Introduction Adenovirus (Ad) vectors are widely used for gene delivery, and some of them have been approved for vaccine development. In particular, the recombinant COVID-19 vaccine for inhalation, which was developed using adenovirus type 5 (Ad5), represents a milestone in respiratory immunization. Owing to the high pre-existing immunity (PEI) to Ad5, the development of an adenoviral vector with lower PEI and higher immunogenicity has been explored. However, the majority of the developed novel Ad vectors showed su…

Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) refers to the flow of groundwater that enters seawater through the seabed surface at the edge of the coastal shelf. During this discharge process, seepage and initiation can easily trigger seabed instability, which significantly influences the breeding, occurrence, and evolution of marine geological events. The narrow distribution of land near the coastline and the substantial flux of groundwater discharge are closely associated with typical seabed geological events, such as s…

Pockmarks are globally distributed geomorphic features exhibiting diverse morphologies. Their geometric characteristics are commonly quantified by the radius-to-depth ratio. The evolutionary process of these features typically follows a cyclical pattern comprising initiation, expansion, stabilization, and decline. Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD), a seasonally modulated land–sea exchange process, exerts a significant influence on the formation and evolution of pockmarks. This influence is mediated through hyd…

The modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) is approved for use as a smallpox and monkeypox virus vaccine and was also designed as a popular recombinant viral vector for vaccine development and gene therapy. However, the extensive genomes of poxviruses present a significant challenge for the development of recombinant viral vaccines; therefore, it is essential to establish a user-friendly in vitro reverse genetic system. We systematically assembled the 180-kb MVA genome into a five-plasmid system, facilitating one-st…

Kinetic and product studies on the reactions of the cumyloxyl (CumO^•) and <i>tert</i>-butoxyl (<i>t</i>BuO^•) radicals with secondary and tertiary <i>N</i>-methyl and <i>N</i>-benzyl lactams and with cycloalkenes, accompanied by BDE calculations of the substrate C-H bonds involved in these reactions, are reported. Within the lactams, the rate constants for HAT (<i>k</i>_H) from the C-H bonds to CumO^• decrease by a factor ∼4 going from the 5- and 6-membered derivatives to t…