William H. Warren
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View article: Visual Influence Networks in Walking Crowds
Visual Influence Networks in Walking Crowds Open
Collective motion in human crowds has been understood as a self-organizing phenomenon that is generated from local visual interactions between neighboring pedestrians. To analyze these interactions, we introduce an approach that estimates …
View article: Relative rate of expansion controls speed in one-dimensional pedestrian following
Relative rate of expansion controls speed in one-dimensional pedestrian following Open
Patterns of crowd behavior are believed to result from local interactions between pedestrians. Many studies have investigated the local rules of interaction, such as steering, avoiding, and alignment, but how pedestrians control their walk…
View article: Human Crowds as Social Networks: Collective Dynamics of Consensus and Polarization
Human Crowds as Social Networks: Collective Dynamics of Consensus and Polarization Open
A ubiquitous type of collective behavior and decision-making is the coordinated motion of bird flocks, fish schools, and human crowds. Collective decisions to move in the same direction, turn right or left, or split into subgroups arise in…
View article: Gestalt grouping vs. ensemble perception when following a crowd
Gestalt grouping vs. ensemble perception when following a crowd Open
Most models of collective motion in animal groups and human crowds assume ensemble averaging of one’s neighbors (e.g. Rio, Dachner & Warren, PRSB 2018). Last year we reported that attending to a subset of neighbors did not spontaneously in…
View article: Motion Energy Modulates Feature Tracking in Human Locomotor Control
Motion Energy Modulates Feature Tracking in Human Locomotor Control Open
Several visual variables are known to influence motion perception, including motion energy (1st-order motion) and tracking the positions of features (3rd-order motion) (Lu and Sperling 1995), but their contribution to locomotor control is …
View article: Comparing Visual and Omniscient Models of Collective Crowd Motion
Comparing Visual and Omniscient Models of Collective Crowd Motion Open
Collective motion can emerge in human crowds when pedestrians match the heading and speed of nearby neighbors. Existing computational models of this phenomenon are “omniscient,” making the assumption that pedestrians have direct knowledge …
View article: Is the neighborhood of interaction in human crowds metric, topological, or visual?
Is the neighborhood of interaction in human crowds metric, topological, or visual? Open
Global patterns of collective motion in bird flocks, fish schools, and human crowds are thought to emerge from local interactions within a neighborhood of interaction, the zone in which an individual is influenced by their neighbors. Both …
View article: A Potential Mechanism for Gibsonian Resonance: Behavioral Entrainment Emerges from Local Homeostasis in an Unsupervised Reservoir Network
A Potential Mechanism for Gibsonian Resonance: Behavioral Entrainment Emerges from Local Homeostasis in an Unsupervised Reservoir Network Open
While the cognitivist school of thought holds that the mind is analogous to a computer, performing logical operations over internal representations, the tradition of ecological psychology contends that organisms can directly "resonate" to …
View article: A Bifurcation in Visually-Guided Behavior when Following a Crowd
A Bifurcation in Visually-Guided Behavior when Following a Crowd Open
Models of human ‘flocking’ show that collective motion emerges when each individual takes a weighted average of neighbor velocities (Rio, Dachner & Warren, PRSB, 2018). But when a crowd splits into two groups heading in different direction…
View article: Does attention influence who you follow in a crowd? Tracking neighbors vs. following your friends
Does attention influence who you follow in a crowd? Tracking neighbors vs. following your friends Open
Does attention increase the influence of neighbors in a crowd? Rio, Dachner, & Warren's (2018) model assumes ensemble perception of crowd motion, and yet it seems that we can follow our friends and ignore others. We adapted the Multiple Ob…
View article: Blurring Boundaries: Weakening 3rd-order Motion Reduces Locomotor Responses When Following A Crowd
Blurring Boundaries: Weakening 3rd-order Motion Reduces Locomotor Responses When Following A Crowd Open
Collective motion in human crowds can emerge from pedestrians locally following their neighbors. Previously we showed that the visual-motor system relies on 3rd-order motion (tracking boundary features), not 1st-order motion (motion energy…
View article: Methods of density estimation for pedestrians moving in small groups without a spatial boundary
Methods of density estimation for pedestrians moving in small groups without a spatial boundary Open
