Zac E. Imel
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View article: Real-world stress and control: integrating ambulatory physiological and ecological momentary assessment technologies to explain daily wellbeing
Real-world stress and control: integrating ambulatory physiological and ecological momentary assessment technologies to explain daily wellbeing Open
The current study sought to advance our understanding of the connections between stress, perceived control, affect, and physiology in daily life. To achieve this goal, we integrated hourly ambulatory physiological and experiential data fro…
View article: Association of machine-learning-rated supportive counseling skills with psychotherapy outcome.
Association of machine-learning-rated supportive counseling skills with psychotherapy outcome. Open
Therapist exploration of clients' experience and expression of understanding may be important skills that are associated with clients' better outcomes. This study highlights the importance of support counseling skills, as well as the poten…
View article: Identification of cultural conversations in therapy using natural language processing models.
Identification of cultural conversations in therapy using natural language processing models. Open
Researchers have historically focused on understanding therapist multicultural competency and orientation through client self-report measures and behavioral coding. While client perceptions of therapist cultural competency and multicultura…
View article: Automating the assessment of multicultural orientation through machine learning and natural language processing.
Automating the assessment of multicultural orientation through machine learning and natural language processing. Open
Recent scholarship has highlighted the value of therapists adopting a multicultural orientation (MCO) within psychotherapy. A newly developed performance-based measure of MCO capacities exists (MCO-performance task [MCO-PT]) in which thera…
View article: Outcomes in Mental Health Counseling From Conversational Content With Transformer-Based Machine Learning
Outcomes in Mental Health Counseling From Conversational Content With Transformer-Based Machine Learning Open
Importance Use of asynchronous text-based counseling is rapidly growing as an easy-to-access approach to behavioral health care. Similar to in-person treatment, it is challenging to reliably assess as measures of process and content do not…
View article: Improving the quality of counseling and clinical supervision in opioid treatment programs: how can technology help?
Improving the quality of counseling and clinical supervision in opioid treatment programs: how can technology help? Open
Background The opioid epidemic has resulted in expanded substance use treatment services and strained the clinical workforce serving people with opioid use disorder. Focusing on evidence-based counseling practices like motivational intervi…
View article: Machine-Learning-Based Prediction of Client Distress From Session Recordings
Machine-Learning-Based Prediction of Client Distress From Session Recordings Open
Natural language processing (NLP) is a subfield of machine learning that may facilitate the evaluation of therapist–client interactions and provide feedback to therapists on client outcomes on a large scale. However, there have been limite…
View article: A machine learning approach to identifying suicide risk among text-based crisis counseling encounters
A machine learning approach to identifying suicide risk among text-based crisis counseling encounters Open
Introduction With the increasing utilization of text-based suicide crisis counseling, new means of identifying at risk clients must be explored. Natural language processing (NLP) holds promise for evaluating the content of crisis counselin…
View article: Logic-driven Indirect Supervision: An Application to Crisis Counseling
Logic-driven Indirect Supervision: An Application to Crisis Counseling Open
Ensuring the effectiveness of text-based crisis counseling requires observing ongoing conversations and providing feedback, both labor-intensive tasks. Automatic analysis of conversations-at the full chat and utterance levels-may help supp…
View article: Do as I say, not as I do: Therapist Evaluation of a Practice and Supervision Aid
Do as I say, not as I do: Therapist Evaluation of a Practice and Supervision Aid Open
Interactive software offers the potential to improve the quality of mental health care by promoting skill development, clinical insight, and shared reflection among mental health professionals. However, research on therapists' usage of int…
View article: You never know what you are going to get: Large-scale assessment of therapists’ supportive counseling skill use.
You never know what you are going to get: Large-scale assessment of therapists’ supportive counseling skill use. Open
Supportive counseling skills like empathy and active listening are critical ingredients of all psychotherapies, but most research relies on client or therapist reports of the treatment process. This study utilized machine-learning models t…
View article: Leveraging Open Data and Task Augmentation to Automated Behavioral Coding of Psychotherapy Conversations in Low-Resource Scenarios
Leveraging Open Data and Task Augmentation to Automated Behavioral Coding of Psychotherapy Conversations in Low-Resource Scenarios Open
In psychotherapy interactions, the quality of a session is assessed by codifying the communicative behaviors of participants during the conversation through manual observation and annotation. Developing computational approaches for automat…
View article: Threat alert: The effect of outliers on the alliance–outcome correlation.
