Xingbin Ai
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View article: Preclinical dose assessment of cyberknife with small animal intracranial irradiation using a 3D printed mouse phantom
Preclinical dose assessment of cyberknife with small animal intracranial irradiation using a 3D printed mouse phantom Open
View article: Epithelial Dysfunction in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: Mechanisms, Models and Emerging Therapies
Epithelial Dysfunction in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: Mechanisms, Models and Emerging Therapies Open
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a complex disorder whereby improper formation of the diaphragm allows herniation of the internal organs into the thoracic cavity, resulting in pulmonary hypoplasia among other complications. Althoug…
View article: Infant RSV infection desensitizes β2-adrenergic receptor via CXCL11-CXCR7 signaling in airway smooth muscle
Infant RSV infection desensitizes β2-adrenergic receptor via CXCL11-CXCR7 signaling in airway smooth muscle Open
Rationale Airflow obstruction refractory to β2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR) agonists is an important clinical feature of infant respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis, with limited treatment options. This resistance is often linked …
View article: Neurological complications of left atrial myxoma: a case report on stroke with left atrial myxoma and postoperative brain metastasis and cerebral aneurysm
Neurological complications of left atrial myxoma: a case report on stroke with left atrial myxoma and postoperative brain metastasis and cerebral aneurysm Open
Atrial myxoma is a rare benign tumor that can cause a variety of complications, including cerebral infarction. We present a case of a 52-year-old female patient who developed cerebral infarction caused by an atrial myxoma. The patient unde…
View article: Fetal Tracheal Occlusion Correlates with Normalized YAP Expression and Alveolar Epithelial Differentiation in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Fetal Tracheal Occlusion Correlates with Normalized YAP Expression and Alveolar Epithelial Differentiation in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Open
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is characterized by incomplete closure of the diaphragm. Although the ensuing compression to the fetal lung causes lung hypoplasia, specific cellular phenotypes and developmental signaling defects in t…
View article: Activation of STAT3-mediated ciliated cell survival protects against severe infection by respiratory syncytial virus
Activation of STAT3-mediated ciliated cell survival protects against severe infection by respiratory syncytial virus Open
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) selectively targets ciliated cells in human bronchial epithelium and can cause bronchiolitis and pneumonia, mostly in infants. To identify molecular targets of intervention during RSV infection in infants,…
View article: PLS3 missense variants affecting the actin-binding domains cause X-linked congenital diaphragmatic hernia and body-wall defects
PLS3 missense variants affecting the actin-binding domains cause X-linked congenital diaphragmatic hernia and body-wall defects Open
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a relatively common and genetically heterogeneous structural birth defect associated with high mortality and morbidity. We describe eight unrelated families with an X-linked condition characterized …
View article: Age-related STAT3 signaling regulates severity of respiratory syncytial viral infection in human bronchial epithelial cells
Age-related STAT3 signaling regulates severity of respiratory syncytial viral infection in human bronchial epithelial cells Open
SUMMARY Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can cause severe disease especially in infants; however, mechanisms of age-associated disease severity remain elusive. Here, employing human bronchial epithelium models generated from tracheal aspi…
View article: Airway Basal Stem Cells in COVID-19 Exhibit a Proinflammatory Signature and Impaired Mucocililary Differentiation
Airway Basal Stem Cells in COVID-19 Exhibit a Proinflammatory Signature and Impaired Mucocililary Differentiation Open
Airway basal stem cells (BSCs) play a critical role in epithelial regeneration. Whether coronavirus disease (COVID-19) affects BSC function is unknown. Here, we derived BSC lines from patients with COVID-19 using tracheal aspirates (TAs) t…
View article: Intrapulmonary arterial contraction assay reveals region-specific deregulation of vasoreactivity to lung injuries
Intrapulmonary arterial contraction assay reveals region-specific deregulation of vasoreactivity to lung injuries Open
Utilizing mouse precision-cut lung slices with preserved intrapulmonary vessels, we demonstrated a location-dependent structural and contractile regulation of pulmonary arteries in health and on noxious stimulations. For instance, chronic …
View article: Overactivated epithelial NF-κB disrupts lung development in human and nitrofen CDH
Overactivated epithelial NF-κB disrupts lung development in human and nitrofen CDH Open
Background & Objective Abnormal lung development is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), a common birth defect (1:2500) of largely unknown pathobiology. Recent studies discovered…
View article: Lung dopaminergic nerves facilitate the establishment of TH2 resident memory cells in early life
Lung dopaminergic nerves facilitate the establishment of TH2 resident memory cells in early life Open
View article: Human Airway Basal Cells Undergo Reversible Squamous Differentiation and Reshape Innate Immunity
Human Airway Basal Cells Undergo Reversible Squamous Differentiation and Reshape Innate Immunity Open
Histological and lineage immunofluorescence examination revealed that healthy conducting airways of humans and animals harbor sporadic poorly differentiated epithelial patches mostly in the dorsal noncartilage regions that remarkably manif…
View article: A Tracheal Aspirate-derived Airway Basal Cell Model Reveals a Proinflammatory Epithelial Defect in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
