Yohai Kaspi
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View article: Quasi-invariance of tropical meridional surface temperature gradient in a wide range of climates
Quasi-invariance of tropical meridional surface temperature gradient in a wide range of climates Open
Compared to the well-known polar amplification in a warmer or cooler world, the trend of tropical surface air temperature gradient is frequently overlooked. Through analyzing various observations, assimilation data, proxy data, and modelin…
View article: Probing Jupiter's Atmosphere Through Juno Radio Occultations: Analysis of the Atmospheric Thermal Structure
Probing Jupiter's Atmosphere Through Juno Radio Occultations: Analysis of the Atmospheric Thermal Structure Open
The upper layers of Jupiter's atmosphere, offering critical insights into the planet's deeper structure, are accessible through radio occultation experiments. Since July 2023, NASA's Juno extended mission has provided the first high‐resolu…
View article: Dynamical constraints on the vertical structure of Jupiter’s polar cyclones
Dynamical constraints on the vertical structure of Jupiter’s polar cyclones Open
Jupiter’s poles feature striking polygons of cyclones that drift westward over time, a motion governed by -drift (vortex motion caused by the latitudinal variation of the Coriolis force). This study investigates how -drift and the resu…
View article: From gas to ice giants: A unified mechanism for equatorial jets
From gas to ice giants: A unified mechanism for equatorial jets Open
The equatorial jets dominating the dynamics of the Jovian planets exhibit two distinct types of zonal flows: strongly eastward in the gas giants (superrotation) and strongly westward in the ice giants (subrotation). Existing theories propo…
View article: An idealized general circulation model for the atmospheric circulation on the ice giants
An idealized general circulation model for the atmospheric circulation on the ice giants Open
Uranus and Neptune are the least explored planets in the Solar System. A key question regarding the two planets is the similarity of their observed flows despite the great differences in their obliquity and internal heating. To answer this…
View article: An idealized general circulation model for the atmospheric circulation on the ice giants
An idealized general circulation model for the atmospheric circulation on the ice giants Open
Uranus and Neptune are the least explored planets in the Solar System. A key question regarding the two planets is the similarity of their observed flows despite the great differences in their obliquity and internal heating. To answer this…
View article: Heating the land cools the eastern and equatorial Pacific
Heating the land cools the eastern and equatorial Pacific Open
The unresolved recent multidecadal cooling of the eastern Pacific and its uncertain future remain key puzzles in climate dynamics. We propose the land-sea heating contrast as a potential driver of this phenomenon. To test this, we delibera…
View article: The shape of Jupiter redefined by Juno
The shape of Jupiter redefined by Juno Open
Jupiter, the fastest-rotating planet in the Solar System, exhibits a pronounced equatorial bulge, with its equatorial radius exceeding the polar radius by approximately 7%. This oblate shape reflects the combined effects of rapid rotation,…
View article: Characterization of Jupiter’s Ionosphere using Juno’s Radio Occultation Measurements
Characterization of Jupiter’s Ionosphere using Juno’s Radio Occultation Measurements Open
The Juno spacecraft, currently in orbit around Jupiter, provides a unique opportunity to investigate the planet’s atmospheric and ionospheric structure through radio occultation experiments. This study presents an analysis of radio signals…
View article: The phase of Venus’s surface thermal tide simulated with a Venus PCM
The phase of Venus’s surface thermal tide simulated with a Venus PCM Open
Venus’s atmosphere is characterized by pronounced thermal tides, which have been extensively studied at the cloud level through direct observations and numerical simulations. There, a semi-diurnal tide dominates the equatorial region and a…
View article: The Dynamics of Jupiter’s Polar Cyclones
The Dynamics of Jupiter’s Polar Cyclones Open
The poles of Jupiter are hidden from the view of Earth-orbiting and solar-plane satellites. In 2016, the arrival of the Juno spacecraft into a pole-to-pole orbit around Jupiter provided the first direct images of the Jovian poles, revealin…
View article: An idealized general circulation model for the atmospheric circulation on Ice Giants
An idealized general circulation model for the atmospheric circulation on Ice Giants Open
Uranus and Neptune are the most distant planets in the Solar System, and consequently, our observational data on them is limited. In recent years, several mission concepts have been proposed to explore these ice giants. For such missions t…
View article: From Gas to Ice Giants: A Unified Mechanism for Equatorial Jets
From Gas to Ice Giants: A Unified Mechanism for Equatorial Jets Open
The equatorial jets dominating the dynamics of the Jovian planets exhibit two distinct types of zonal flows: strongly eastward (superrotation) and strongly westward (subrotation). Existing theories propose different mechanisms for these pa…
View article: From Jupiter to Saturn: Characterizing Interior Structures with Machine Learning
From Jupiter to Saturn: Characterizing Interior Structures with Machine Learning Open
Understanding the interiors of both Jupiter and Saturn is essential for building a consistent picture of giant planet formation and evolution. While the two planets share many similarities, each provides unique observational windows into i…
