Zachary M. Grinspan
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View article: Changing epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 positivity rates in a diverse population of children and adults during variant evolution and progressive vaccination eligibility in New York City
Changing epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 positivity rates in a diverse population of children and adults during variant evolution and progressive vaccination eligibility in New York City Open
Background The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in multiple waves of infections in New York City that were driven by evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants and shifting vaccine eligibility. We describe the trends in SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology in adults and c…
View article: Factors Influencing the Duration From the Initiation of Surgical Evaluation to Final Intervention in Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery
Factors Influencing the Duration From the Initiation of Surgical Evaluation to Final Intervention in Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery Open
Rationale Longer duration of epilepsy before surgery is a predictor of poor outcome. While referral delays of surgical candidates are well documented, factors causing delay during the presurgical evaluation remain unclear and may vary depe…
View article: Comparative effectiveness of second‐line treatments for epileptic spasms
Comparative effectiveness of second‐line treatments for epileptic spasms Open
Objective This study was undertaken to evaluate the response to second treatments for infantile epileptic spasms syndrome (IESS). Methods Infants aged 2–24 months with IESS were prospectively enrolled in the National Infantile Spasms Cohor…
View article: Cortical signatures linked to behavior quantitatively track arousal levels
Cortical signatures linked to behavior quantitatively track arousal levels Open
While current arousal level assessments in patients with disorders of consciousness discriminate altered states of consciousness, there are significant limitations in characterizing the transition from one state to another or quantifying t…
View article: Mobilizing a New Era in Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome Treatment and Prevention
Mobilizing a New Era in Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome Treatment and Prevention Open
This review summarizes content presented at the Pediatric State of the Art Symposium held during the American Epilepsy Society's annual meeting in December 2024. The symposium focused on Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS), a severe developmenta…
View article: P311: Clinical responses to off-label use of phenylbutyrate for STXBP1 and SLC6A1
P311: Clinical responses to off-label use of phenylbutyrate for STXBP1 and SLC6A1 Open
View article: Syngap1-Related Intellectual Disability: Meaningful Clinical Outcomes and Development of a Disease Concept Model Draft
Syngap1-Related Intellectual Disability: Meaningful Clinical Outcomes and Development of a Disease Concept Model Draft Open
View article: The Prevalence of RNU4-2-Associated Autosomal Dominant Intellectual Disability Syndrome
The Prevalence of RNU4-2-Associated Autosomal Dominant Intellectual Disability Syndrome Open
View article: A Multicenter Retrospective Observational Cohort Study of Seizure Freedom before Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome (the “Gap”). Opportunities for Prevention
A Multicenter Retrospective Observational Cohort Study of Seizure Freedom before Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome (the “Gap”). Opportunities for Prevention Open
Objective Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome (LGS) is a severe, often treatment-resistant epilepsy syndrome typically diagnosed in early childhood. Many have seizures before diagnosis. Some have periods of seizure freedom before treatment resistance,…
View article: 4-Phenylbutyrate for STXBP1 and SLC6A1. Safety, tolerability, seizure, and EEG outcomes. A case series at 2 centers
4-Phenylbutyrate for STXBP1 and SLC6A1. Safety, tolerability, seizure, and EEG outcomes. A case series at 2 centers Open
Introduction Pathogenic mutations in STXBP1 and SLC6A1 can cause developmental delay and epilepsy. 4-phenylbutyrate (4PB), a drug used for urea cycle disorders, rescues dysfunction in pre-clinical models for both genes, suggesting an oppor…
View article: Clinical trials for Lennox–Gastaut syndrome: Challenges and priorities
Clinical trials for Lennox–Gastaut syndrome: Challenges and priorities Open
Objective: Lennox‐Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is a severe, childhood‐onset epilepsy that is typically refractory to treatment. We surveyed the current landscape of LGS treatment, aiming to identify challenges to the development of efficacious t…
View article: <scp>Population‐based</scp> study of rare epilepsy incidence in a <scp>US</scp> urban population
<span>Population‐based</span> study of rare epilepsy incidence in a <span>US</span> urban population Open
Objective This study was undertaken to estimate incidence of rare epilepsies and compare with literature. Methods We used electronic health record text search to identify children with 28 rare epilepsies in New York City (2010–2014). We es…
View article: Pediatric Palliative Epilepsy Surgery: A Report From the Pediatric Epilepsy Research Consortium (PERC) Surgery Database
Pediatric Palliative Epilepsy Surgery: A Report From the Pediatric Epilepsy Research Consortium (PERC) Surgery Database Open
Patients receiving palliative epilepsy surgery trialed more ASMs, were referred later after becoming drug resistant, and had longer gaps between drug resistance and epilepsy surgery compared with patients undergoing definitive epilepsy sur…
View article: 455. Changing epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 testing, positivity rates, and variant distribution in children and adults over multiple pandemic waves in New York City
455. Changing epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 testing, positivity rates, and variant distribution in children and adults over multiple pandemic waves in New York City Open
Background Children and adults have had different experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in the context of new SARS-CoV-2 variants and changing vaccine eligibility. We aimed to compare the changing epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 …
View article: Highlights From the Annual Meeting of the American Epilepsy Society 2022
Highlights From the Annual Meeting of the American Epilepsy Society 2022 Open
With more than 6000 attendees between in-person and virtual offerings, the American Epilepsy Society Meeting 2022 in Nashville, felt as busy as in prepandemic times. An ever-growing number of physicians, scientists, and allied health profe…
View article: Creating rare epilepsy cohorts using keyword search in electronic health records
Creating rare epilepsy cohorts using keyword search in electronic health records Open
Objective Administrative codes to identify people with rare epilepsies in electronic health records are limited. The current study evaluated the use of keyword search as an alternative method for rare epilepsy cohort creation using electro…
View article: Early Clinical Variables Associated With Refractory Convulsive Status Epilepticus in Children
Early Clinical Variables Associated With Refractory Convulsive Status Epilepticus in Children Open
This study provides Class II evidence that patient and clinical factors may predict RSE in children with convulsive seizures.