A Tracheal Aspirate-derived Airway Basal Cell Model Reveals a Proinflammatory Epithelial Defect in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Open
Rationale: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is characterized by incomplete closure of the diaphragm and lung hypoplasia. The pathophysiology of lung defects in CDH is poorly understood. Objectives: To establish a transla…
View article: The Maresin 1–LGR6 axis decreases respiratory syncytial virus-induced lung inflammation
The Maresin 1–LGR6 axis decreases respiratory syncytial virus-induced lung inflammation Open
The resolution of infection is an active process with specific molecular and cellular mechanisms that temper inflammation and enhance pathogen clearance. Here, the specialized pro-resolving mediator (SPM) Maresin 1 (MaR1) inhibited respira…
View article: A tracheal aspirate-derived airway basal cell model reveals a proinflammatory epithelial defect in congenital diaphragmatic hernia
A tracheal aspirate-derived airway basal cell model reveals a proinflammatory epithelial defect in congenital diaphragmatic hernia Open
Rationale Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is characterized by incomplete closure of the diaphragm and lung hypoplasia. The pathophysiology of lung defects in CDH is poorly understood. Objectives To establish a translational model of …
View article: Primary culture of tracheal aspirate-derived human airway basal stem cells
Primary culture of tracheal aspirate-derived human airway basal stem cells Open
Patient-specific airway basal stem cells (BSCs) can be derived from tracheal aspirate (TA) samples from intubated patients, thus providing an invaluable lung stem cell derivation method that bypasses the need for lung tissue. The primary c…
View article: Utilizing the Precision-Cut Lung Slice to Study the Contractile Regulation of Airway and Intrapulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle
Utilizing the Precision-Cut Lung Slice to Study the Contractile Regulation of Airway and Intrapulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle Open
Smooth muscle cells (SMC) mediate the contraction of the airway and the intrapulmonary artery to modify airflow resistance and pulmonary circulation, respectively, hence playing a critical role in the homeostasis of the pulmonary system. D…
View article: CD38 plays an age-related role in cholinergic deregulation of airway smooth muscle contractility
CD38 plays an age-related role in cholinergic deregulation of airway smooth muscle contractility Open
View article: Single-cell immunophenotyping of the fetal immune response to maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection in late gestation
Single-cell immunophenotyping of the fetal immune response to maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection in late gestation Open
View article: Primary culture of immature, naïve mouse CD4+ T cells
Primary culture of immature, naïve mouse CD4+ T cells Open
View article: Missense variants affecting the actin-binding domains of <i>PLS3</i> cause X-linked congenital diaphragmatic hernia and body wall defects
Missense variants affecting the actin-binding domains of <i>PLS3</i> cause X-linked congenital diaphragmatic hernia and body wall defects Open
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a relatively common and genetically heterogeneous structural birth defect associated with high mortality and morbidity. We describe eight unrelated families with a novel X-linked condition character…
View article: Yap/Taz inhibit goblet cell fate to maintain lung epithelial homeostasis
Yap/Taz inhibit goblet cell fate to maintain lung epithelial homeostasis Open
View article: Prematurity alters the progenitor cell program of the upper respiratory tract of neonates
Prematurity alters the progenitor cell program of the upper respiratory tract of neonates Open
View article: VEGF receptor 2 (KDR) protects airways from mucus metaplasia through a Sox9-dependent pathway
VEGF receptor 2 (KDR) protects airways from mucus metaplasia through a Sox9-dependent pathway Open
View article: Targeting Pathological Collagen Remodeling in the Airways Using Immune Cells
Targeting Pathological Collagen Remodeling in the Airways Using Immune Cells Open
Rationale: Excessive deposition of fibrillar collagen is a pathological feature of asthma, and there is evidence that suggests collagen accumulation in the airway extracellular matrix (ECM) contributes to disease progression.In healthy lun…
View article: Airway basal stem cells generate distinct subpopulations of PNECs
Airway basal stem cells generate distinct subpopulations of PNECs Open
Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNECs) have crucial roles in airway physiology and immunity by producing bioactive amines and neuropeptides (NPs). A variety of human diseases exhibit PNEC hyperplasia. Given accumulated evidence that PNECs …
View article: Inhibiting Airway Smooth Muscle Contraction Using Pitavastatin: A Role for the Mevalonate Pathway in Regulating Cytoskeletal Proteins
Inhibiting Airway Smooth Muscle Contraction Using Pitavastatin: A Role for the Mevalonate Pathway in Regulating Cytoskeletal Proteins Open
Despite maximal use of currently available therapies, a significant number of asthma patients continue to experience severe, and sometimes life-threatening bronchoconstriction. To fill this therapeutic gap, we examined a potential role for…
View article: Preserving Airway Smooth Muscle Contraction in Precision-Cut Lung Slices
Preserving Airway Smooth Muscle Contraction in Precision-Cut Lung Slices Open
Precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) are ideal for measuring small airway contraction. However, these measurements are currently limited to acute exposure scenarios that typically last a few minutes to a few hours. Using an insulin-supplemente…
View article: Tissue traction microscopy to quantify muscle contraction within precision-cut lung slices
Tissue traction microscopy to quantify muscle contraction within precision-cut lung slices Open
In asthma, acute bronchospasm is driven by contractile forces of airway smooth muscle (ASM). These forces can be imaged in the cultured ASM cell or assessed in the muscle strip and the tracheal/bronchial ring, but in each case, the ASM is …