Explanipedia

Discovery of crystalline Fe 2 O 3 in returned lunar soils Open

Haijun Cao, Jian Chen, Can Bin Yin, X. Lu, Le Qiao , et al. · 2025

Lunar materials were believed to have formed and been preserved in a reducing environment, with only Fe 2+ and Fe 0 present. Native oxidized minerals, such as hematite, have not been validated in previously returned lunar samples. In this …

Impact-induced mixing generated the stratified soils of the Lunar South Pole Aitken Basin Open

Haijun Cao, Jian Chen, X. Lu, Jiaqi Kong, Le Qiao , et al. · 2025

The Mg-pyroxene annulus in the South Pole–Aitken (SPA) basin holds crucial information about the lunar crustal evolution, yet its mineralogy and origin remain debate. Here we analyzed the mineralogy, exogenic ejecta, and soil evolution of …

Space Weathering Properties of Chang’e-6 Soils and Implication for Regolith Evolution of Young Lunar Maria Open

X. Lu, Jian Chen, Haijun Cao, Changqing Liu, Ziyi Jia , et al. · 2025

Geology Physics Computer science

Lunar soil samples from young maria (formed <3.0 billion years ago (Ga)) preserve key records of recent space weathering history in the Earth–Moon system. China’s Chang’e-6 mission returned the first farside soil samples from a young mare …

Petrogenesis of Chang’e-6 Basalts and Implication for the Young Volcanism on the Lunar Farside Open

Chengxiang Yin, Jian Chen, Xiaohui Fu, Haijun Cao, X. Lu , et al. · 2025

Geology Physics

Mare basalts from lunar farside are pivotal for unraveling lunar nearside-farside dichotomies and global thermal history. The Chang’e-6 (CE-6) mission conducted the first sampling from a young basaltic unit within the Apollo basin on the l…

Mare Volcanism in Apollo Basin Evaluating the Mare Basalt Genesis Models on the Moon Open

Xiaohui Fu, Chengxiang Yin, Jin Li, J. Zhang, Siyue Chi , et al. · 2024

Geology Biology Physics

The Apollo basin is a well-preserved double-ringed impact basin located on the northeastern edge of the South Pole–Aitken (SPA) basin. The Apollo basin has been flooded and filled with large volumes of mare lavas, indicating an active volc…

HBcrAg is associated with prognosis of hepatitis B virus‐related hepatocellular carcinoma in patients after hepatectomy undergoing antiviral therapy Open

Jian Liu, Xiaofeng Zhang, Jianbo Lin, Chun Dai, Zhihao Xie , et al. · 2024

Medicine

Serum hepatitis B core‐related antigen (HBcrAg) is considered a surrogate marker of the amount and activity of intrahepatic covalently closed circular DNA. This study aimed to explore the prognostic value of HBcrAg on patients with hepatit…

The Lunar Regolith Thickness and Stratigraphy of the Chang’E-6 Landing Site Open

Jin Li, Chengxiang Yin, Siyue Chi, Wenshuo Mao, Xiaohui Fu , et al. · 2024

Geology Biology Physics

The Chang’E-6 (CE-6) mission successfully returned 1935.3 g of lunar soil samples from the Apollo basin within the South Pole–Aitken basin. One of its scientific objectives is to investigate the subsurface structure and regolith thickness …

Microphase iron particle growth promoted by solar wind implantation in lunar soils Open

X. Lu, Jian Chen, Haijun Cao, Xiaohui Fu, Xiaojia Zeng , et al. · 2024

Materials science Environmental science Geology

Lunar soils record the history and spectral changes resulting from the space-weathering process. The solar wind and micrometeoroids are the main space-weathering agents leading to darkening (decreasing albedo) and reddening (increasing ref…

Benefits of entecavir therapy in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma patients with compensated cirrhosis after hepatectomy: a ten-year cohort study Open

Jian Liu, Jianbo Lin, Xintong Shi, Xiaofeng Zhang, Chun Dai , et al. · 2024

Medicine

Background Data on the impact of antiviral therapy(AVT) on the long-term outcomes of hepatitis B virus(HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) patients with cirrhosis after hepatectomy are limited. We aimed to determine the effect of AV…

