Clos network ≈ Clos network
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Re-architecting datacenter networks and stacks for low latency and high performance Open
Modern datacenter networks provide very high capacity via redundant Clos topologies and low switch latency, but transport protocols rarely deliver matching performance. We present NDP, a novel data-center transport architecture that achiev…
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ProjecToR Open
We explore a novel, free-space optics based approach for building data center interconnects. It uses a digital micromirror device (DMD) and mirror assembly combination as a transmitter and a photodetector on top of the rack as a receiver (…
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Jupiter evolving Open
We present a decade of evolution and production experience with Jupiter datacenter network fabrics. In this period Jupiter has delivered 5x higher speed and capacity, 30% reduction in capex, 41% reduction in power, incremental deployment a…
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Scalable Microring-Based Silicon Clos Switch Fabric With Switch-and-Select Stages Open
We propose and analyze a scalable microring-based Clos switch fabric architecture constructed with switch-and-select switching stages. A silicon 4 × 4 building block that was designed and fabricated through American Institute for Manufactu…
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Bloom’s Learning Outcomes’ Automatic Classification Using LSTM and Pretrained Word Embeddings Open
Bloom’s taxonomy is a popular model to classify educational learning objectives into different learning levels for three domains including cognitive, affective and psycho motor. Each domain is further detailed into different levels. The co…
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Spatial Channel Cross-Connect Architectures for Spatial Channel Networks Open
A spatial channel network (SCN) is a novel optical network architecture targeting the space division multiplexing (SDM) era where the optical layer is explicitly evolved into the hierarchical SDM layer and wavelength division multiplexing …
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Fully programmable and scalable optical switching fabric for petabyte data center Open
We present a converged EPS and OCS switching fabric for data center networks (DCNs) based on a distributed optical switching architecture leveraging both WDM & SDM technologies. The architecture is topology adaptive, well suited to dynamic…
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Chlamydia-Like Organisms (CLOs) in Finnish Ixodes ricinus Ticks and Human Skin Open
Ticks carry several human pathogenic microbes including Borreliae and Flavivirus causing tick-born encephalitis. Ticks can also carry DNA of Chlamydia-like organisms (CLOs). The purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence of CL…
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A throughput-centric view of the performance of datacenter topologies Open
While prior work has explored many proposed datacenter designs, only two designs, Clos-based and expander-based, are generally considered practical because they can scale using commodity switching chips. Prior work has used two different m…
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Who Owns U.S. CLO Securities Open
Despite the increasing importance of U.S. CLOs, information on the holders of U.S. CLO securities is very limited. This note provides a breakdown of CLO investors by location and investor type using data from the Treasury International Cap…
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Simulation studies of elastic optical networks based on 3-stage Clos switching fabric Open
This article presents simulation studies of elastic optical switching fabrics. Simulation experiments were conducted using the software developed by the authors. The simulator allows one to determine the loss probability for individual tra…
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Risk based planning of network changes in evolving data centers Open
Data center networks evolve as they serve customer traffic. When applying network changes, operators risk impacting customer traffic because the network operates at reduced capacity and is more vulnerable to failures and traffic variations…
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Cod Liver Oil’s Encapsulation into Sodium Alginate/Lupin Protein Beads and Its Application in Functional Meatballs’ Preparation Open
Cod liver oil (CLO) is an essential source of healthy ω-3 fatty acids to be employed in functional meals. However, its autoxidation sensitivity, solubility, and odour present it as challenging to handle. Its encapsulation might mitigate th…
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Molecular Evidence of Chlamydia-Like Organisms in the Feces of Myotis daubentonii Bats Open
Chlamydia -like organisms (CLOs) are recently identified members of the Chlamydiales order. CLOs share intracellular lifestyles and biphasic developmental cycles, and they have been detected in environmental samples as well as in various h…
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Threshold-Based Routing-Topology Co-Design for Optical Data Center Open
Despite the bandwidth scaling limit of electrical switching and the high cost of building Clos data center networks (DCNs), the adoption of optical DCNs is still limited.There are two reasons.First, existing optical DCN designs usually fac…
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Futuristic Trends and Innovations for Examining the Performance of Course Learning Outcomes Using the Rasch Analytical Model Open