Threat alert: The effect of outliers on the alliance–outcome correlation. Open
Meta-analyses have established the alliance as the most robust predictor of outcome in psychotherapy. A growing number of studies have evaluated potential threats to the conclusion that alliance is a
View article: The Silent Treatment? Changes in patient emotional expression after silence
The Silent Treatment? Changes in patient emotional expression after silence Open
Psychotherapy can be an emotionally laden conversation, where both verbal and nonverbal interventions may impact the therapeutic process. Prior research has postulated mixed results regarding how clients emotionally react following a silen…
View article: Psychotherapy is Not One Thing: Simultaneous Modeling of Different Therapeutic Approaches
Psychotherapy is Not One Thing: Simultaneous Modeling of Different Therapeutic Approaches Open
There are many different forms of psychotherapy. Itemized inventories of psychotherapeutic interventions provide a mechanism for evaluating the quality of care received by clients and for conducting research on how psychotherapy helps. How…
View article: Leveraging Open Data and Task Augmentation to Automated Behavioral Coding of Psychotherapy Conversations in Low-Resource Scenarios
Leveraging Open Data and Task Augmentation to Automated Behavioral Coding of Psychotherapy Conversations in Low-Resource Scenarios Open
In psychotherapy interactions, the quality of a session is assessed by codifying the communicative behaviors of participants during the conversation through manual observation and annotation. Developing computational approaches for automat…
View article: Identifying Topics in Patient and Doctor Conversations Using Natural Language Processing Methods
Identifying Topics in Patient and Doctor Conversations Using Natural Language Processing Methods Open
studying conversations between patients and doctors to help doctors improve their communication skills.
View article: "Am I A Good Therapist?" Automated Evaluation Of Psychotherapy Skills Using Speech And Language Technologies.
"Am I A Good Therapist?" Automated Evaluation Of Psychotherapy Skills Using Speech And Language Technologies. Open
With the growing prevalence of psychological interventions, it is vital to have measures which rate the effectiveness of psychological care, in order to assist in training, supervision, and quality assurance of services. Traditionally, qua…
View article: Knowledge and Attitudes toward an Artificial Intelligence-Based Fidelity Measurement in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Supervision
Knowledge and Attitudes toward an Artificial Intelligence-Based Fidelity Measurement in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Supervision Open
Purpose. To capitalize on investments in evidence-based practice implementation, technology is needed to scale up fidelity assessment. Stakeholder feedback may facilitate adoption of such tools. This study examined mental health providers’…
View article: Machine learning and natural language processing in psychotherapy research: Alliance as example use case.
Machine learning and natural language processing in psychotherapy research: Alliance as example use case. Open
Artificial intelligence generally and machine learning specifically have become deeply woven into the lives and technologies of modern life. Machine learning is dramatically changing scientific research and industry and may also hold promi…
View article: Feature Fusion Strategies for End-to-End Evaluation of Cognitive Behavior Therapy Sessions
Feature Fusion Strategies for End-to-End Evaluation of Cognitive Behavior Therapy Sessions Open
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a goal-oriented psychotherapy for mental health concerns implemented in a conversational setting with broad empirical support for its effectiveness across a range of presenting problems and client popu…
View article: Provider Contributions to Disparities in Mental Health Care
Provider Contributions to Disparities in Mental Health Care Open
Adherence to depression treatment among a provider's patients from racial-ethnic minority groups was related to adherence among that provider's non-Hispanic white patients, but evidence also suggested provider-specific disparities. Efforts…
View article: A Label Proportions Estimation Technique for Adversarial Domain Adaptation in Text Classification
A Label Proportions Estimation Technique for Adversarial Domain Adaptation in Text Classification Open
Many text classification tasks are domain-dependent, and various domain adaptation approaches have been proposed to predict unlabeled data in a new domain. Domain-adversarial neural networks (DANN) and their variants have been used widely …
View article: Can a computer detect interpersonal skills? Using machine learning to scale up the Facilitative Interpersonal Skills task
Can a computer detect interpersonal skills? Using machine learning to scale up the Facilitative Interpersonal Skills task Open
Objective: Therapist interpersonal skills are foundational to psychotherapy. However, assessment is labor intensive and infrequent. This study evaluated if machine learning (ML) tools can automatically assess therapist interpersonal skills…
View article: Identifying Therapist and Client Personae for Therapeutic Alliance Estimation
Identifying Therapist and Client Personae for Therapeutic Alliance Estimation Open
Psychotherapy, from a narrative perspective, is the process in which a client relates an on-going life-story to a therapist. In each session, a client will recount events from their life, some of which stand out as more significant than ot…
View article: Coregulation of therapist and client emotion during psychotherapy
Coregulation of therapist and client emotion during psychotherapy Open
Results indicated that when clients became more emotionally labile over the course of the session, therapists became less so. When changes in therapist arousal increased, the client's tendency to become more aroused during session slowed. …