Scientific objectives and payload configuration of the Chang'E-7 mission Open

Chi Wang, Yingzhuo Jia, Changbin Xue, Yangting Lin, Jianzhong Liu , et al. · 2023

Engineering Geology Computer science

As the cornerstone mission of the fourth phase of the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program, Chang'E-7 (CE-7) was officially approved, and implementation started in 2022, including a main probe and a communication relay satellite. The main pro…

Dust events control nitrogen cycling and nitrate/(per)chlorate relationships on Mars Open

Xiaohui Fu, Wenshuo Mao, Zhongchen Wu, Jiang Zhang, Zongcheng Ling , et al. · 2023

Environmental science Chemistry Geography

Nitrogen is an important part of any biosphere/organic cycling, but aspects of the nitrogen cycle for Mars are quite unclear. Nitrate and (per)chlorate have been detected in sedimentary rocks and aeolian sediments in Gale crater on Mars as…

Solid−gas carbonate formation during dust events on Mars Open

Wenshuo Mao, Xiaohui Fu, Zhongchen Wu, Jiang Zhang, Zongcheng Ling , et al. · 2023

Environmental science Geology Materials science

Electrostatic discharge experiments under simulated martian atmospheric conditions indicate that atmospheric CO2 has been sequestered into carbonate by the Mars dust activities during the Amazonia era.

Aqueous alteration of the Vastitas Borealis Formation at the Tianwen-1 landing site Open

Changqing Liu, Zongcheng Ling, Zhongchen Wu, Jiang Zhang, Jian Chen , et al. · 2022

Geology Physics

The Vastitas Borealis Formation is a Hesperian-aged sedimentary unit that mainly covers the Martian northern plains. Its environment of formation is uncertain but may be related to an ancient Martian ocean, outflow channel deposits, compac…

A Raman Spectroscopic and Microimage Analysis Perspective of the Chang'e‐5 Lunar Samples Open

Haijun Cao, Chen Wang, Jian Chen, Xiaochao Che, Xiaohui Fu , et al. · 2022

Geology Chemistry Physics

The Chang'e‐5 (CE‐5) materials represent the youngest returned lunar samples. We performed a detailed Raman spectroscopic survey (1259‐point Raman modal analysis) to evaluate the mineralogical characteristics of CE‐5 soils, constraining th…

A Martian Analogues Library (MAL) Applicable for Tianwen-1 MarSCoDe-LIBS Data Interpretation Open

Changqing Liu, Zhongchen Wu, Xiaohui Fu, Ping Liu, Yanqing Xin , et al. · 2022

Geology Physics

China’s first Mars exploration mission, named Tianwen-1, landed on Mars on 15 May 2021. The Mars Surface Composition Detector (MarSCoDe) payload onboard the Zhurong rover applied the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique to…

Liver transplantation for late-onset ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency: A case report Open

Xiaohui Fu, Yuhui Hu, Jianxiang Liao, Li Chen, Zhanqi Hu , et al. · 2022

Medicine Biology Physics

LT can significantly improve partial neurological impairment caused by late-onset OTCD hyperammonemic encephalopathy, and LT can be actively considered when early drug therapy is ineffective.

Radiative Transfer Modeling of Chang’e-4 Spectroscopic Observations and Interpretation of the South Pole-Aitken Compositional Anomaly Open

Jian Chen, Zongcheng Ling, Bradley L. Jolliff, Lingzhi Sun, Le Qiao , et al. · 2022

Geology Physics

Chang’e-4 landed in the Von Kármán basaltic zone affected by Finsen ejecta from the South Pole-Aitken (SPA) “compositional anomaly” (SPACA), providing an opportunity to untangle the origin of the SPACA. We developed a mineral abundance unm…

Regolith at Chang'E-5 landing site: mature lunar soils from Fe-rich and young mare basalts Open