The literature on engineering education research highlights the relevance of evaluating course learning outcomes (CLOs). However, generic and reliable mechanisms for evaluating CLOs remain challenges. The purpose of this project was to acc…
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Modelling and Optimization of Multi-Service Optical Switching Networks with Threshold Management Mechanisms Open
DWDM networks make use of optical switching networks that allow light waves of multiple lengths to be serviced and provide the possibility of converting them appropriately. Research work on optical switching networks focuses on two main ar…
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Who Owns U.S. CLO Securities? An Update by Tranche Open
Against the backdrop of the COVID-19 crisis, leveraged loans have deteriorated and concerns about CLOs, the main buyers of loans on the secondary market, have increased. These concerns have reduced the demand for new CLOs, making it harder…
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Designing data center networks using bottleneck structures Open
This paper provides a mathematical model of data center performance based on the recently introduced Quantitative Theory of Bottleneck Structures (QTBS). Using the model, we prove that if the traffic pattern is \textit{interference-free}, …
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The Proposed Methods to Improve Teaching of Software Engineering Open
The use of software is an essential part of our modern lives.Hence, this increases the importance of studying Software Engineering (SE) course.In general, the software engineering graduates usually lack the necessary skills, expertise, abi…
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Determination of Traffic Characteristics of Elastic Optical Networks Nodes with Reservation Mechanisms Open
With the ever-increasing demand for bandwidth, appropriate mechanisms that would provide reliable and optimum service level to designated or specified traffic classes during heavy traffic loads in networks are becoming particularly sought …
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Novel Benes Network Routing Algorithm and Hardware Implementation Open
Benes/Clos networks constitute a particularly important part of interconnection networks and have been used in numerous areas, such as multi-processor systems, data centers and on-chip networks. They have also attracted great interest in t…
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High-capacity strictly non-blocking optical switches based on new dual principle Open
In this paper the new dual principle of designing high-capacity strictly non-blocking optical switches is presented for the first time. The new type of switches with decentralized control based on the dual principle has been developed for …
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Programmable residues defined networks for edge data centres Open
Edge Data Centres (EDC) are often managed by a single administrative entity with logically centralized control. The architectural split of control and data planes and the new control plane abstractions have been touted as Software-Defined …
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Towards highly available clos-based WAN routers Open
The performance and availability of cloud and content providers often depends on the wide area networks (WANs) they use to interconnect their datacenters. WAN routers, which connect to each other using trunks (bundles of links), are someti…
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Modeling of Clos Switching Structures with Dynamically Variable Number of Active Switches in the Spine Stage Open
This article proposes a new analytical model of a switching structure using a Clos network topology. The assumption is that, in the structure under consideration, it is possible to switch off temporarily a certain number of spine switches …
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Obtaining ABET Student Outcome Satisfaction from Course Learning Outcome Data Using Fuzzy Logic Open
Background:Transformation of CLO satisfaction data to ABET SO satisfaction data using crisp values of the parameters with a 0/1 mapping between CLOs and SOs has been presented earlier. No fuzzy logic application has been presented for tran…
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On Random Wiring in Practicable Folded Clos Networks for Modern Datacenters Open
Big scale, high performance and fault-tolerance, low-cost and graceful expandability are pursued features in current datacenter networks (DCN). Although there have been many proposals for DCNs, most modern installations are equipped with c…
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Common health assets protocol: a mixed-methods, realist evaluation and economic appraisal of how community-led organisations (CLOs) impact on the health and well-being of people living in deprived areas Open
Introduction This research investigates how community-led organisations’ (CLOs’) use of assets-based approaches improves health and well-being, and how that might be different in different contexts. Assets-based approaches involve ‘doing w…
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Nonblocking Clos networks of multiple ROADM rings for mega data centers Open
Optical networks have been introduced to meet the bandwidth requirement of mega data centers (DC). Most existing approaches are neither scalable to face the massive growth of DCs, nor contention-free enough to provide full bisection bandwi…