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View article: Future Circular Collider Feasibility Study Report
Future Circular Collider Feasibility Study Report Open
Volume 3 of the FCC Feasibility Report presents studies related to civil engineering, the development of a project implementation scenario, and environmental and sustainability aspects. The report details the iterative improvements made to…
View article: Future Circular Collider Feasibility Study Report: Volume 2, Accelerators, Technical Infrastructure and Safety
Future Circular Collider Feasibility Study Report: Volume 2, Accelerators, Technical Infrastructure and Safety Open
In response to the 2020 Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics, the Future Circular Collider (FCC) Feasibility Study was launched as an international collaboration hosted by CERN. This report describes the FCC integrated prog…
View article: New baseline layout of the CERN Future Circular hadron-hadron Collider
New baseline layout of the CERN Future Circular hadron-hadron Collider Open
The ongoing feasibility study of the Future Circular Collider (FCC) comprises two distinct accelerators: a high-luminosity circular electron-positron collider known as FCC-ee and an energy-frontier hadron collider named FCC-hh. These two f…
View article: Future Circular Collider Feasibility Study Report Volume 3: Civil Engineering, Implementation and Sustainability
Future Circular Collider Feasibility Study Report Volume 3: Civil Engineering, Implementation and Sustainability Open
Volume 3 of the FCC Feasibility Report presents studies related to civil engineering, the development of a project implementation scenario, and environmental and sustainability aspects. The report details the iterative improvements made to…
View article: Injection and Beam Dump Systems
Injection and Beam Dump Systems Open
Some of the elements of the LHC injection and extraction systems will be upgraded or replaced to adapt to the increased beam brightness and intensity of the HL-LHC beams [1; 2]. The injection main protection absorber will be replaced with …
View article: Operational experience of a low beam coupling impedance injection kicker magnet for the CERN SPS ring
Operational experience of a low beam coupling impedance injection kicker magnet for the CERN SPS ring Open
The CERN SPS injection kicker magnets (MKP) were developed in the 1970’s, before beam power deposition was considered an issue. There are two types of these magnets in the SPS: MKP-S (small aperture) and MKP-L (large aperture) versions. Th…
View article: A semi-passive beam dilution system for the FCC-ee collider
A semi-passive beam dilution system for the FCC-ee collider Open
The operation modes for the proposed FCC-ee collider foresee a very small beam spot size and stored beam energies of up to 20.6 MJ in Z production. This necessitates a dedicated beam dumping system. To reduce the complexity of the system a…
View article: LHC Abort Gap Cleaning Studies During Luminosity Operation
LHC Abort Gap Cleaning Studies During Luminosity Operation Open
The presence of significant intensities of un-bunched beam is a potentially serious issue in the LHC. Procedures using damper kickers for cleaning both the Abort Gap (AG) and the buckets targeted for injection, are currently in operation a…
View article: The FCCee Pre-Injector Complex
The FCCee Pre-Injector Complex Open
The international FCC study group published in 2019 a Conceptual Design Report for an electron-positron collider with a centre-of-mass energy from 90 to 365 GeV with a beam currents of up to 1.4 A per beam. The high beam current of this co…
View article: FCC-ee e⁺e⁻ Injection and Booster rRng
FCC-ee e⁺e⁻ Injection and Booster rRng Open
The Future Circular electron-positron Collider (FCC-ee) is a proposal for a 91.17 km collider, which would operate in four modes with energies ranging from 45.6 GeV (Z-pole) to 182.5 GeV (ttbar-production). At high energies the beam lifeti…
View article: Experimental Test of a New Method to Verify Retraction Margins Between Dump Absorbers and Tertiary Collimators at the LHC
Experimental Test of a New Method to Verify Retraction Margins Between Dump Absorbers and Tertiary Collimators at the LHC Open
The protection of the tertiary collimators (TCTs) and the LHC triplet aperture in case of a so-called asynchronous beam dump relies on the correct retraction between the TCTs and the dump region absorbers. A new method to validate this ret…
View article: Studies for Mitigating Flashover of CERN-LHC Dilution Kicker Magnets
Studies for Mitigating Flashover of CERN-LHC Dilution Kicker Magnets Open
The LHC beam dump system is used for extracting beam from the LHC and, as such, is a safety critical system whose proper functionality must be assured. Dilution kicker magnets (MKBs) sweep the extracted beam over the cross-sectional area o…
View article: ELENA Commissioning and Status
ELENA Commissioning and Status Open
The Extra Low ENergy Antiproton ring ELENA is a small synchrotron recently constructed and commissioned to decelerate antiprotons injected from the Antiproton Decelerator AD with a kinetic energy of 5.3 MeV down to 100 keV. Controlled dece…
View article: Consolidation of Re-Triggering System of LHC Beam Dumping System at CERN
Consolidation of Re-Triggering System of LHC Beam Dumping System at CERN Open
The Trigger Synchronization and Distribution System (TSDS) is a core part of the LHC Beam Dump System (LBDS). It comprises redundant Re-Trigger Lines (RTLs) that allow fast re-triggering of all high-voltage pulsed generators in case one se…
View article: Future circular collider injection and extraction kicker topologies and solid state generators
Future circular collider injection and extraction kicker topologies and solid state generators Open
A 100 TeV center-of-mass energy frontier proton collider, in a new tunnel of 80–100 km circumference, is a central part of CERN’s Future Circular Colliders (FCC) design study. The designs of the injection and extraction systems of the FCC …
View article: Noninvasive 3D Field Mapping of Complex Static Electric Fields
Noninvasive 3D Field Mapping of Complex Static Electric Fields Open
Many upcoming experiments in antimatter research require low-energy antiproton beams. With a kinetic energy in the order of 100 keV, the standard magnetic components to control and focus the beams become less effective. Therefore, electros…
View article: LHC Full Energy Exploitation Study: Operation at Ultimate Energy of 7.5 TeV
LHC Full Energy Exploitation Study: Operation at Ultimate Energy of 7.5 TeV Open
This report discusses the feasibility and limitations for operating the LHC and HL-LHC at the ultimate beam energy of 7.5 TeV, corresponding to a main dipole magnetic field of 8.93 T and an operating current of 12748 A.
