Ching‐Yu Cheng
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View article: Metabolic obesity phenotypes and their transitions as determinants of multimorbidity trajectories: evidence from global aging cohorts
Metabolic obesity phenotypes and their transitions as determinants of multimorbidity trajectories: evidence from global aging cohorts Open
View article: An integrated language-vision foundation model for conversational diagnostics and triaging in primary eye care
An integrated language-vision foundation model for conversational diagnostics and triaging in primary eye care Open
View article: Epigenome-Wide Association Study in Asian Cohort Identifies Novel DNA Methylation Markers for Carotid Intima-Media Thickness
Epigenome-Wide Association Study in Asian Cohort Identifies Novel DNA Methylation Markers for Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Open
2. ABSTRACT Background Carotid-intima media-thickness predicts cardiovascular events and informs mechanistic research on cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, CVD research remains Eurocentric despite etiological differences across ancest…
View article: Proteome atlas for mechanistic discovery and risk prediction of diabetic retinopathy
Proteome atlas for mechanistic discovery and risk prediction of diabetic retinopathy Open
View article: Optic disc morphometrics as a potential ocular biomarker for depression: evidence from two cross-sectional cohort studies
Optic disc morphometrics as a potential ocular biomarker for depression: evidence from two cross-sectional cohort studies Open
View article: EVLF-FM: Explainable Vision Language Foundation Model for Medicine
EVLF-FM: Explainable Vision Language Foundation Model for Medicine Open
Despite the promise of foundation models in medical AI, current systems remain limited - they are modality-specific and lack transparent reasoning processes, hindering clinical adoption. To address this gap, we present EVLF-FM, a multimoda…
View article: Novel eGFR equations and cardiovascular outcomes in a multiethnic Asian cohort
Novel eGFR equations and cardiovascular outcomes in a multiethnic Asian cohort Open
Background Novel creatinine-based glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimating equations were proposed for chronic kidney disease (CKD) evaluation but their comparative ability to predict mortality and cardiovascular events is less establis…
View article: Human-like Content Analysis for Generative AI with Language-Grounded Sparse Encoders
Human-like Content Analysis for Generative AI with Language-Grounded Sparse Encoders Open
The rapid development of generative AI has transformed content creation, communication, and human development. However, this technology raises profound concerns in high-stakes domains, demanding rigorous methods to analyze and evaluate AI-…
View article: Functionally deficient UBOX5 variants and primary angle-closure glaucoma
Functionally deficient UBOX5 variants and primary angle-closure glaucoma Open
Primary angle-closure glaucoma is a major cause of irreversible blindness worldwide afflicting >20 million people. Through whole exome sequencing, we analysed the association between gene-based burden of rare, protein-altering genetic vari…
View article: FusionFM: Fusing Eye-specific Foundational Models for Optimized Ophthalmic Diagnosis
FusionFM: Fusing Eye-specific Foundational Models for Optimized Ophthalmic Diagnosis Open
Foundation models (FMs) have shown great promise in medical image analysis by improving generalization across diverse downstream tasks. In ophthalmology, several FMs have recently emerged, but there is still no clear answer to fundamental …
View article: Multi-ancestry polygenic risk scores for the prediction of type 2 diabetes and complications in diverse ancestries
Multi-ancestry polygenic risk scores for the prediction of type 2 diabetes and complications in diverse ancestries Open
Summary Background Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) improve type 2 diabetes (T2D) prediction beyond clinical risk factors but perform poorly in non-European populations, where T2D burden is often higher, undermining their global clinical utili…
View article: AI Workflow, External Validation, and Development in Eye Disease Diagnosis
AI Workflow, External Validation, and Development in Eye Disease Diagnosis Open
Importance Timely disease diagnosis is challenging due to limited clinical availability and growing burdens. Although artificial intelligence (AI) has shown expert-level diagnostic accuracy, a lack of downstream accountability, including w…
View article: Cross-national differences in the association between estimated cardiorespiratory fitness and depressive symptoms among older adults: findings from three nationwide cohort studies
Cross-national differences in the association between estimated cardiorespiratory fitness and depressive symptoms among older adults: findings from three nationwide cohort studies Open
A higher level of eCRF was associated with reduced depressive symptoms risk in the US (HRS) and England (ELSA) older adults but with increased risk in China (CHARLS), emphasizing the need for nation-specific public health strategies.
