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis programmatic preferences among people who inject drugs: findings from a discrete choice experiment Open
View article: Social determinants of injection drug use-associated bacterial infections and treatment outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis
Social determinants of injection drug use-associated bacterial infections and treatment outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis Open
Background Individual injecting practices (e.g., intramuscular injecting, lack of skin cleaning) are known risk factors for injection drug use-associated bacterial and fungal infections; however, social contexts shape individual behaviours…
View article: Syringe services program staff and participant perspectives on changing drug consumption behaviors in response to xylazine adulteration
Syringe services program staff and participant perspectives on changing drug consumption behaviors in response to xylazine adulteration Open
Background Xylazine is an increasingly common adulterant in the North American unregulated drug supply that is associated with adverse health outcomes (e.g., skin infections, overdose). However, there are significant knowledge gaps regardi…
View article: Protective or potentially harmful? Altering drug consumption behaviors in response to xylazine adulteration
Protective or potentially harmful? Altering drug consumption behaviors in response to xylazine adulteration Open
View article: Illicit Fentanyl Use and Hepatitis C Virus Seroconversion Among People Who Inject Drugs in Tijuana and San Diego: Results From a Binational Cohort Study
Illicit Fentanyl Use and Hepatitis C Virus Seroconversion Among People Who Inject Drugs in Tijuana and San Diego: Results From a Binational Cohort Study Open
Background Illicitly manufactured fentanyl (IMF) increases overdose mortality, but its role in infectious disease transmission is unknown. We examined whether IMF use predicts hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) …
View article: Decentralized HIV testing: comparing peer and mail-based distribution strategies to improve the reach of HIV self-testing among people who use drugs in Florida
Decentralized HIV testing: comparing peer and mail-based distribution strategies to improve the reach of HIV self-testing among people who use drugs in Florida Open
Introduction People who use drugs (PWUD) are at increased risk for HIV infection. HIV self-testing (HIVST) is a promising method for identifying new infections, but optimal distribution strategies remain understudied. Methods To characteri…
View article: Changes in injecting versus smoking heroin, fentanyl, and methamphetamine among people who inject drugs in San Diego, California, 2020–2023
Changes in injecting versus smoking heroin, fentanyl, and methamphetamine among people who inject drugs in San Diego, California, 2020–2023 Open
Opioid and methamphetamine injection declined precipitously, with notable increases in smoking these drugs. Research is needed to understand the health consequences of these trends.
View article: Illicit Fentanyl Use Independently Predicts HCV Seroconversion Among a Cohort of People Who Inject Drugs in Tijuana and San Diego
Illicit Fentanyl Use Independently Predicts HCV Seroconversion Among a Cohort of People Who Inject Drugs in Tijuana and San Diego Open
Background Illicitly manufactured fentanyl (IMF) increases overdose mortality, but its role in infectious disease transmission is unknown. We examined whether IMF use predicts HCV and HIV incidence among a cohort of people who inject drugs…
View article: Changes in injecting versus smoking heroin, fentanyl, and methamphetamine among people who inject drugs in San Diego, California, 2020 to 2023
Changes in injecting versus smoking heroin, fentanyl, and methamphetamine among people who inject drugs in San Diego, California, 2020 to 2023 Open
Background Amidst a rapidly evolving drug supply in North America, people who inject drugs may be transitioning to smoking them. We aimed to assess changes in injecting and smoking heroin, fentanyl and methamphetamine among a cohort of peo…
View article: Long-acting Injectable PrEP Interest and General PrEP Awareness among People who Inject Drugs in the San Diego-Tijuana Border Metroplex
Long-acting Injectable PrEP Interest and General PrEP Awareness among People who Inject Drugs in the San Diego-Tijuana Border Metroplex Open
View article: Health, harm reduction, and social service providers’ perspectives on the appropriateness and feasibility of peer distribution of HIV self-test kits among people who use drugs
Health, harm reduction, and social service providers’ perspectives on the appropriateness and feasibility of peer distribution of HIV self-test kits among people who use drugs Open
