Zubair Baloch
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View article: Encapsulated neoplasms of the thyroid gland
Encapsulated neoplasms of the thyroid gland Open
Encapsulated thyroid gland lesions, defined by complete or partial confinement within a fibrous capsule, are common findings in endocrine pathology but frequently pose diagnostic challenges. The primary difficulty lies in distinguishing be…
View article: pT1a papillary thyroid carcinomas in pediatric patients
pT1a papillary thyroid carcinomas in pediatric patients Open
Background Observational studies in adults suggest that incidental PTC (iPTC) and non-incidental PTC (niPTC) are distinct entities. We examine the incidence of iPTC in pediatric patients undergoing thyroidectomy for benign conditions and c…
View article: Revisionist history uncovers a simplified molecular‐based classification of differentiated thyroid cancer
Revisionist history uncovers a simplified molecular‐based classification of differentiated thyroid cancer Open
The diagnostic classification of differentiated thyroid cancer has been a longstanding topic of debate among pathologists, largely due to high interobserver variability. This complexity has increased with the expansion of tumor types and s…
View article: To Evaluate Magnetic Resonance Imaging's (MRI) Diagnostic Accuracy in the Pre-Operative Assessment of Peri-Anal Fistula
To Evaluate Magnetic Resonance Imaging's (MRI) Diagnostic Accuracy in the Pre-Operative Assessment of Peri-Anal Fistula Open
Introduction: Because a misdiagnosis could result in a recurrence of the disease or potential surgical side effects including fecal incontinence, the goal of this study was to precisely detect and describe the perianal fistula and assist s…
View article: Diagnosing Malignant Epithelial Neoplasms of the Lung in Cytological Specimens: Cytomorphology, Ancillary Studies and Management
Diagnosing Malignant Epithelial Neoplasms of the Lung in Cytological Specimens: Cytomorphology, Ancillary Studies and Management Open
The World Health Organization's (WHO) Reporting System for Lung Cytopathology intends to standardise the diagnosing and reporting of cytology specimens from the lung and aims at enhancing the communication between clinicians and (cyto)path…
View article: Oncocytic Tumors in the Thyroid: A Tri-Focal Review – Integrated Cytopathological, Pathological, and Molecular Perspectives
Oncocytic Tumors in the Thyroid: A Tri-Focal Review – Integrated Cytopathological, Pathological, and Molecular Perspectives Open
Background: The thyroid gland is a treasure trove of pathology ranging from the benign to the overtly malignant. Both neoplastic and nonneoplastic thyroid lesions can exhibit oncocytic change. Here we present an overview of cytologic and h…
View article: An anatomic checklist for accurate staging of grossly invasive thyroid cancer
An anatomic checklist for accurate staging of grossly invasive thyroid cancer Open
Objective The final surgical pathology report follows the patient throughout their cancer journey. For locoregionally advanced cancers, lack of surgeon-pathologist communication can lead to understaging, adversely impacting management. Our…
View article: Low-invasive somatic oncogenes and lymph node metastasis in pediatric papillary thyroid cancer: implications for prophylactic central neck dissection
Low-invasive somatic oncogenes and lymph node metastasis in pediatric papillary thyroid cancer: implications for prophylactic central neck dissection Open
Objective The American Thyroid Association (ATA) Pediatric Guidelines recommend selective, prophylactic central neck dissection (pCND) for patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) based on tumor focality, tumor size, and the surgeon…
View article: How important are the cytomorphologic subtypes of the salivary gland neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential (<scp>SUMP</scp>) category in the Milan system for reporting salivary gland cytology? An institutional experience 2018–2024
How important are the cytomorphologic subtypes of the salivary gland neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential (<span>SUMP</span>) category in the Milan system for reporting salivary gland cytology? An institutional experience 2018–2024 Open
Introduction Salivary gland neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential (SUMP) is an important diagnostic category of the Milan System for reporting salivary gland cytology (MSRSGC). Further subcategorization by cytomorphologic subtypes has …
View article: Thyroid nodules with <i>DICER1</i> mutation or PTEN alteration: A comparative cytologic, clinical, and molecular study of 117 FNA cases
Thyroid nodules with <i>DICER1</i> mutation or PTEN alteration: A comparative cytologic, clinical, and molecular study of 117 FNA cases Open
Background DICER1 mutations and PTEN alterations are increasingly detected by thyroid fine‐needle aspiration (FNA). Both are associated with nodular thyroid disease and cancer. The authors analyzed a large comparative thyroid FNA cohort wi…
View article: Risks of malignancy in the major nongynecologic cytopathology reporting systems: Critiques and discussions
Risks of malignancy in the major nongynecologic cytopathology reporting systems: Critiques and discussions Open
The ever‐increasing popularity of standardized systems for reporting cytopathology has led in part to much attention to and importance of the risk stratification schemes, especially the risks of malignancy (ROMs), which are associated with…
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View article: Immunohistochemistry in the pathologic diagnosis and management of thyroid neoplasms
Immunohistochemistry in the pathologic diagnosis and management of thyroid neoplasms Open
The use of immunohistochemistry cannot be underestimated in the everyday practice of thyroid pathology. It has evolved over the years beyond the traditional confirmation of thyroid origin to molecular profiling and the prediction of clinic…
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View article: Molecular Profiling of 50 734 Bethesda III-VI Thyroid Nodules by ThyroSeq v3: Implications for Personalized Management
Molecular Profiling of 50 734 Bethesda III-VI Thyroid Nodules by ThyroSeq v3: Implications for Personalized Management Open
Context Comprehensive genomic analysis of thyroid nodules for multiple classes of molecular alterations detected in a large series of fine needle aspiration (FNA) samples has not been reported. Objective To determine the prevalence of clin…
View article: Unraveling the significance of <i>TSHR</i> mutations in indeterminate thyroid cytology specimens
Unraveling the significance of <i>TSHR</i> mutations in indeterminate thyroid cytology specimens Open
Objectives We investigated the clinical significance of thyroid‐stimulating hormone receptor ( TSHR ) mutations detected in thyroid fine needle aspiration (FNA) specimens. Methods The pathology archives at our institution were reviewed bet…
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View article: DICER1 RNase IIIb domain mutations trigger widespread miRNA dysregulation and MAPK activation in pediatric thyroid cancer
DICER1 RNase IIIb domain mutations trigger widespread miRNA dysregulation and MAPK activation in pediatric thyroid cancer Open
DICER1 is a highly conserved RNase III endoribonuclease essential for the biogenesis of single-stranded mature microRNAs (miRNAs) from stem-loop precursor miRNAs. Somatic mutations in the RNase IIIb domain of DICER1 impair its ability to g…
View article: <i>THADA‐IGF2BP3</i> fusions detected in fine‐needle aspiration specimens of thyroid nodules: An institutional experience
<i>THADA‐IGF2BP3</i> fusions detected in fine‐needle aspiration specimens of thyroid nodules: An institutional experience Open
Introduction Though the clinical significance of THADA‐IGF2BP3 fusions detected in thyroid nodules preoperatively is still under investigation, the limited literature suggests these lesions are clinically low‐risk. Methods The pathology ar…