Yoshihiro Kawaoka
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View article: A divergent betacoronavirus with a functional furin cleavage site in South American bats
A divergent betacoronavirus with a functional furin cleavage site in South American bats Open
Bats are natural reservoirs for a wide range of RNA viruses. Members of the genus Betacoronavirus , including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome virus (MERS-CoV), have attracted part…
View article: Unexpected Detection of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus in bovine semen from a bull used for natural breeding on an affected dairy farm
Unexpected Detection of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus in bovine semen from a bull used for natural breeding on an affected dairy farm Open
Since March 2024, HPAI H5N1 virus has infected dairy cattle in the U.S., prompting concern about novel transmission routes. During an outbreak in California, HPAI H5N1 RNA was detected in an asymptomatic bull’s semen. Although infectious v…
View article: Influenza vaccine based on AS03-adjuvanted chimeric HA induces long-lived stalk-specific plasma cells in bone marrow and lymph nodes of nonhuman primates
Influenza vaccine based on AS03-adjuvanted chimeric HA induces long-lived stalk-specific plasma cells in bone marrow and lymph nodes of nonhuman primates Open
View article: Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron lineages shifted antibody-mediated protection curves
Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron lineages shifted antibody-mediated protection curves Open
Antibody dynamics models are analytical frameworks that probabilistically link changes in antibody titer timeseries to exposures. To date, antibody dynamics models have not been applied to SARS-CoV-2 datasets and have not incorporated obse…
View article: In Vivo Evolution of Monoclonal Antibody CR3022 to Achieve Cross-Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 and Implications for Vaccine Strategies Against SARS-Related Viruses
In Vivo Evolution of Monoclonal Antibody CR3022 to Achieve Cross-Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 and Implications for Vaccine Strategies Against SARS-Related Viruses Open
The epitope that monoclonal CR3022 binds to represents a promising target for broad protection against a wide range of human and zoonotic coronaviruses. We developed a powerful model to evaluate antibody affinity maturation in vivo using i…
View article: Structural basis of broad protection against influenza virus by human antibodies targeting the neuraminidase active site via a recurring motif in CDR H3
Structural basis of broad protection against influenza virus by human antibodies targeting the neuraminidase active site via a recurring motif in CDR H3 Open
View article: Merbecovirus S2 subunit vaccines elicit cross reactive antibodies and provide partial protection against MERS coronavirus
Merbecovirus S2 subunit vaccines elicit cross reactive antibodies and provide partial protection against MERS coronavirus Open
View article: Phylogenetic analysis of H5N1 influenza viruses isolated from dairy cattle in Texas in December 2024
Phylogenetic analysis of H5N1 influenza viruses isolated from dairy cattle in Texas in December 2024 Open
View article: Susceptibility and shedding in Mx1+ and Mx1− female mice experimentally infected with dairy cattle A(H5N1) influenza viruses
Susceptibility and shedding in Mx1+ and Mx1− female mice experimentally infected with dairy cattle A(H5N1) influenza viruses Open
View article: A single residue change only differing by an atomic group can drive imprinting to influenza
A single residue change only differing by an atomic group can drive imprinting to influenza Open
First described as original antigenic sin (OAS), which is deleterious, or now immune imprinting, which also accounts for beneficial effects, it is clear that immune responses to viruses tend to be biased by previous exposure to similar str…
View article: Efficacy of baloxavir marboxil against bovine H5N1 virus in mice
Efficacy of baloxavir marboxil against bovine H5N1 virus in mice Open
Since the first detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 (clade 2.3.4.4b) in U.S. dairy cattle in early 2024, the virus has spread rapidly, posing a major public health concern as the number of human cases continues to ri…
View article: An mRNA vaccine encoding the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB.1.5 receptor-binding domain protects mice from the JN.1 variant
An mRNA vaccine encoding the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB.1.5 receptor-binding domain protects mice from the JN.1 variant Open
View article: The NSP6-L260F substitution in SARS-CoV-2 BQ.1.1 and XBB.1.16 lineages compensates for the reduced viral polymerase activity caused by mutations in NSP13 and NSP14
The NSP6-L260F substitution in SARS-CoV-2 BQ.1.1 and XBB.1.16 lineages compensates for the reduced viral polymerase activity caused by mutations in NSP13 and NSP14 Open
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variants emerged at the end of 2021, and their subvariants are still circulating worldwide. While changes in the S protein of these variants have been extensively studied…
View article: SARS-CoV-2 virus lacking the envelope and membrane open-reading frames as a vaccine platform
SARS-CoV-2 virus lacking the envelope and membrane open-reading frames as a vaccine platform Open
View article: Targeted protein degraders of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro are more active than enzymatic inhibition alone with activity against nirmatrelvir resistant virus
Targeted protein degraders of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro are more active than enzymatic inhibition alone with activity against nirmatrelvir resistant virus Open
This work demonstrates the feasibility of generating degraders from viral protein inhibitors, and confirms that degraders possess higher antiviral potency and activity against resistant virus, compared to size matched non-degrading enzymat…
View article: Gut Microbiota and Parasite Dynamics in an Amazonian Community Undergoing Urbanization in Colombia
Gut Microbiota and Parasite Dynamics in an Amazonian Community Undergoing Urbanization in Colombia Open
Studies on human gut microbiota have recently highlighted a significant decline in bacterial diversity associated with urbanization, driven by shifts toward processed diets, increased antibiotic usage, and improved sanitation practices. Th…
