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View article: Akt Suppresses Retrograde Degeneration of Dopaminergic Axons by Inhibition of Macroautophagy
Akt Suppresses Retrograde Degeneration of Dopaminergic Axons by Inhibition of Macroautophagy Open
Axon degeneration is a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Such degeneration is not a passive event but rather an active process mediated by mechanisms that are distinct from the c…
View article: Adaptive autophagy in Alexander disease-affected astrocytes
Adaptive autophagy in Alexander disease-affected astrocytes Open
The ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy-lysosomal pathways are the two main routes of protein and organelle clearance in eukaryotic cells. The proteasome system is responsible for unfolded, short-lived proteins, which precludes the clearanc…
View article: Neuronal pigmented autophagic vacuoles: lipofuscin, neuromelanin, and ceroid as macroautophagic responses during aging and disease
Neuronal pigmented autophagic vacuoles: lipofuscin, neuromelanin, and ceroid as macroautophagic responses during aging and disease Open
The most striking morphologic change in neurons during normal aging is the accumulation of autophagic vacuoles filled with lipofuscin or neuromelanin pigments. These organelles are similar to those containing the ceroid pigments associated…
View article: Correction: Methamphetamine Inhibits Antigen Processing, Presentation, and Phagocytosis
Correction: Methamphetamine Inhibits Antigen Processing, Presentation, and Phagocytosis Open
Methamphetamine (Meth) is abused by over 35 million people worldwide.Chronic Meth abuse may be particularly devastating in individuals who engage in unprotected sex with multiple partners because it is associated with a 2-fold higher risk …
View article: Methamphetamine Inhibits Antigen Processing, Presentation, and Phagocytosis
Methamphetamine Inhibits Antigen Processing, Presentation, and Phagocytosis Open
Methamphetamine (Meth) is abused by over 35 million people worldwide. Chronic Meth abuse may be particularly devastating in individuals who engage in unprotected sex with multiple partners because it is associated with a 2-fold higher risk…
View article: Autophagy induced by Alexander disease-mutant GFAP accumulation is regulated by p38/MAPK and mTOR signaling pathways
Autophagy induced by Alexander disease-mutant GFAP accumulation is regulated by p38/MAPK and mTOR signaling pathways Open
Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is the principle intermediate filament (IF) protein in astrocytes. Mutations in the GFAP gene lead to Alexander disease (AxD), a rare, fatal neurological disorder characterized by the presence of abno…
View article: Dopamine-modified α-synuclein blocks chaperone-mediated autophagy
Dopamine-modified α-synuclein blocks chaperone-mediated autophagy Open
Altered degradation of alpha-synuclein (alpha-syn) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease (PD). We have shown that alpha-syn can be degraded via chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), a selective lysosomal mechanism for …
View article: PKR-Dependent Xenophagic Degradation of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1
PKR-Dependent Xenophagic Degradation of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Open
The lysosomal pathway of autophagy is the major catabolic mechanism for degrading long-lived cellular proteins and cytoplasmic organelles. Recent studies have also shown that autophagy (xenophagy) may be used to degrade bacterial pathogens…
View article: Regulation of starvation- and virus-induced autophagy by the eIF2α kinase signaling pathway
Regulation of starvation- and virus-induced autophagy by the eIF2α kinase signaling pathway Open
The eIF2α kinases are a family of evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinases that regulate stress-induced translational arrest. Here, we demonstrate that the yeast eIF2α kinase, GCN2 , the target phosphorylation site of Gcn2p, Ser-5…
View article: The [<i>KIL-d</i>] Element Specifically Regulates Viral Gene Expression in Yeast
The [<i>KIL-d</i>] Element Specifically Regulates Viral Gene Expression in Yeast Open
The cytoplasmically inherited [KIL-d] element epigenetically regulates killer virus gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. [KIL-d] results in variegated defects in expression of the M double-stranded RNA viral segment in haploid cell…
View article: The [KIL-d] Cytoplasmic Genetic Element of Yeast Results in Epigenetic Regulation of Viral M Double-Stranded RNA Gene Expression
The [KIL-d] Cytoplasmic Genetic Element of Yeast Results in Epigenetic Regulation of Viral M Double-Stranded RNA Gene Expression Open
[KIL-d] is a cytoplasmically inherited genetic trait that causes killer virus-infected cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to express the normal killer phenotypes in a/α cells, but to show variegated defective killer phenotypes in a or α typ…