View article: Enhancing diagnostic accuracy in rare and common fundus diseases with a knowledge-rich vision-language model
Enhancing diagnostic accuracy in rare and common fundus diseases with a knowledge-rich vision-language model Open
Previous foundation models for fundus images were pre-trained with limited disease categories and knowledge base. Here we introduce RetiZero, a vision-language model that incorporates knowledge from over 400 fundus diseases. The model is p…
View article: Correlation Between Oral Health Behaviors and the Susceptibility to Cognitive Function Impairment in the Taiwanese Older Population
Correlation Between Oral Health Behaviors and the Susceptibility to Cognitive Function Impairment in the Taiwanese Older Population Open
View article: Rate of brain aging associates with future executive function in Asian children and older adults
Rate of brain aging associates with future executive function in Asian children and older adults Open
Brain age has emerged as a powerful tool to understand neuroanatomical aging and its link to health outcomes like cognition. However, there remains a lack of studies investigating the rate of brain aging and its relationship to cognition. …
View article: Author response: Rate of brain aging associates with future executive function in Asian children and older adults
Author response: Rate of brain aging associates with future executive function in Asian children and older adults Open
View article: A deep learning system for detecting silent brain infarction and predicting stroke risk
A deep learning system for detecting silent brain infarction and predicting stroke risk Open
View article: Vision transformer-based stratification of pre/diabetic and pre/hypertensive patients from retinal photographs for 3PM applications
Vision transformer-based stratification of pre/diabetic and pre/hypertensive patients from retinal photographs for 3PM applications Open
View article: Metabolic Obesity Phenotypes and Their Transitions as Determinants of Multimorbidity Trajectories: Evidence from Global Aging Cohorts
Metabolic Obesity Phenotypes and Their Transitions as Determinants of Multimorbidity Trajectories: Evidence from Global Aging Cohorts Open
Objective: The high prevalence of multimorbidity poses significant challenges to the health burden of the elderly population and healthcare systems, understanding its trajectories is critical for intervention strategies. Metabolic obesity …
View article: Non-invasive biopsy diagnosis of diabetic kidney disease via deep learning applied to retinal images: a population-based study
Non-invasive biopsy diagnosis of diabetic kidney disease via deep learning applied to retinal images: a population-based study Open
National Key R & D Program of China, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Beijing Natural Science Foundation, Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai Research Centre for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative res…
View article: A Clinician-Friendly Platform for Ophthalmic Image Analysis Without Technical Barriers
A Clinician-Friendly Platform for Ophthalmic Image Analysis Without Technical Barriers Open
Artificial intelligence (AI) shows remarkable potential in medical imaging diagnostics, yet most current models require retraining when applied across different clinical settings, limiting their scalability. We introduce GlobeReady, a clin…
View article: Author Correction: Identification of genetic effects underlying type 2 diabetes in South Asian and European populations
Author Correction: Identification of genetic effects underlying type 2 diabetes in South Asian and European populations Open
View article: Identification of genetic effects underlying type 2 diabetes in South Asian and European populations
Identification of genetic effects underlying type 2 diabetes in South Asian and European populations Open
View article: Can off-the-shelf visual large language models detect and diagnose ocular diseases from retinal photographs?
Can off-the-shelf visual large language models detect and diagnose ocular diseases from retinal photographs? Open
Background The advent of generative artificial intelligence has led to the emergence of multiple vision large language models (VLLMs). This study aimed to evaluate the capabilities of commonly available VLLMs, such as OpenAI’s GPT-4V and G…
View article: National Scale Genomic Engine for Precision Medicine: Singapore PRECISE-SG100K Experience
National Scale Genomic Engine for Precision Medicine: Singapore PRECISE-SG100K Experience Open
Precision medicine (PM) research in recent years has witnessed a remarkable surge in large-scale population genomics programs. In 2017, Singapore initiated the National Precision Medicine (NPM) program, a three-phase national strategy driv…
View article: Oculomics: Current concepts and evidence
Oculomics: Current concepts and evidence Open
The eye provides novel insights into general health, as well as pathogenesis and development of systemic diseases. In the past decade, growing evidence has demonstrated that the eye's structure and function mirror multiple systemic health …
View article: A deep‐learning retinal aging biomarker for cognitive decline and incident dementia
A deep‐learning retinal aging biomarker for cognitive decline and incident dementia Open
INTRODUCTION The utility of retinal photography‐derived aging biomarkers for predicting cognitive decline remains under‐explored. METHODS A memory‐clinic cohort in Singapore was followed‐up for 5 years. RetiPhenoAge, a retinal aging biomar…
View article: Nuclear regulatory disturbances precede and predict the development of Type-2 diabetes in Asian populations
Nuclear regulatory disturbances precede and predict the development of Type-2 diabetes in Asian populations Open
To identify biomarkers and pathways to Type-2 diabetes (T2D), a major global disease, we completed array-based epigenome-wide association in whole blood in 5,709 Asian people. We found 323 Sentinel CpGs (from 314 genetic loci) that predict…
View article: Author response: Rate of brain aging associates with future executive function in Asian children and older adults
Author response: Rate of brain aging associates with future executive function in Asian children and older adults Open