Explanipedia

CLIP is Strong Enough to Fight Back: Test-time Counterattacks towards Zero-shot Adversarial Robustness of CLIP Open

Songlong Xing, Zhengyu Zhao, Nicu Sebe · 2025

Prediction Inconsistency Helps Achieve Generalizable Detection of Adversarial Examples Open

Sicong Han, Chenhao Lin, Zhengyu Zhao, Xiyuan Wang, Xinlei He , et al. · 2025

Adversarial detection protects models from adversarial attacks by refusing suspicious test samples. However, current detection methods often suffer from weak generalization: their effectiveness tends to degrade significantly when applied t…

Adversarially Robust AI-Generated Image Detection for Free: An Information Theoretic Perspective Open

Ruixuan Zhang, He Wang, Zhengyu Zhao, Zhiqing Guo, Xun Yang , et al. · 2025

Rapid advances in Artificial Intelligence Generated Images (AIGI) have facilitated malicious use, such as forgery and misinformation. Therefore, numerous methods have been proposed to detect fake images. Although such detectors have been p…

Large-Scale Monitoring of Potatoes Late Blight Using Multi-Source Time-Series Data and Google Earth Engine Open

Zelong Chi, Hong Chen, Sheng Chang, Zhao-Liang Li, Lingling Ma , et al. · 2025

Effective monitoring and management of potato late blight (PLB) is essential for sustainable agriculture. This study describes a methodology to improve PLB identification on a large scale. The method combines unsupervised and supervised ma…

CLIP is Strong Enough to Fight Back: Test-time Counterattacks towards Zero-shot Adversarial Robustness of CLIP Open

Songlong Xing, Zhengyu Zhao, Nicu Sebe · 2025

Despite its prevalent use in image-text matching tasks in a zero-shot manner, CLIP has been shown to be highly vulnerable to adversarial perturbations added onto images. Recent studies propose to finetune the vision encoder of CLIP with ad…

Mapping Coastal Soil Salinity and Vegetation Dynamics Using Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 Data Fusion With Machine Learning Techniques Open

Wen Liu, Tiezhu Shi, Zhengyu Zhao, Chao Yang · 2025

Coastal regions are vulnerable ecosystems where monitoring soil salinity and vegetation coverage dynamics is critical for environmental management and conservation. This study introduces a multisensor data fusion approach, integrating Sent…

Nullu: Mitigating Object Hallucinations in Large Vision-Language Models via HalluSpace Projection Open

Le Yang, Ziwei Zheng, Baoliang Chen, Zhengyu Zhao, Chenhao Lin , et al. · 2024

Recent studies have shown that large vision-language models (LVLMs) often suffer from the issue of object hallucinations (OH). To mitigate this issue, we introduce an efficient method that edits the model weights based on an unsafe subspac…

The propagation-induced circular polarization of fast radio bursts in relativistic plasma Open

Zhengyu Zhao, F. Y. Wang · 2024

Although the physical origin of fast radio bursts (FRBs) remains unknown, magnetars are the most likely candidates. The polarization properties of FRBs offer crucial insights into their origins and radiation mechanisms. Significant circula…

Statistical Characteristics of Spread F in the Northeastern Edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during 2017–2022 Open

Zhichao Liu, Chun-Hua Jiang, Tongxin Liu, Lehui Wei, Guobin Yang , et al. · 2024

Spread F (SF) in the ionosphere can be observed frequently in mid-latitude regions. It is suggested that atmospheric gravity waves play a significant role for the seeding of mid-latitude SF. Previous research suggested that the source of t…

Numerical simulation of the equatorial plasma bubble: the effect of seeding by the vertical winds and random background noise perturbations Open

Yunzhou Zhu, Qiong Tang, Tong Xu, Yi Liu, Chen Zhou , et al. · 2023

A wide variety of small-amplitude waves widely exist in the ionosphere and have significant effects on the evolution of equatorial plasma bubbles. In this paper, we simulated equatorial plasma bubbles (EPB) seeded by vertical neutral wind …

