Zhe‐Xi Luo
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View article: Biomechanics of the mandibular middle ear of the cynodont <i>Thrinaxodon</i> and the evolution of mammal hearing
Biomechanics of the mandibular middle ear of the cynodont <i>Thrinaxodon</i> and the evolution of mammal hearing Open
The middle ear of mammals is a major functional innovation, distinctive in that it is detached from the mandible and has a tympanic membrane supported by a ring-like ectotympanic. These novelties of the middle ear have enabled modern mamma…
View article: A new biomechanical model of the mammal jaw based on load path analysis
A new biomechanical model of the mammal jaw based on load path analysis Open
The primary function of the tetrapod jaw is to transmit jaw muscle forces to bite points. The routes of force transfer in the jaw have never been studied but can be quantified using load paths – the shortest, stiffest routes from regions o…
View article: A new symmetrodont mammal from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota of Ningcheng Basin, Inner Mongolia, Northeast China
A new symmetrodont mammal from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota of Ningcheng Basin, Inner Mongolia, Northeast China Open
Recently, a dinosaur assemblage with three-dimensional preservation of the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota has been discovered in the Ningcheng Basin, Inner Mongolia, China. Of the vertebrate fossils, a new spalacotherioid “symmetro-dont” mam…
View article: Three-dimensional mandibular kinematics of mastication in the marsupial<i>Didelphis virginiana</i>
Three-dimensional mandibular kinematics of mastication in the marsupial<i>Didelphis virginiana</i> Open
Didelphis virginiana (the Virginia opossum) is often used as an extant model for understanding feeding behaviour in Mesozoic mammaliaforms, primarily due to their morphological similarities, including an unfused mandibular symphysis and tr…
View article: Head posture impacts mammalian hyoid position and suprahyoid muscle length: implication for swallowing biomechanics
Head posture impacts mammalian hyoid position and suprahyoid muscle length: implication for swallowing biomechanics Open
Instantaneous head posture (IHP) can extensively alter resting hyoid position in humans, yet postural effects on resting hyoid position remain poorly documented among mammals in general. Clarifying this relationship is essential for evalua…
View article: Functional reorganisation of the cranial skeleton during the cynodont–mammaliaform transition
Functional reorganisation of the cranial skeleton during the cynodont–mammaliaform transition Open
Skeletal simplification occurred in multiple vertebrate clades over the last 500 million years, including the evolution from premammalian cynodonts to mammals. This transition is characterised by the loss and reduction of cranial bones, th…
View article: Reexamination of the Mandibular and Dental Morphology of the Early Jurassic Mammaliaform Hadrocodium wui
Reexamination of the Mandibular and Dental Morphology of the Early Jurassic Mammaliaform Hadrocodium wui Open
Luo, Zhe-Xi, Bhullar, Bhart-Anjan S., Crompton, Alfred W., Neander, April I., Rowe, Timothy B. (2022): Reexamination of the mandibular and dental morphology of the Early Jurassic mammaliaform Hadrocodium wui. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica …
View article: The functional diversity of marsupial limbs is influenced by both ecology and developmental constraint
The functional diversity of marsupial limbs is influenced by both ecology and developmental constraint Open
Extant marsupials are less ecologically diverse than placentals, and this is reflected by placentals exhibiting a greater diversity of locomotor modes, including powered flight and fully aquatic swimming. One proposed explanation for this …
View article: Postcrania of <i>Borealestes</i> (Mammaliformes, Docodonta) and the emergence of ecomorphological diversity in early mammals
Postcrania of <i>Borealestes</i> (Mammaliformes, Docodonta) and the emergence of ecomorphological diversity in early mammals Open
The Middle Jurassic witnessed the early diversification of mammal groups, including the stem‐mammalian clade, Docodonta. Recent discoveries in China indicate docodontans exhibited ecomorphological diversity akin to small‐bodied mammals liv…
View article: Inner ear biomechanics reveals Late Triassic origin of mammalian endothermy
Inner ear biomechanics reveals Late Triassic origin of mammalian endothermy Open
Endothermy (“warm-bloodedness”) underpins the ecological dominance of mammals and birds in diverse environmental settings^1-3. However, it is unclear when this crucial feature emerged during mammalian evolutionary history, as most fossil e…
View article: New species of mammaliaform and the cranium of<i>Borealestes</i>(Mammaliformes: Docodonta) from the Middle Jurassic of the British Isles
New species of mammaliaform and the cranium of<i>Borealestes</i>(Mammaliformes: Docodonta) from the Middle Jurassic of the British Isles Open
Docodonta are one of the earliest diverging groups of mammaliaforms, and their morphology provides key information on the transition between non-mammalian cynodonts and Mammalia. We describe the partial skulls of two docodontans Borealeste…
View article: Morphology of the petrosal and stapes of <i>Borealestes</i> (Mammaliaformes, Docodonta) from the Middle Jurassic of Skye, Scotland
Morphology of the petrosal and stapes of <i>Borealestes</i> (Mammaliaformes, Docodonta) from the Middle Jurassic of Skye, Scotland Open
We describe, in unprecedented detail, the petrosals and stapes of the docodont Borealestes from the Middle Jurassic of Scotland, using high resolution μ CT and phase‐contrast synchrotron imaging. We describe the inner ear endocast and the …
View article: A new developmental mechanism for the separation of the mammalian middle ear ossicles from the jaw
A new developmental mechanism for the separation of the mammalian middle ear ossicles from the jaw Open
Multiple mammalian lineages independently evolved a definitive mammalian middle ear (DMME) through breakdown of Meckel's cartilage (MC). However, the cellular and molecular drivers of this evolutionary transition remain unknown for most ma…
View article: Supplementary material from "A new developmental mechanism for the separation of the mammalian middle ear ossicles from the jaw"
Supplementary material from "A new developmental mechanism for the separation of the mammalian middle ear ossicles from the jaw" Open
Multiple mammalian lineages independently evolved a definitive mammalian middle ear (DMME) through breakdown of Meckel's cartilage (MC). However, the cellular and molecular drivers of this evolutionary transition remain unknown for most ma…
View article: Morphological evolution of the mammalian jaw adductor complex
Morphological evolution of the mammalian jaw adductor complex Open
The evolution of the mammalian jaw during the transition from non‐mammalian synapsids to crown mammals is a key event in vertebrate history and characterised by the gradual reduction of its individual bones into a single element and the co…