Crop wild relatives (CWRs) are invaluable for crop improvement. Among these, Hordeum I-genome species exhibit exceptional tolerance to alkali and salt stresses. Here we present a chromosome-scale genome assembly of Hordeum brevisubulatum (II, 2n = 2x =14) and genome resequencing of 38 diploid germplasms spanning 7 I-genome species. We reveal that the adaptive evolution of the H. brevisubulatum genome is shaped by structural variations, some of which may contribute to its adaptation to high alkali and salt environm…

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is a globally prevalent but intractable disease lacking effective pharmacotherapies. Here, we performed an integrated multilayered screening for pathogenic genes and druggable targets for MASH. We identified the subclass of metabolite-sensing G protein-coupled receptors, specifically GPR31, a critical contributor to MASH occurrence, which, to our knowledge, was previously uncharacterized. Mechanistically, Gαi3 is the essential downstream effector for the pro-…

Plasma-derived exosomal HER2 might serve as a promising biomarker for distinguishing breast cancer from benign breast disease, screening patients who could benefit from HER2-targeted therapy, and monitoring neoadjuvant therapy.

PBC-specific antibodies, along with elevated ALP and GGT levels, may occur in various non-PBC diseases. Etiological treatments may improve or even resolve cholestatic biochemistry. For these patients, initiating etiological treatment rather than immediately starting ursodeoxycholic acid therapy would be justified.

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a major infectious complication in the neurologic intensive care unit (NICU). VAP caused by multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens is related to poor clinical outcomes. This study investigates the relationship between early plasma cytokine profiles and the development of MDR VAP following neurosurgery. We retrospectively analyzed neurosurgical patients admitted to the NICU who developed VAP between January 2021 and January 2024. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve…