Radiosonde ≈ Radiosonde
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The ERA5 global reanalysis Open
Within the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), ECMWF is producing the ERA5 reanalysis which, once completed, will embody a detailed record of the global atmosphere, land surface and ocean waves from 1950 onwards. This new reanalysis r…
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The JRA-55 Reanalysis: General Specifications and Basic Characteristics Open
The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) conducted the second Japanese global atmospheric reanalysis, called the Japanese 55-year Reanalysis or JRA-55. It covers the period from 1958, when regular radiosonde observations began on a global bas…
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The climatology of planetary boundary layer height in China derived fromradiosonde and reanalysis data Open
The important roles of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) in climate, weather and air quality have long been recognized, but little is known about the PBL climatology in China. Using the fine-resolution sounding observations made across Ch…
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The JRA-55 Reanalysis: Representation of Atmospheric Circulation and Climate Variability Open
This study investigates the quality of the Japanese 55-year Reanalysis (JRA-55), which is the second global reanalysis constructed by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), by comparing it with other reanalyses and observational datasets. …
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Mixing layer height and its implications for air pollution over Beijing, China Open
The mixing layer is an important meteorological factor that affects air pollution. In this study, the atmospheric mixing layer height (MLH) was observed in Beijing from July 2009 to December 2012 using a ceilometer. By comparison with radi…
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Improved Performance of ERA5 in Arctic Gateway Relative to Four Global Atmospheric Reanalyses Open
Here we evaluate five atmospheric reanalyses in an Arctic gateway during late summer. The reanalyses include ERA5, ERA‐Interim, Japanese 55 year Re‐Analysis (JRA‐55), Climate Forecasting System Reanalysis‐version 2 (CFSv2), and Modern Era …
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COSMIC‐2 Radio Occultation Constellation: First Results Open
Initial data from the Formosa Satellite‐7/Constellation Observing System for Meteorology Ionosphere and Climate (FORMOSAT‐7/COSMIC‐2, hereafter C2), a recently launched equatorial constellation of six satellites carrying advanced radio occ…
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Enhancing the Data Coverage in the Integrated Global Radiosonde Archive Open
The Integrated Global Radiosonde Archive (IGRA) is a collection of historical and near-real-time radiosonde and pilot balloon observations from around the globe. Consisting of a foundational dataset of individual soundings, a set of soundi…
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Shift in the Temporal Trend of Boundary Layer Height in China Using Long‐Term (1979–2016) Radiosonde Data Open
The knowledge regarding how the boundary layer height (BLH) changes over time is still poor. Here we analyze the spatial and temporal changes in radiosonde‐derived measurements of BLH over China from 1979 to 2016. A qualitatively robust an…
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The anomalous change in the QBO in 2015–2016 Open
The quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) is a tropical lower stratospheric, downward propagating zonal wind variation, with an average period of ~28 months. The QBO has been constantly documented since 1953. Here we describe the evolution of t…
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Global water vapor variability and trend from the latest 36 year (1979 to 2014) data of ECMWF and NCEP reanalyses, radiosonde, GPS, and microwave satellite Open
The variability and trend in global precipitable water vapor (PWV) from 1979 to 2014 are analyzed using the PWV data sets from the ERA‐Interim reanalysis of the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), reanalysis of the …
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The Deep Propagating Gravity Wave Experiment (DEEPWAVE): An Airborne and Ground-Based Exploration of Gravity Wave Propagation and Effects from Their Sources throughout the Lower and Middle Atmosphere Open
The Deep Propagating Gravity Wave Experiment (DEEPWAVE) was designed to quantify gravity wave (GW) dynamics and effects from orographic and other sources to regions of dissipation at high altitudes. The core DEEPWAVE field phase took place…
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Investigation of near-global daytime boundary layer height using high-resolution radiosondes: first results and comparison with ERA5, MERRA-2, JRA-55, and NCEP-2 reanalyses Open
The planetary boundary layer (PBL) governs the vertical transport of mass, momentum, and moisture between the surface and the free atmosphere, and thus the determination of PBL height (BLH) is recognized as crucial for air quality, weather…
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Long-range-transported Canadian smoke plumes in the lower stratosphere over northern France Open
Long-range-transported Canadian smoke layers in the stratosphere over northern France were detected by three lidar systems in August 2017. The peaked optical depth of the stratospheric smoke layer exceeds 0.20 at 532 nm, which is comparabl…
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Sensitivity of boundary-layer variables to PBL schemes in the WRF model based on surface meteorological observations, lidar, and radiosondes during the HygrA-CD campaign Open
Air quality forecast systems need reliable and accurate representations of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) to perform well. An important question is how accurately numerical weather prediction models can reproduce conditions in diverse …
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Multi-GNSS Meteorology: Real-Time Retrieving of Atmospheric Water Vapor From BeiDou, Galileo, GLONASS, and GPS Observations Open
The rapid development of multi-Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs, e.g., BeiDou, Galileo, GLONASS, and GPS) and the International GNSS Service (IGS) Multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX) brings great opportunities and challenges for real-ti…
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Does Strong Tropospheric Forcing Cause Large‐Amplitude Mesospheric Gravity Waves? A DEEPWAVE Case Study Open
On 4 July 2014, during the Deep Propagating Gravity Wave Experiment (DEEPWAVE), strong low‐level horizontal winds of up to 35 m s −1 over the Southern Alps, New Zealand, caused the excitation of gravity waves having the largest vertical en…
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An Improved Single-Channel Method to Retrieve Land Surface Temperature from the Landsat-8 Thermal Band Open
Land surface temperature (LST) is one of the sources of input data for modeling land surface processes. The Landsat satellite series is the only operational mission with more than 30 years of archived thermal infrared imagery from which we…
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Atmospheric Boundary Layer Classification With Doppler Lidar Open
We present a method using Doppler lidar data for identifying the main sources of turbulent mixing within the atmospheric boundary layer. The method identifies the presence of turbulence and then assigns a turbulent source by combining seve…
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Global climatology and trends in convective environments from ERA5 and rawinsonde data Open
Globally, thunderstorms are responsible for a significant fraction of rainfall, and in the mid-latitudes often produce extreme weather, including large hail, tornadoes and damaging winds. Despite this importance, how the global frequency o…
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Validation of Aeolus winds using radiosonde observations and numerical weather prediction model equivalents Open
In August 2018, the first Doppler wind lidar, developed by the European Space Agency (ESA), was launched on board the Aeolus satellite into space. Providing atmospheric wind profiles on a global basis, the Earth Explorer mission is expecte…
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Observed Temperature Changes in the Troposphere and Stratosphere from 1979 to 2018 Open
Temperature observations of the upper-air atmosphere are now available for more than 40 years from both ground- and satellite-based observing systems. Recent years have seen substantial improvements in reducing long-standing discrepancies …
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Improvements to the AERIoe Thermodynamic Profile Retrieval Algorithm Open
Temperature and humidity profiles in the atmospheric boundary layer (i.e., from the surface to 3 km) can be retrieved from ground-based spectral infrared observations made by the atmospheric emitted radiance interferometer (AERI) at high t…
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Comparison of Convective Parameters Derived from ERA5 and MERRA-2 with Rawinsonde Data over Europe and North America Open
In this study we compared 3.7 million rawinsonde observations from 232 stations over Europe and North America with proximal vertical profiles from ERA5 and MERRA-2 to examine how well reanalysis depicts observed convective parameters. Larg…
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Diagnosing Observed Stratospheric Water Vapor Relationships to the Cold Point Tropical Tropopause Open
Dehydration at the tropical cold point tropopause primarily controls the entry value of water vapor to the stratosphere, with additional (uncertain) contributions from subtropical monsoonal circulations and extreme deep convection. Here we…
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An assessment of the performance of a 1.5 μm Doppler lidar for operational vertical wind profiling based on a 1-year trial Open
We present the results of a 1-year quasi-operational testing of the 1.5 μm StreamLine Doppler lidar developed by Halo Photonics from 2 October 2012 to 2 October 2013. The system was configured to continuously perform a velocity-azimuth dis…
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Atmospheric Moisture Transport to the Arctic: Assessment of Reanalyses and Analysis of Transport Components Open
The atmospheric water cycle of the Arctic is evaluated via seven global reanalyses and in radiosonde observations covering the 1979–2013 period. In the regional moisture budget, evaporation and precipitation are the least consistent terms …
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The significant impact of aerosol vertical structure on lower atmosphere stability and its critical role in aerosol–planetary boundary layer (PBL) interactions Open
The aerosol–planetary boundary layer (PBL) interaction was proposed as an important mechanism to stabilize the atmosphere and exacerbate surface air pollution. Despite the tremendous progress made in understanding this process, its magnitu…
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Observing Convective Aggregation Open
Convective self-aggregation, the spontaneous organization of initially scattered convection into isolated convective clusters despite spatially homogeneous boundary conditions and forcing, was first recognized and studied in idealized nume…
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Regional and Seasonal Trends in Tropical Ozone From SHADOZ Profiles: Reference for Models and Satellite Products Open
Understanding lowermost stratosphere (LMS) ozone variability is an important topic in the trends and climate assessment communities because of feedbacks among changing temperature, dynamics, and ozone. LMS evaluations are usually based on …