For a group of pedestrians without any spatial boundaries, the methods of density estimation is a wide area of research. Besides, there is a specific difficulty when the density along one given pedestrian trajectory is needed in order to p…
View article: The potential of Beta variant containing COVID booster vaccines for chasing Omicron in 2022
The potential of Beta variant containing COVID booster vaccines for chasing Omicron in 2022 Open
Currently approved COVID vaccines are designed using the spike antigen derived from the ancestral strain, but health authorities are recommending changes to the vaccine strain to combat emerging variants. The goal is to ensure that next ge…
View article: The neighborhood of interaction in human crowds is neither metric nor topological, but visual
The neighborhood of interaction in human crowds is neither metric nor topological, but visual Open
Global patterns of collective motion in bird flocks, fish schools, and human crowds are thought to emerge from local interactions within a neighborhood of interaction , the zone in which an individual is influenced by their neighbors. Both…
View article: Analysis of emergent patterns in crossing flows of pedestrians reveals an invariant of ‘stripe’ formation in human data
Analysis of emergent patterns in crossing flows of pedestrians reveals an invariant of ‘stripe’ formation in human data Open
When two streams of pedestrians cross at an angle, striped patterns spontaneously emerge as a result of local pedestrian interactions. This clear case of self-organized pattern formation remains to be elucidated. In counterflows, with a cr…
View article: The visual coupling between neighbours explains local interactions underlying human ‘flocking'
The visual coupling between neighbours explains local interactions underlying human ‘flocking' Open
Patterns of collective motion in bird flocks, fish schools and human crowds are believed to emerge from local interactions between individuals. Most ‘flocking' models attribute these local interactions to hypothetical rules or metaphorical…
View article: Bumblebees display characteristics of active vision during robust obstacle avoidance flight
Bumblebees display characteristics of active vision during robust obstacle avoidance flight Open
Insects are remarkable flyers and capable of navigating through highly cluttered environments. We tracked the head and thorax of bumblebees freely flying in a tunnel containing vertically oriented obstacles to uncover the sensorimotor stra…
View article: Analysis of emergent patterns in crossing flows of pedestrians reveals an invariant of 'stripe' formation in human data
Analysis of emergent patterns in crossing flows of pedestrians reveals an invariant of 'stripe' formation in human data Open
Data, codes and metadata used for this research are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5718431
View article: A day at the beach: Does visually perceived distance depend on the energetic cost of walking?
A day at the beach: Does visually perceived distance depend on the energetic cost of walking? Open
It takes less effort to walk from here to the Tiki Hut on the brick walkway than on the sandy beach. Does that influence how far away the Tiki Hut looks? The energetic cost of walking on dry sand is twice that of walking on firm ground (Le…
View article: Robust Weighted Averaging Accounts for Recruitment Into Collective Motion in Human Crowds
Robust Weighted Averaging Accounts for Recruitment Into Collective Motion in Human Crowds Open
Agent-based models of “flocking” and “schooling” have shown that a weighted average of neighbor velocities, with weights that decay gradually with distance, yields emergent collective motion. Weighted averaging thus offers a potential mech…
View article: Fostering Civil Public Dialogue Through Collaboration: Opportunities for Extension
Fostering Civil Public Dialogue Through Collaboration: Opportunities for Extension Open
This article addresses the issue of incivility in public policy debates by pointing to citizen collaboratives as an alternative that promotes civil dialogue. Collaboration forums bring together those having diverse and often opposing inter…
View article: The visual coupling between neighbors explains ‘flocking’ in human crowds
The visual coupling between neighbors explains ‘flocking’ in human crowds Open
Patterns of collective motion or ‘flocking’ in birds, fish schools, and human crowds are believed to emerge from local interactions between individuals. Most models of collective motion attribute these interactions to hypothetical rules or…
View article: The neighborhood of interaction in human crowds is explained by visual information
The neighborhood of interaction in human crowds is explained by visual information Open
Most models of collective motion are based on the physical positions and velocities of others in a neighborhood of interaction. For example, in our physical model (PRSB 2018, CDPS 2018) a pedestrian matches the average heading direction an…