Zachary E. Ross
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View article: SPIDER: Scalable Probabilistic Inference for Differential Earthquake Relocation
SPIDER: Scalable Probabilistic Inference for Differential Earthquake Relocation Open
Seismicity catalogs are larger than ever due to an explosion of techniques for enhanced earthquake detection and an abundance of high-quality datasets. Bayesian inference is a popular framework for locating earthquakes due to its ability t…
View article: High-resolution eikonal imaging and uncertainty quantification of the Kilauea caldera
High-resolution eikonal imaging and uncertainty quantification of the Kilauea caldera Open
Images of the Earth's interior can provide us with insight into the underlying properties of the Earth, such as how seismic activity might emerge and the interplay between seismic and volcanic activity. Understanding these systems requires…
View article: Fault Geometry and Source Mechanics of the Altotiberina Fault System from a High-Resolution Machine-Learning Earthquake Catalog
Fault Geometry and Source Mechanics of the Altotiberina Fault System from a High-Resolution Machine-Learning Earthquake Catalog Open
Recent advances in machine learning (ML)-based earthquake detection and location techniques combined with dense seismic networks have dramatically increased the quantity of low-magnitude earthquakes that can be detected and accurately loca…
View article: Ambient Noise Full Waveform Inversion with Neural Operators
Ambient Noise Full Waveform Inversion with Neural Operators Open
Numerical simulations of seismic wave propagation are crucial for investigating velocity structures and improving seismic hazard assessment. However, standard methods such as finite difference or finite element are computationally expensiv…
View article: A High Resolution Machine-Learning Earthquake Catalog to Characterize Fault Geometry and Source Mechanics: the Altotiberina Fault Case Study
A High Resolution Machine-Learning Earthquake Catalog to Characterize Fault Geometry and Source Mechanics: the Altotiberina Fault Case Study Open
View article: DeepGEM-EGF: A Bayesian strategy for joint estimates of source-time functions and empirical Green’s functions
DeepGEM-EGF: A Bayesian strategy for joint estimates of source-time functions and empirical Green’s functions Open
An earthquake record is the convolution of source radiation, path propagation and site effects, and instrument response. Isolating the source component requires solving an ill-posed inverse problem. Whether the instability of inferred sour…
View article: Stochastic Process Learning via Operator Flow Matching
Stochastic Process Learning via Operator Flow Matching Open
Expanding on neural operators, we propose a novel framework for stochastic process learning across arbitrary domains. In particular, we develop operator flow matching (OFM) for learning stochastic process priors on function spaces. OFM pro…
View article: The evolution of fault orientation in the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence with a new long-term catalogue of seismicity and moment tensors
The evolution of fault orientation in the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence with a new long-term catalogue of seismicity and moment tensors Open
SUMMARY Throughout an earthquake sequence, perturbations to the stress field may lead to changes in the distribution of active fault orientations. Resolving such changes for narrow spatiotemporal windows requires high-quality seismicity ca…
View article: Deep neural Helmholtz operators for 3-D elastic wave propagation and inversion
Deep neural Helmholtz operators for 3-D elastic wave propagation and inversion Open
SUMMARY Numerical simulations of seismic wave propagation in heterogeneous 3-D media are central to investigating subsurface structures and understanding earthquake processes, yet are computationally expensive for large problems. This is p…
View article: Bursts of Fast Propagating Swarms of Induced Earthquakes at the Groningen Gas Field
Bursts of Fast Propagating Swarms of Induced Earthquakes at the Groningen Gas Field Open
Gas extraction from the Groningen gas reservoir, located in the northeastern Netherlands, has led to a drop in pressure and drove compaction and induced seismicity. Stress-based models have shown success in forecasting induced seismicity i…
View article: Insights on the dip of fault zones in Southern California from modeling of seismicity with anisotropic point processes
Insights on the dip of fault zones in Southern California from modeling of seismicity with anisotropic point processes Open
Accurate models of fault zone geometry are important for scientific and hazard applications. While seismicity can provide high-resolution point measurements of fault geometry, extrapolating these measurements to volumes may involve making …
View article: Universal Functional Regression with Neural Operator Flows
Universal Functional Regression with Neural Operator Flows Open
Regression on function spaces is typically limited to models with Gaussian process priors. We introduce the notion of universal functional regression, in which we aim to learn a prior distribution over non-Gaussian function spaces that rem…
View article: Insights on the dip of fault zones in Southern California from modeling of seismicity with anisotropic point processes
Insights on the dip of fault zones in Southern California from modeling of seismicity with anisotropic point processes Open
Accurate models of fault zone geometry are important for scientific and hazard applications. While seismicity can provide high-resolution point measurements of fault geometry, extrapolating these measurements to volumes may involve making …
View article: Rift zone architecture and inflation-driven seismicity of Mauna Loa volcano
Rift zone architecture and inflation-driven seismicity of Mauna Loa volcano Open
The 2022 eruption at Mauna Loa, Hawai‘i, marked the first extrusive activity from the volcano after 38 years of quiescence. The eruption was preceded by several years of seismic unrest in the vicinity of the volcano’s summit. Characterizin…
View article: Insights on the state of stress in the mantle beneath Pahala, Hawai‘i