View article: LBDS Performance in RUN 2
LBDS Performance in RUN 2 Open
The performance of the LHC Beam Dump System (LBDS) during Run 2 beam operations\nare presented in terms of rate and type of failures of the extraction (MKB) and\ndump (MKD) kickers. New faults were also identified and they are described\nt…
View article: The 2018 Heavy-Ion Run of the LHC
The 2018 Heavy-Ion Run of the LHC Open
The fourth one-month Pb-Pb collision run brought LHC Run 2 to an end in December 2018. Following the tendency to reduce dependence on the configuration of the preceding proton run, a completely new optics cycle with the strongest ever focu…
View article: Consolidated Lattice of the Collider FCC-hh
Consolidated Lattice of the Collider FCC-hh Open
The FCC-hh (Future Hadron-Hadron Circular Collider) is one of the options considered for the next generation accelerator in high-energy physics as recommended by the European Strategy Group. The latest changes brought to the lattice of the…
View article: LHC Injection Losses and Trajectories During Run 1 and 2 and Outlook to Injection of HL-LHC Beams
LHC Injection Losses and Trajectories During Run 1 and 2 and Outlook to Injection of HL-LHC Beams Open
The LHC turn-around time is impacted by the control of injection losses and trajectories. While shot-to-shot trajectory variations dominated the injection efficiency during LHC Run 1, several improvements of hardware and operational settin…
View article: nuSTORM at CERN: Feasibility Study
nuSTORM at CERN: Feasibility Study Open
The Neutrinos from Stored Muons, nuSTORM, facility has been designed to deliver a definitive neutrino-nucleus scattering programme using beams of $\bar{\nu}_e$ and $\bar{\nu}_\mu$ from the decay of muons confined within a storage ring. The…
View article: Machine Protection Aspects of High-Voltage Flashovers of the LHC Beam Dump Dilution Kickers
Machine Protection Aspects of High-Voltage Flashovers of the LHC Beam Dump Dilution Kickers Open
The LHC Beam Dump System is required to safely dispose of the energy of the stored beam. In order to reduce the energy density deposited in the beam dump, a dedicated dilution system is installed. On July 14, 2018, during a regular beam du…
View article: Operational Performance of the Machine Protection Systems of the Large Hadron Collider During Run 2 and Lessons Learnt for the LIU/HL-LHC Era
Operational Performance of the Machine Protection Systems of the Large Hadron Collider During Run 2 and Lessons Learnt for the LIU/HL-LHC Era Open
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has successfully completed its second operational run of four years length in December 2018. Operation will be stopped during two years for maintenance and upgrades. To allow for the successful completion of…
View article: Injection and Dump Systems for a 13.5 TeV Hadron Synchrotron HE-LHC
Injection and Dump Systems for a 13.5 TeV Hadron Synchrotron HE-LHC Open
One option for a future circular collider at CERN is to build a 13.5 TeV hadron synchrotron, or High Energy LHC (HE-LHC) in the LHC tunnel. Injection and dump systems will have to be upgraded to cope with the higher beam rigidity and incre…
View article: Reliability Considerations for the LHC MKB Re-trigger Upgrade During LS2
Reliability Considerations for the LHC MKB Re-trigger Upgrade During LS2 Open
An upgrade of the LHC dilution kicker system (MKB) during LS2 foresees the new implementation of a MKB re-trigger mechanism. Immediate re-triggering of the remaining MKB in case of a pre-firing module through the currently existing re-trigg…
View article: The ELENA facility
The ELENA facility Open
The CERN Antiproton Decelerator (AD) provides antiproton beams with a kinetic energy of 5.3 MeV to an active user community. The experiments would profit from a lower beam energy, but this extraction energy is the lowest one possible under…
View article: Beam Simulation Studies for the Upgrade of the SPS Beam Dumping System
Beam Simulation Studies for the Upgrade of the SPS Beam Dumping System Open
The SPS at CERN currently uses a beam dumping system that is installed in the long straight section 1 (LSS1) of the SPS. This system consists of two beam stopper blocks for low and high energy beams, as well as two vertical and three horiz…
View article: Upgrade of the Dilution System for HL-LHC
Upgrade of the Dilution System for HL-LHC Open
The LHC Beam Dump System is one of the most critical systems for reliable and safe operation of the LHC. A dedicated dilution system is required to sweep the beam over the front face of the graphite dump core in order to reduce the deposit…
View article: Energy Deposition Studies and Analysis of the Quench Behavior in the Case of Asynchronous Dumps During 6.5 TeV LHC Proton Beam Operation
Energy Deposition Studies and Analysis of the Quench Behavior in the Case of Asynchronous Dumps During 6.5 TeV LHC Proton Beam Operation Open
The CERN LHC beam dumping system comprises a series of septa and fast-pulsed kicker magnets for extracting the stored proton beams to the external beam dumps. Different absorbers in the extraction region protect superconducting magnets and…