Explanipedia

Constraints on the Orbit of the Young Substellar Companion GQ Lup B from High-resolution Spectroscopy and VLTI/GRAVITY Astrometry <sup>*</sup> Open

Vidya Venkatesan, Sarah Blunt, Jason Wang, S. Lacour, Gabriel-Dominique Marleau , et al. · 2025

Understanding the orbits of giant planets is critical for testing planet formation models, particularly at wide separations (>10 au) where traditional core accretion becomes inefficient. However, constraining orbits at these separations ha…

The ExoGRAVITY survey: A K-band spectral library of giant exoplanet and brown dwarf companions Open

J. Kammerer, T. O. Winterhalder, S. Lacour, T. Stolker, G. -D. Marleau , et al. · 2025

Direct observations of exoplanet and brown dwarf companions with near-infrared interferometry, first enabled by the dual-field mode of VLTI/GRAVITY, provide unique measurements of the objects' orbital motions and atmospheric compositions. …

Constraints on the Orbit of the Young Substellar Companion GQ Lup B from High-Resolution Spectroscopy and VLTI/GRAVITY Astrometry Open

Vidya Venkatesan, Sarah Blunt, Jason Wang, S. Lacour, G. -D. Marleau , et al. · 2025

Understanding the orbits of giant planets is critical for testing planet formation models, particularly at wide separations greater than 10 au where traditional core accretion becomes inefficient. However, constraining orbits at these sepa…

Direct imaging discovery of a young giant planet orbiting on Solar System scales Open

T. Stolker, M. Samland, Rens Waters, M. E. van den Ancker, William O. Balmer , et al. · 2025

HD 135344 AB is a young visual binary system that is best known for the protoplanetary disk around the secondary star. The circumstellar environment of the A0-type primary star, on the other hand, is already depleted. HD 135344 A is theref…

Combining <i>Gaia</i> and GRAVITY: Characterising five new directly detected substellar companions Open

T. O. Winterhalder, S. Lacour, A. Mérand, A. -L. Maire, Jens Kammerer , et al. · 2024

Precise mass constraints are vital for the characterisation of brown dwarfs and exoplanets. Here we present how the combination of data obtained by Gaia and GRAVITY can help enlarge the sample of substellar companions with measured dynamic…

Catalogue of dual-field interferometric binary calibrators Open

M. Nowak, S. Lacour, R. Abuter, A. Amorim, R. Asensio-Torres , et al. · 2024

Context . Dual-field interferometric observations with VLTI/GRAVITY sometimes require the use of a binary calibrator. This is a binary star whose individual components remain unresolved by the interferometer, with a separation between 400 …

Four-of-a-kind? Comprehensive atmospheric characterisation of the HR 8799 planets with VLTI/GRAVITY Open

E. Nasedkin, P. Mollière, S. Lacour, M. Nowak, Laura Kreidberg , et al. · 2024

With four companions at separations from 16 to 71 au, HR 8799 is a unique target for direct imaging, presenting an opportunity for a comparative study of exoplanets with a shared formation history. Combining new VLTI/GRAVITY observations o…

VLTI/GRAVITY Provides Evidence the Young, Substellar Companion HD 136164 Ab Formed Like a “Failed Star” Open

William O. Balmer, Laurent Pueyo, S. Lacour, Jason Wang, T. Stolker , et al. · 2024

Young, low-mass brown dwarfs orbiting early-type stars, with low mass ratios ( q ≲ 0.01), appear to be intrinsically rare and present a formation dilemma: could a handful of these objects be the highest-mass outcomes of “planetary” formati…

VLTI/GRAVITY Provides Evidence the Young, Substellar Companion HD 136164 Ab formed like a "Failed Star" Open

William O. Balmer, Laurent Pueyo, S. Lacour, J. J. Wang, T. Stolker , et al. · 2023

Young, low-mass Brown Dwarfs orbiting early-type stars, with low mass ratios ($q\lesssim0.01$), appear intrinsically rare and present a formation dilemma: could a handful of these objects be the highest mass outcomes of ``planetary" format…

First VLTI/GRAVITY Observations of HIP 65426 b: Evidence for a Low or Moderate Orbital Eccentricity Open

Sarah Blunt, William O. Balmer, Jason Wang, S. Lacour, Simon Petrus , et al. · 2023