Prompt Backdoors in Visual Prompt Learning Open

Hai Huang, Zhengyu Zhao, Michael Backes, Yun Shen, Yang Zhang · 2023

Fine-tuning large pre-trained computer vision models is infeasible for resource-limited users. Visual prompt learning (VPL) has thus emerged to provide an efficient and flexible alternative to model fine-tuning through Visual Prompt as a S…

Pre-Earthquake Ionospheric Anomalies of the Wenchuan Earthquake Studied with DEMETER Satellite Open

Jingming Lu, Yaogai Hu, Chun-Hua Jiang, Zhengyu Zhao, Yuannong Zhang · 2023

The pre-earthquake ionospheric anomalies in Wenchuan, China (21°-41°N, 93°-113°E) are studied and analyzed using the summer nighttime data from 2005 to 2008 measured by DEMETER (Detection of Electro-Magnetic Emission Transmitted from Earth…

Distribution Characteristics of Meteor Angle of Arrival in Mohe and Wuhan, China Open

Xiaoyong Du, Wenjie Yin, Zhitao Du, Yufeng Zhou, Jian Feng , et al. · 2023

Meteor radar is one of the key tools for studying the atmospheric dynamics in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. The physical parameters obtained by meteor radar inversion can provide important statistical information for research. The…

Generative Watermarking Against Unauthorized Subject-Driven Image Synthesis Open

Yihan Ma, Zhengyu Zhao, Xinlei He, Zheng Li, Michael Backes , et al. · 2023

Large text-to-image models have shown remarkable performance in synthesizing high-quality images. In particular, the subject-driven model makes it possible to personalize the image synthesis for a specific subject, e.g., a human face or an…

PENet: A phenotype encoding network for automatic extraction and representation of morphological discriminative features Open

Zhengyu Zhao, Yuanyuan Lü, Yijie Tong, Xin Chen, Ming Bai · 2023

Discriminative traits are important in biodiversity and macroevolution, but extracting and representing these features from huge natural history collections using traditional methods can be challenging and time-consuming. To fully utilize …

Analysis of Pre-Earthquake Ionospheric Anomalies in the Japanese Region Based on DEMETER Satellite Data Open

Jingming Lu, Yaogai Hu, Chun-Hua Jiang, Zhengyu Zhao, Yuannong Zhang , et al. · 2023

The electron density (Ne), ion density (Ni), and electron temperature (Te) statistics recorded by the DEMETER satellite payload ISL (Instrument Sonde de Langmuir) were used to study the disturbance characteristics of the ionosphere before …

Statistical Study of the Ionospheric Slab Thickness at Beijing Midlatitude Station Open

Yuqiang Zhang, Yong Cheng Zhou, Fubin Zhang, Jian Feng, Tong Xu , et al. · 2023

The ratio of the total electron content (TEC) to the F2-layer peak electron density (NmF2) is known as the ionospheric equivalent slab thickness (EST, also known as τ), and it is a crucial indicator of the ionosphere. Using TEC and NmF2 da…

A VHF Circularly Polarized Turnstile Antenna with Balun for Meteor Radar Open

Wei Qiao, Chen Zhou, Wenjie Yin, Mingjie Lv, Zhengyu Zhao · 2023

This paper presents a circularly polarized turnstile antenna for a meteor radar system. The antenna employs a pair of turnstile radiators, a 1:2 power divider and a 90° phase shifter. After a series of simulations and optimizations, the ma…

Low Altitude Tailing Es (LATTE): Analysis of Sporadic‐E Layer Height at Different Latitudes of Middle and Low Region Open

Qiong Tang, Chen Zhou, Huixin Liu, Yi Liu, Jiaqi Zhao , et al. · 2023

In this paper, the Earth's sporadic‐E (Es) layer vertical motion is investigated by using an image processing technique for automatic scaling ionograms from Mohe (122.37°E, 53.50°N, dip angle 71°), Beijing (116.25°E, 40.25°N, dip angle 59°…

Three-dimensional ionospheric tomography based on compressed sensing Open

Jiaqi Zhao, Qiong Tang, Chen Zhou, Zhengyu Zhao, Fengsi Wei · 2023

The insufficient number of low-elevation observations is a limitation of the three-dimensional ionospheric computer tomography (CT) based on the global navigation satellite system (GNSS). To solve this problem, accurate prior information o…

