Investigating the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack performance degradation phenomena is of vital importance for product development. In the study, the 1000 h durability experiment of a 5-kW fuel cell stack was performed under dynamic cyclic test conditions, and the test data containing 16 key parameters was utilized to develop the performance prediction framework based on long short-term memory (LSTM) model and LSTM model incorporating attention mechanism (Attention-LSTM). Data preprocessing and po…

This Element proposes an alternative framework for rethinking the role of finance in serving the real economy from the perspective of New Structural Financial Economics. It challenges the conventional wisdom that developing countries should take the financial structure of developed countries as the benchmark and financial structure does not matter in spurring long-run economic development. As a sub-discipline of New Structural Economics, New Structural Financial Economics has three tenets. First, examining the app…

Mode splitters that directly separate modes without changing their orders are highly promising to improve the flexibility of the mode-division multiplexing systems. In this paper, we design a high-performance mode splitter on the silicon-on-insulator platform with a compact footprint of 14 µm× 2.5 µm using an inverse design method based on shape optimization. The fabrication of this mode splitter requires only a single lithography step and exhibits good fabrication tolerances. The experimental results show that th…

The study examines the impact of individual competencies on the qualitative research interview process, particularly in the context of internet-mediated data collection, which has become increasingly prevalent post-pandemic. The decline in traditional interviewing skills among recent graduates poses significant challenges for businesses relying on qualitative insights for strategic decisions. This research identifies critical gaps in the preparation and execution of qualitative interviews by business students, emp…

In this paper, we investigate the root cause for large MSMEs finance gap. We advance five propositions for the mechanism through which the distorted financial structure generated by a comparative-advantage-defying strategy leads to large MSMEs finance gap. We then use panel data from 115 countries to test the propositions and find that, the adoption of a comparative-advantage-defying strategy accelerates the development of state-owned enterprises in capital-intensive industries, leading to concentrated banking sec…