Giant exoplanets have been directly imaged over orders of magnitude of orbital separations, prompting theoretical and observational investigations of their formation pathways. In this paper, we present new VLTI/GRAVITY astrometric data of …

VLTI/GRAVITY Observations and Characterization of the Brown Dwarf Companion HD 72946 B Open

William O. Balmer, Laurent Pueyo, T. Stolker, Henrique Reggiani, A.-L. Maire , et al. · 2023

Tension remains between the observed and modeled properties of substellar objects, but objects in binary orbits, with known dynamical masses, can provide a way forward. HD 72946 B is a recently imaged brown dwarf companion to a nearby, sol…

First VLTI/GRAVITY Observations of HIP 65426 b: Evidence for a Low or Moderate Orbital Eccentricity Open

Sarah Blunt, William O. Balmer, J. J. Wang, S. Lacour, Simon Petrus , et al. · 2023

Giant exoplanets have been directly imaged over orders of magnitude of orbital separations, prompting theoretical and observational investigations of their formation pathways. In this paper, we present new VLTI/GRAVITY astrometric data of …

VLTI/GRAVITY Observations and Characterization of the Brown Dwarf Companion HD 72946 B Open

William O. Balmer, Laurent Pueyo, T. Stolker, Henrique Reggiani, S. Lacour , et al. · 2023

Tension remains between the observed and modeled properties of substellar objects, but objects in binary orbits, with known dynamical masses can provide a way forward. HD 72946 B is a recently imaged brown dwarf companion to the nearby, so…

MORFEO enters final design phase Open

Lorenzo Busoni, Guido Agapito, Alessandro Ballone, Alfio Puglisi, Alexander F. Goncharov , et al. · 2023

MORFEO (Multi-conjugate adaptive Optics Relay For ELT Observations, formerly MAORY), the MCAO system for the ELT, will provide diffraction-limited optical quality to the large field camera MICADO. MORFEO has officially passed the Prelimina…

Design and challenges for the HARMONI Laser Guide Star Sensors Open

A. Costille, Edgard Renault, Anne Bonnefoi, William Ceria, Kjetil Dohlen , et al. · 2023

HARMONI is the first light visible and near-IR integral field spectrograph for the ELT. It covers a large spectral range from 450nm to 2450nm with resolving powers from 3500 to 18000 and spatial sampling from 60mas to 4mas. It can operate …

The GRAVITY young stellar object survey Open

J. A. Wojtczak, Lucas Labadie, K. Perraut, B. Tessore, A. Soulain , et al. · 2022

Context. Hot atomic hydrogen emission lines in pre-main sequence stars serve as tracers for physical processes in the innermost regions of circumstellar accretion disks, where the interaction between a star and disk is the dominant influen…

The GRAVITY Young Stellar Object survey -- IX. Spatially resolved\n kinematics of hot hydrogen gas in the star/disk interaction region of T Tauri\n stars Open

J. A. Wojtczak, Lucas Labadie, K. Perraut, B. Tessore, A. Soulain , et al. · 2022

Aims: We aim to spatially and spectrally resolve the Br-gamma hydrogen\nemission line with the methods of interferometry in order to examine the\nkinematics of the hydrogen gas emission region in the inner accretion disk of a\nsample of so…

Direct discovery of the inner exoplanet in the HD206893 system. Evidence for deuterium burning in a planetary-mass companion Open

Sasha Hinkley, S. Lacour, Gabriel-Dominique Marleau, A.‐M. Lagrange, Jason Wang , et al. · 2022

Long term precise radial velocity (RV) monitoring of the nearby star HD206893, as well as anomalies in the system proper motion, have suggested the presence of an additional, inner companion in the system. Here we describe the results of a…

HARMONI at ELT: designing a laser guide star wavefront sensors for the ELT Open

A. Costille, Anne Bonnefoi, Edgard Renault, William Ceria, Kjetil Dohlen , et al. · 2022

HARMONI is the first light visible and near-IR integral field spectrograph for the ELT covering a large spectral range from 450nm to 2450nm with resolving powers from 3500 to 18000 and spatial sampling from 60mas to 4mas. It can operate in…

Performance of a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor sensor for laser guide star wavefront sensing Open