Simulation of Electron Density Disturbance in the Lower Ionosphere Caused by Thundercloud Electrostatic Fields Open

Xubo Yang, Yi Liu, Youzhi Lin, Chen Zhou, Zhengyu Zhao · 2023

In this study, we simulated the electron density disturbance at night in the bottom of the ionosphere caused by the electrostatic field in a thundercloud. The simulation was conducted using the charge of the thundercloud as the source, by …

Statistical Analysis of SF Occurrence in Middle and Low Latitudes Using Bayesian Network Automatic Identification Open

Jian Feng, Yuqiang Zhang, Shuaihe Gao, Zhuangkai Wang, Xiang Wang , et al. · 2023

Spread-F (SF) is one of the most important types of the ionospheric irregularities as it causes ionospheric scintillation which can severely affect the performance and reliability of communication, navigation, and radar systems. The ionoso…

High-Resolution Observation of Ionospheric E-Layer Irregularities Using Multi-Frequency Range Imaging Technology Open

Bo Chen, Yi Liu, Jian Feng, Yuqiang Zhang, Yufeng Zhou , et al. · 2023

E-region field-aligned irregularities (FAIs) are a hot topic in space research, since electromagnetic signal propagation through ionospheric irregularities can undergo sporadic enhancements and fading known as ionospheric scintillation, wh…

Chemometrics Combined with Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for the Identification of Baijiu Vintage Open

Miao Li, Zhengyu Zhao, Yusong Zhang, Xinguang Guo, Yu Zhang , et al. · 2023

Climatology of TEC Longitudinal Difference in Middle Latitudes of East Asia Open

Xingxin Sun, Yuqiang Zhang, Jian Feng, Zhensen Wu, Na Xu , et al. · 2022

In this paper, a statistical analysis of the diurnal, seasonal and solar cycle variation in the TEC longitudinal difference in midlatitudes of East Asia is presented using CODE GIMs data in 2015–2019. Moreover, the empirical neutral wind m…

Statistical Study of the Ionospheric Slab Thickness at Yakutsk High-Latitude Station Open

Jian Feng, Yuqiang Zhang, Na Xu, Bo Chen, Tong Xu , et al. · 2022

The ionospheric equivalent slab thickness (EST, also named τ) is defined as the ratio of the total electron content (TEC) to the F2-layer peak electron density (NmF2), and it is a significant parameter representative of the ionosphere. Thi…

Latitudinal Dependence of the Geomagnetic and Solar Activity Effect on Sporadic-E layer Open

Qiong Tang, Chen Zhou, Huixin Liu, Yi Liu, Jiaqi Zhao , et al. · 2022

Based on the global COSMIC occultation data, the latitudinal dependence of the geomagnetic and solar activity effect on the sporadic-E (Es) layer is investigated. Statistical results demonstrate that the relationship between Es layer occur…

A Novel Method for Improving Quality of Oblique Incidence Sounding Ionograms Based on Eigenspace-Based Beamforming Technology and Capon High-Resolution Range Profile Open

Wuyong Zhang, Tongxin Liu, Guobin Yang, Chun-Hua Jiang, Yaogai Hu , et al. · 2022

Ground-based oblique incidence sounding (OIS) is an important means to investigate the ionosphere. As the OIS ionogram is a visual representation of the OIS parameters, such as group distance and maximum usable frequency (MUF), it is of gr…

Ionospheric Kalman Filter Assimilation Based on Covariance Localization Technique Open

Jiandong Qiao, Chen Zhou, Yi Liu, Jiaqi Zhao, Zhengyu Zhao · 2022

The data assimilation algorithm is a common algorithm in space weather research. Based on the GNSS data from the China Crustal Movement Observation Network (CMONOC) and the International Reference Ionospheric Model (IRI), a fast three-dime…

Comparative Study of the Es Layer between the Plateau and Plain Regions in China Open

Wenxuan Wang, Chun-Hua Jiang, Lehui Wei, Qiong Tang, Wengeng Huang , et al. · 2022

The lower atmosphere forcing plays an important role in forming the sporadic E (Es) layer in the ionosphere. In this study, a comparative study of the Es layer recorded by ionosondes at the middle latitude regions was carried out between t…

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