View article: Analysis of Jupiter's Atmosphere Using Juno's Radio Occultations
Analysis of Jupiter's Atmosphere Using Juno's Radio Occultations Open
The shallow layers of Jupiter’s atmosphere, the only region accessible to in-situ measurements, offer critical insights into the planet’s deeper structure. Radio occultation experiments are a powerful tool for investigating these layers, r…
View article: A Lagrangian Perspective on the Growth of Midlatitude Storms
A Lagrangian Perspective on the Growth of Midlatitude Storms Open
Extratropical storms dominate midlatitude climate and weather and are known to grow baroclinically and decay barotropically. Traditionally, quantitative climatic measures of storm activity have been mostly based on Eulerian measures, takin…
View article: Fluorescent Biomolecules Detectable in Near-Surface Ice on Europa
Fluorescent Biomolecules Detectable in Near-Surface Ice on Europa Open
Europa, Jupiter's second Galilean moon, is believed to host a subsurface ocean in contact with a rocky mantle, where hydrothermal activity may drive the synthesis of organic molecules. Among these possible organic molecules, abiotic synthe…
View article: Geodetic Modeling of Gas Giants: An Integrated Approach Applied to Jupiter
Geodetic Modeling of Gas Giants: An Integrated Approach Applied to Jupiter Open
Geodetic calculations concerning gaseous giants hold great importance in planetary astrophysics and fundamental physics, as they provide critical insights into planetary structure, dynamics, and evolution. Advancing our understanding of th…
View article: Quantifying the Internal Variability of Midlatitude Storms Using Deep Learning
Quantifying the Internal Variability of Midlatitude Storms Using Deep Learning Open
Extratropical storms shape midlatitude weather and are influenced by both the slowly evolving climate and rapid changes in synoptic conditions. While the impact of each factor has been extensively studied, their relative importance remains…
View article: Radio Occultations with Juno: Unveiling the Structure of Jupiter’s Polar Atmosphere and Ionosphere
Radio Occultations with Juno: Unveiling the Structure of Jupiter’s Polar Atmosphere and Ionosphere Open
The Juno extended mission (2023–2025) offers a unique opportunity to study Jupiter’s atmosphere by radio occultations. In these experiments, the atmospheric refractivity and the bending angle affecting a radio signal crossing a…
View article: A mechanism for equatorial jet formation on ice giants
A mechanism for equatorial jet formation on ice giants Open
The equatorial jets observed on the Jovian planets - Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune - exhibit extreme equatorial zonal flow patterns, manifesting as either strongly prograde (in the gas giants) or strongly retrograde (in the ice gian…
View article: Positive forcing over land cools the Eastern Pacific Ocean
Positive forcing over land cools the Eastern Pacific Ocean Open
We set out to disentangle the impacts of forcing over land vs. forcing over ocean on the sea surface temperature (SST) pattern. Based on previous research showing that forcings over land and ocean have distinct impacts on the circulation, …
View article: Fluorescent Biomolecules Detectable in Near-Surface Ice on Europa
Fluorescent Biomolecules Detectable in Near-Surface Ice on Europa Open
Europa, Jupiter's second Galilean moon, is believed to host a subsurface ocean in contact with a rocky mantle, where hydrothermal activity may drive the synthesis of organic molecules. Of these, abiotic synthesis of aromatic amino acids is…
View article: Dynamical Constraints on the Vertical Structure of Jupiter's Polar Cyclones
Dynamical Constraints on the Vertical Structure of Jupiter's Polar Cyclones Open
Jupiter’s poles feature striking polygons of cyclones, each drifting westward over time—a motion governed by an average β-drift. This study investigates how β-drift and the resulting westward motion depend on the dept…
View article: Characterizing Jupiter's interior using machine learning reveals four key structures
Characterizing Jupiter's interior using machine learning reveals four key structures Open
Understanding Jupiter's internal structure is crucial for uncovering its formation and evolutionary history, providing valuable constraints that have broader implications for other giant planets and the Solar System. The primary observatio…
View article: The shape of Jupiter in light of the Juno radio occultation measurements
The shape of Jupiter in light of the Juno radio occultation measurements Open
The shape of Jupiter is determined primarily by the planet’s rotation rate. Additionally, its interior density distribution plays an important role in defining its detailed shape. These characteristics can be used to calculate the gr…
View article: Dynamical constraints on the vertical structure of Jupiter's polar cyclones
Dynamical constraints on the vertical structure of Jupiter's polar cyclones Open
Jupiter's poles feature striking polygons of cyclones that drift westward over time, a motion governed by beta-drift (vortex motion caused by the latitudinal variation of the Coriolis force). This study investigates how beta-drift and the …
View article: Characterizing Jupiter's interior using machine learning reveals four key structures
Characterizing Jupiter's interior using machine learning reveals four key structures Open
The internal structure of Jupiter is constrained by the precise gravity field measurements by NASA's Juno mission, atmospheric data from the Galileo entry probe, and Voyager radio occultations. Not only are these observations few compared …