View article: A global collaboration for systematic analysis of broad-ranging antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein
A global collaboration for systematic analysis of broad-ranging antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein Open
The Coronavirus Immunotherapeutic Consortium (CoVIC) conducted side-by-side comparisons of over 400 anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike therapeutic antibody candidates contributed by large and small companies as well as academic groups on multiple conti…
View article: Transmission of bovine H5N1 virus in a hamster model
Transmission of bovine H5N1 virus in a hamster model Open
View article: 104 Using noninvasive bioaerosol sampling to characterize human-to-human transmission of influenza virus in a controlled exposure setting
104 Using noninvasive bioaerosol sampling to characterize human-to-human transmission of influenza virus in a controlled exposure setting Open
Objectives/Goals: Mathematical models of airborne virus transmission lack supporting field and clinical data such as viral aerosol emission rates and airborne infectious doses. Here, we aim to measure inhalation exposure to influenza aeros…
View article: Potent bivalent nanobody constructs that protect against the SARS-CoV-2 XBB variant
Potent bivalent nanobody constructs that protect against the SARS-CoV-2 XBB variant Open
Most antibody-based therapeutics approved for SARS-CoV-2 treatment have shown greatly reduced neutralization activity against emerging Omicron variants. To target recent Omicron variants, we developed XBB-specific antibody-like therapeutic…
View article: Impact of COVID‐19 on Respiratory Virus Infections in Children, Japan, 2018–2023
Impact of COVID‐19 on Respiratory Virus Infections in Children, Japan, 2018–2023 Open
Background COVID‐19, caused by SARS‐CoV‐2, was first documented in Japan in January 2020. We previously reported an increased risk of rhinovirus infections among children during the early phase of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Here, we assessed t…
View article: Amino acid substitutions in NSP6 and NSP13 of SARS-CoV-2 contribute to superior virus growth at low temperatures
Amino acid substitutions in NSP6 and NSP13 of SARS-CoV-2 contribute to superior virus growth at low temperatures Open
In general, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) replicates well at 37°C, which is the temperature of the human lower respiratory tract, but it poorly at 30°C‒32°C, which is the temperature of the human upper respir…
View article: Anti-Ebola virus mAb 3A6 protects highly viremic animals from fatal outcome via binding GP(1,2) in a position elevated from the virion membrane
Anti-Ebola virus mAb 3A6 protects highly viremic animals from fatal outcome via binding GP(1,2) in a position elevated from the virion membrane Open
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against Ebola virus (EBOV) glycoprotein (GP 1,2 ) are the standard of care for Ebola virus disease (EVD). Anti-GP 1,2 mAbs targeting the stalk and membrane proximal external region (MPER) potently neutralize EB…
View article: Diversifying T-cell responses: safeguarding against pandemic influenza with mosaic nucleoprotein
Diversifying T-cell responses: safeguarding against pandemic influenza with mosaic nucleoprotein Open
Pre-existing T-cell responses have been linked to reduced disease severity and better clinical outcomes during the 2009 influenza pandemic and the recent COVID-19 pandemic. We hypothesized that diversifying T-cell responses, particularly t…
View article: An XBB.1.5-based inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine partially protects against XBB.1.5 and JN.1 strains in hamsters
An XBB.1.5-based inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine partially protects against XBB.1.5 and JN.1 strains in hamsters Open
The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2.86 variant and its descendant lineages, including JN.1, are rapidly spreading and becoming dominant globally. Vaccination is an essential primary preventative measure. While mRNA vaccines have been widely used w…
View article: P-2063. Safety and Immunogenicity of Booster Vaccination Against COVID-19 with Whole-SARS-CoV-2-Virion Inactivated Vaccine KD-414: A Phase 1 Trial in Japan
P-2063. Safety and Immunogenicity of Booster Vaccination Against COVID-19 with Whole-SARS-CoV-2-Virion Inactivated Vaccine KD-414: A Phase 1 Trial in Japan Open
Background SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines induce effective immunity, but wane over time. With COVID-19 now endemic, there is a growing population with hybrid immunity. Booster immunization with a vaccine that offers fewer adverse events and sust…
View article: G-quadruplex-forming small RNA inhibits coronavirus and influenza A virus replication
G-quadruplex-forming small RNA inhibits coronavirus and influenza A virus replication Open
Future pandemic threats may be caused by novel coronaviruses and influenza A viruses. Here we show that when directly added to a cell culture, 12mer guanine RNA (G12) and its phosphorothioate-linked derivatives (G12(S)), rapidly entered cy…
View article: Neutrophil adhesion to vessel walls impairs pulmonary circulation in COVID-19 pathology
Neutrophil adhesion to vessel walls impairs pulmonary circulation in COVID-19 pathology Open
View article: Highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza A virus replication in ex vivo cultures of bovine mammary gland and teat tissues
Highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza A virus replication in ex vivo cultures of bovine mammary gland and teat tissues Open
Since early 2024, highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses have been causing outbreaks in dairy cattle in the United States. Here, we compared the replicative capacity of A/dairy cattle/Texas/24-008749-001/2024 (H5N1; Cow-H5N1) isola…
View article: Multivalent S2 subunit vaccines provide broad protection against Clade 1 sarbecoviruses in female mice
Multivalent S2 subunit vaccines provide broad protection against Clade 1 sarbecoviruses in female mice Open
The continuing emergence of immune evasive SARS-CoV-2 variants and the previous SARS-CoV-1 outbreak collectively underscore the need for broadly protective sarbecovirus vaccines. Targeting the conserved S2 subunit of SARS-CoV-2 is a partic…