X. Lu, Jian Chen, Zongcheng Ling, Changqing Liu, Xiaohui Fu , et al. · 2022

Geology Physics

Space weathering process on airless bodies produces metallic iron (Fe 0 ) particles widely existing in the rim and interior of mineral grains, which complicate visible and near-infrared spectra of surface materials. Although these space we…

Mars: new insights and unresolved questions – Corrigendum Open

H. G. Changela, Elias Chatzitheodoridis, André Antunes, David Beaty, Kristian Bouw , et al. · 2022

Computer science Physics Mathematics

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Understanding the mineralogy and geochemistry of Chang'E-5 soil and implications for its geological significances Open

Xiaohui Fu, Chengxiang Yin, Bradley L. Jolliff, Jiang Zhang, Jian Chen , et al. · 2022

Geology

Here we present the mineralogical and chemical data sources of Apollo, Luna, and Chang'E-5 (CE-5) missions. All the data are complied from previous studies. More reference details can be found in each excel files. Table S1 Modal mineralogy…

Mars: new insights and unresolved questions Open

H. G. Changela, Elias Chatzitheodoridis, André Antunes, David Beaty, Kristian Bouw , et al. · 2021

Environmental science Geology Computer science

Mars exploration motivates the search for extraterrestrial life, the development of space technologies, and the design of human missions and habitations. Here, we seek new insights and pose unresolved questions relating to the natural hist…

Geomorphology, Mineralogy, and Geochronology of Mare Basalts and Non-Mare Materials around the Lunar Crisium Basin Open

X. Lu, Haijun Cao, Zongcheng Ling, Xiaohui Fu, Le Qiao , et al. · 2021

Geology

The Nectarian-aged Crisium basin exhibits an extremely thin crust and complicated lunar geological history. This large multi-ring impact basin is characterized by prolonged lunar volcanism ranging from the Imbrian age to the Eratosthenian …

Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Dust Storm Activity in Chryse Planitia Using MGS-MOC Observations from Mars Years 24–28 Open

Bo Li, Zongyu Yue, Shaojie Qu, Peiwen Yao, Xiaohui Fu , et al. · 2021

Environmental science Geology Physics

Dust storms, observed in all seasons, are among the most momentous of Mars’ atmospheric activities. The Entry–Descent–Landing (EDL) activity of a Martian landing mission is influenced by local atmospheric conditions, especially the probabi…

Absolute model ages of three craters in the vicinity of the Chang'E-5 landing site and their geologic implications Open

Xuting Hou, Xiaohui Fu, Le Qiao, Bo Li, Chengxiang Yin , et al. · 2021

Geology Geography Biology

We used the Crater Size Frequency distribution (CSFD) method to yield the formation ages of Pythagora, Sharp B, and Harpalus crater, and the crater density values (N(1)). Here we provide the crater counting data.

Absolute model ages of three craters in the vicinity of the Chang'E-5 landing site and their geologic implications Open

Xuting Hou, Xiaohui Fu, Le Qiao, Bo Li, Chengxiang Yin , et al. · 2021

Geology Geography Biology

We used the Crater Size Frequency distribution (CSFD) method to yield the formation ages of Pythagora, Sharp B, and Harpalus crater, and the crater density values (N(1)). Here we provide the crater counting data.

A Mars Environment Chamber Coupled with Multiple In Situ Spectral Sensors for Mars Exploration Open

Zhongchen Wu, Zongcheng Ling, Jiang Zhang, Xiaohui Fu, Changqing Liu , et al. · 2021

Environmental science Materials science Geology

Laboratory simulation is the only feasible way to achieve Martian environmental conditions on Earth, establishing a key link between the laboratory and Mars exploration. The mineral phases of some Martian surface materials (especially hydr…

Earth Wind as a Possible Exogenous Source of Lunar Surface Hydration Open

Huizi Wang, J. Zhang, Quanqi Shi, Y. Saito, A. W. Degeling , et al. · 2021

Physics Biology

Understanding the sources of lunar water is crucial for studying the history of lunar evolution, as well as the interaction of solar wind with the Moon and other airless bodies. Recent orbital spectral observations revealed that the solar …

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