Zibo Ke, Felipe Pedreros Bustos, Jenny Atwood, A. Costille, Kjetil Dohlen , et al. · 2022

The adaptive optics systems of future Extremely Large Telescopes (ELTs) will be assisted with laser guide stars (LGS) which will be created in the sodium layer at a height of ≈90 km above the telescopes. In a Shack–Hartmann wavefront senso…

The GRAVITY Young Stellar Object survey VIII. Gas and dust faint inner rings in the hybrid disk of HD141569 Open

V. Ganci, Lucas Labadie, L. Klarmann, A. de Valon, K. Perraut , et al. · 2021

Context. The formation and evolution of planetary systems impact the evolution of the primordial accretion disk in its dust and gas content. HD 141569 is a peculiar object in this context as it is the only known pre-main sequence star char…

The GRAVITY young stellar object survey Open

V. Ganci, Lucas Labadie, L. Klarmann, A. de Valon, K. Perraut , et al. · 2021

Context. The formation and evolution of planetary systems impact the evolution of the primordial accretion disk in its dust and gas content. HD 141569 is a peculiar object in this context as it is the only known pre-main sequence star char…

The GRAVITY young stellar object survey Open

K. Perraut, Lucas Labadie, J. Bouvier, F. Ménard, L. Klarmann , et al. · 2021

Context. T Tauri stars are surrounded by dust and gas disks. As material reservoirs from which matter is accreted onto the central star and planets are built, these protoplanetary disks play a central role in star and planet formation. Aim…

The GRAVITY Young Stellar Object Survey. VI. Mapping the variable inner disk of HD 163296 at sub-au scales Open

J. Sánchez-Bermúdez, A. Caratti o Garatti, R. García López, K. Perraut, Lucas Labadie , et al. · 2021

Protoplanetary disks drive some of the formation process (e.g., accretion, gas dissipation, formation of structures, etc.) of stars and planets. Understanding such physical processes is one of the main astrophysical questions. HD 163296 is…

NanoCarb spaceborne miniaturized GHG sensor: first experimental results Open

Silvère Gousset, J. M. Rodrigo, Étienne Le Coärer, Hélène Ehrhardt, Eric Stadler , et al. · 2021

International audience

The GRAVITY young stellar object survey - V. The orbit of the T Tauri binary star WW Cha Open

F. Eupen, Lucas Labadie, R. Grellmann, K. Perraut, W. Brandner , et al. · 2021

Context. Close young binary stars are unique laboratories for the direct measurement of pre-main-sequence (PMS) stellar masses and their comparison to evolutionary theoretical models. At the same time, a precise knowledge of their orbital …

ELT-scale elongated LGS wavefront sensing: on-sky results Open

Lisa Bardou, É. Gendron, Gérard Rousset, ‪Damien Gratadour‬, Alastair Basden , et al. · 2021

Context. Laser guide stars (LGS) allow adaptive optics (AO) systems to reach greater sky coverage, especially for AO systems correcting the atmospheric turbulence on large fields of view. However LGS suffer from limitations, among which is…

The GRAVITY young stellar object survey Open

F. Eupen, Lucas Labadie, R. Grellmann, K. Perraut, W. Brandner , et al. · 2021

Context. Close young binary stars are unique laboratories for the direct measurement of pre-main-sequence (PMS) stellar masses and their comparison to evolutionary theoretical models. At the same time, a precise knowledge of their orbital …

MAORY: A Multi-conjugate Adaptive Optics RelaY for ELT Open

P. Ciliegi, Guido Agapito, Matteo Aliverti, Francesca Annibali, Carmelo Arcidiacono , et al. · 2021

The Multi-conjugate Adaptive Optics RelaY (MAORY) is the adaptive optics (AO) module for the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) that will provide two gravity-invariant ports with the same optical quality for two different client instruments. …

The ExoGRAVITY project: using single mode interferometry to characterize exoplanets Open

S. Lacour, Jason Wang, Mathias Nowak, Laurent Pueyo, Frank Eisenhauer , et al. · 2020

Combining adaptive optics and interferometric observations results in a considerable contrast gain compared to single-telescope, extreme AO systems. Taking advantage of this, the ExoGRAVITY project is a survey of known young giant exoplane…

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