View article: A question prompt list for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy
A question prompt list for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy Open
Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is a common cause of premature mortality in people with epilepsy.1 Professional guidelines and existing data from caregivers of children with epilepsy support SUDEP risk disclosure in the clinica…
View article: Corrigendum to Patterns of Recording Epileptic Spasms in an Electronic Seizure Diary Compared to Video EEG and Historical Cohorts’ Pediatric Neurology 122C (2021) (27-34)
Corrigendum to Patterns of Recording Epileptic Spasms in an Electronic Seizure Diary Compared to Video EEG and Historical Cohorts’ Pediatric Neurology 122C (2021) (27-34) Open
View article: Communication about sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: Understanding the caregiver perspective
Communication about sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: Understanding the caregiver perspective Open
Objective We aimed to characterize (1) the caregiver experience of learning about sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), and (2) caregiver preferences for SUDEP risk disclosure. Methods We distributed a 24‐question survey to caregive…
View article: COVID-19 is Observed in Older Children During the Omicron Wave in New York City
COVID-19 is Observed in Older Children During the Omicron Wave in New York City Open
View article: Indications for Hospitalization in Children with SARS-CoV-2 Infection during the Omicron Wave in New York City
Indications for Hospitalization in Children with SARS-CoV-2 Infection during the Omicron Wave in New York City Open
The emergence of the Omicron variant was accompanied by an acute increase in COVID-19 cases and hospitalizations in New York City. An increased incidence of COVID-19-associated croup in children during the Omicron wave has been recognized,…
View article: Reproductive Health Counseling in Adolescent Women With Epilepsy: A Single-Center Study
Reproductive Health Counseling in Adolescent Women With Epilepsy: A Single-Center Study Open
A minority of adolescent WWE have documented reproductive health discussions, demonstrating a need for quality improvement projects to address this gap in care.
View article: Inequities in Therapy for Infantile Spasms: A Call to Action
Inequities in Therapy for Infantile Spasms: A Call to Action Open
Objective The aim of this study was to determine whether selection of treatment for children with infantile spasms (IS) varies by race/ethnicity. Methods The prospective US National Infantile Spasms Consortium database includes children wi…
View article: Surgical evaluation in children <3 years of age with drug‐resistant epilepsy: Patient characteristics, diagnostic utilization, and potential for treatment delays
Surgical evaluation in children <3 years of age with drug‐resistant epilepsy: Patient characteristics, diagnostic utilization, and potential for treatment delays Open
Objective Drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE) occurs at higher rates in children 1 year) after DRE diagnosis in the very young. Results The cohort included 437 children, of whom 71 (16%) were <3 years of age at referral. Children evaluated befor…
View article: Hypothalamic Hamartomas
Hypothalamic Hamartomas Open
Hypothalamic hamartomas (HH) are rare, basilar developmental lesions with widespread comorbidities often associated with refractory epilepsy and encephalopathy. Imaging advances allow for early, even prenatal, detection. Genetic studies su…
View article: Gene-Targeted Therapies in Pediatric Neurology: Challenges and Opportunities in Diagnosis and Delivery
Gene-Targeted Therapies in Pediatric Neurology: Challenges and Opportunities in Diagnosis and Delivery Open
View article: Automated Identification of Surgical Candidates and Estimation of Postoperative Seizure Freedom in Children - A Focused Review
Automated Identification of Surgical Candidates and Estimation of Postoperative Seizure Freedom in Children - A Focused Review Open
View article: Methods to Identify and Predict Which Patients Will Have High Healthcare Needs and Use -- A PCORnet® Study
Methods to Identify and Predict Which Patients Will Have High Healthcare Needs and Use -- A PCORnet® Study Open
How can people use the results?Researchers and doctors can use the methods to help make sure patients with high healthcare needs get the care they need.
View article: Comparative Effectiveness of Initial Treatment for Infantile Spasms in a Contemporary US Cohort
Comparative Effectiveness of Initial Treatment for Infantile Spasms in a Contemporary US Cohort Open
This study provides Class III evidence that for children with new-onset infantile spasms, ACTH or oral steroids were superior to nonstandard therapies.