Background People who use drugs (PWUD) experience elevated HIV risk and numerous barriers to facility-based HIV testing. HIV self-testing (HIVST) could circumvent many of those barriers and is acceptable among PWUD, yet HIVST implementatio…
View article: Willingness to use and distribute HIV self-testing kits among people who inject drugs in the San Diego–Tijuana border region
Willingness to use and distribute HIV self-testing kits among people who inject drugs in the San Diego–Tijuana border region Open
View article: Understanding Risk Perception and Xenophobic Attitudes during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic in the United States
Understanding Risk Perception and Xenophobic Attitudes during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic in the United States Open
Introduction: There have been over 87 million cases of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the United States (US). Objective: The objective of this study was to develop a novel questionnaire to assess risk perception of COVID-19 and xen…
View article: Disparities in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among a diverse community-based sample in Connecticut, United States
Disparities in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among a diverse community-based sample in Connecticut, United States Open
Though vaccination is among our strongest tools to prevent COVID-19 infections, its delivery has proven challenging. At a time when COVID-19 cases were rapidly increasing in the Northeast, we examined the role of sociodemographic factors, …
View article: Clinic-Integrated Mobile Health Intervention (“JomPrEP” App) to Improve Uptake of HIV Testing and Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Malaysia: Protocol for an Intervention Development and Multiphase Trial
Clinic-Integrated Mobile Health Intervention (“JomPrEP” App) to Improve Uptake of HIV Testing and Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Malaysia: Protocol for an Intervention Development and Multiphase Trial Open
Background Men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately affected by the HIV epidemic in Malaysia and globally. Cross-cutting prevention strategies such as mobile health (mHealth), particularly smartphone apps, hold great promise …
View article: Using nominal group technique to identify barriers and facilitators to preventing HIV using combination same-day pre-exposure prophylaxis and medications for opioid use disorder
Using nominal group technique to identify barriers and facilitators to preventing HIV using combination same-day pre-exposure prophylaxis and medications for opioid use disorder Open
View article: Nurse Practitioner–Led Integrated Rapid Access to HIV Prevention for People Who Inject Drugs (iRaPID): Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Nurse Practitioner–Led Integrated Rapid Access to HIV Prevention for People Who Inject Drugs (iRaPID): Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial Open
Background The ongoing volatile opioid epidemic remains a significant public health concern, alongside continued outbreaks of HIV and hepatitis C virus among people who inject drugs. The limited access to and scale-up of medications for op…
View article: Clinic-Integrated mHealth Intervention (“JomPrEP” App) to Improve Uptake of HIV Testing and Pre-exposure Prophylaxis among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Malaysia: Protocol for Intervention Development and Multi-Phase Trial (Preprint)
Clinic-Integrated mHealth Intervention (“JomPrEP” App) to Improve Uptake of HIV Testing and Pre-exposure Prophylaxis among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Malaysia: Protocol for Intervention Development and Multi-Phase Trial (Preprint) Open
BACKGROUND Men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately affected by the HIV epidemic in Malaysia and globally. Cross-cutting prevention strategies like mHealth, particularly smartphone apps, hold great promise for HIV prevention…
View article: Exploring drivers of pre-exposure prophylaxis uptake among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men in Malaysia
Exploring drivers of pre-exposure prophylaxis uptake among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men in Malaysia Open
Background Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a valuable HIV prevention strategy, particularly among men who have sex with men (MSM); however, PrEP uptake is below the threshold needed to curb the HIV epidemic among this group, especially …
View article: Fentanyl Test Strip Use and Overdose History among Individuals on Medication for Opioid Use Disorder
Fentanyl Test Strip Use and Overdose History among Individuals on Medication for Opioid Use Disorder Open
Background: The number of deaths from drug overdose in the United States has more than doubled in the past decade. In particular, drug overdose deaths involving fentanyl have doubled every year since 2013. Rapid fentanyl test strips (FTS) …