Insights on the state of stress in the mantle beneath Pahala, Hawai‘i Open
Magma supply rates from the mantle to Hawaiian volcanoes serve as an important control on eruptive behavior at the surface. The Pa ̄hala Sill Complex, a collection of magma-bearing, seismogenic structures at 40 km depth beneath Hawai‘i, pre…
View article: Phase Neural Operator for Multi‐Station Picking of Seismic Arrivals
Phase Neural Operator for Multi‐Station Picking of Seismic Arrivals Open
Seismic wave arrival time measurements form the basis for numerous downstream applications. State‐of‐the‐art approaches for phase picking use deep neural networks to annotate seismograms at each station independently, yet human experts ann…
View article: Seismic arrival-time picking on distributed acoustic sensing data using semi-supervised learning
Seismic arrival-time picking on distributed acoustic sensing data using semi-supervised learning Open
View article: Finite source properties of large strike-slip earthquakes
Finite source properties of large strike-slip earthquakes Open
SUMMARY Earthquake ruptures are complex physical processes that may vary with the structure and tectonics of the region in which they occur. Characterizing the factors controlling this variability would provide fundamental constraints on t…
View article: Deep Neural Helmholtz Operators for 3D Elastic Wave Propagation and Inversion
Deep Neural Helmholtz Operators for 3D Elastic Wave Propagation and Inversion Open
Numerical simulations of seismic wave propagation in heterogeneous 3D media are central to investigating subsurface structures and understanding earthquake processes, yet are computationally expensive for large problems. This is particular…
View article: Broadband Ground Motion Synthesis via Generative Adversarial Neural Operators: Development and Validation
Broadband Ground Motion Synthesis via Generative Adversarial Neural Operators: Development and Validation Open
We present a data-driven framework for ground-motion synthesis that generates three-component acceleration time histories conditioned on moment magnitude, rupture distance , time-average shear-wave velocity at the top $30m$ ($V_{S30}$), an…
View article: Phase Neural Operator for Multi-Station Picking of Seismic Arrivals
Phase Neural Operator for Multi-Station Picking of Seismic Arrivals Open
Seismic wave arrival time measurements form the basis for numerous downstream applications. State-of-the-art approaches for phase picking use deep neural networks to annotate seismograms at each station independently, yet human experts ann…
View article: Finite Source Properties of Large Strike-Slip Earthquakes
Finite Source Properties of Large Strike-Slip Earthquakes Open
Earthquake ruptures are complex physical processes that may vary with the structure and tectonics of the region in which they occur. Characterizing the factors controlling this variability would provide fundamental constraints on the physi…
View article: Uncovering the Processes that Control Induced Earthquake Sequences
Uncovering the Processes that Control Induced Earthquake Sequences Open
Earthquake sequences induced by fluid disposal into the subsurface show strong variability in their magnitude distributions and clustering behavior. We attempt to untangle the processes that control the occurrence and evolution of disposal…
View article: Seismic Arrival-time Picking on Distributed Acoustic Sensing Data using Semi-supervised Learning
Seismic Arrival-time Picking on Distributed Acoustic Sensing Data using Semi-supervised Learning Open
Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) is an emerging technology for earthquake monitoring and subsurface imaging. The recorded seismic signals by DAS have several distinct characteristics, such as unknown coupling effects, strong anthropogeni…
View article: Seismic Arrival-time Picking on Distributed Acoustic Sensing Data using Semi-supervised Learning
Seismic Arrival-time Picking on Distributed Acoustic Sensing Data using Semi-supervised Learning Open
Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) is an emerging technology for earthquake monitoring and subsurface imaging. The recorded seismic signals by DAS have several distinct characteristics, such as unknown coupling effects, strong anthropogeni…
View article: A deep Gaussian process model for seismicity background rates
A deep Gaussian process model for seismicity background rates Open
SUMMARY The spatio-temporal properties of seismicity give us incisive insight into the stress state evolution and fault structures of the crust. Empirical models based on self-exciting point processes continue to provide an important tool …
View article: A Deep Gaussian Process Model for Seismicity Background Rates
A Deep Gaussian Process Model for Seismicity Background Rates Open
The spatio-temporal properties of seismicity give us incisive insight into the stress state evolution and fault structures of the crust. Empirical models based on self-exciting point-processes continue to provide an important tool for anal…
View article: Neural mixture model association of seismic phases
Neural mixture model association of seismic phases Open
Seismic phase association is the task of grouping phase arrival picks across a seismic network into subsets with common origins. Building on recent successes in this area with machine learning tools, we introduce a neural mixture model ass…
View article: Fault Roughness at Seismogenic Depths and Links to Earthquake Behavior
Fault Roughness at Seismogenic Depths and Links to Earthquake Behavior Open
Fault geometry affects the initiation, propagation, and cessation of earthquake rupture, as well as, potentially, the statistical behavior of earthquake sequences. We analyze 18,250 (−0.27 < M < 4.4) earthquakes of the 2016–2019 Cahu…
View article: The 2020 Westmorland, California Earthquake Swarm as Aftershocks of a Slow Slip Event Sustained by Fluid Flow
The 2020 Westmorland, California Earthquake Swarm as Aftershocks of a Slow Slip Event Sustained by Fluid Flow Open
Swarms are bursts of earthquakes without an obvious mainshock. Some have been observed to be associated with transient aseismic fault slip, while others are thought to be related to fluids. However, the association is rarely quantitative d…