Tempering
View article: CREATION OF A HARDENED LAYER IN LOW-ALLOY STEEL PART BY SIMPLIFIED CARBON DEPOSITION PROCESS IN SHELL MOLDING
CREATION OF A HARDENED LAYER IN LOW-ALLOY STEEL PART BY SIMPLIFIED CARBON DEPOSITION PROCESS IN SHELL MOLDING Open
Shell Molding is a casting process that uses sand coated with thermosetting resin to produce thin and resistant molds, enabling the manufacturing of metal parts with high precision, good surface finish, and complex geometries, while reduci…
View article: CREATION OF A HARDENED LAYER IN LOW-ALLOY STEEL PART BY SIMPLIFIED CARBON DEPOSITION PROCESS IN SHELL MOLDING
CREATION OF A HARDENED LAYER IN LOW-ALLOY STEEL PART BY SIMPLIFIED CARBON DEPOSITION PROCESS IN SHELL MOLDING Open
Shell Molding is a casting process that uses sand coated with thermosetting resin to produce thin and resistant molds, enabling the manufacturing of metal parts with high precision, good surface finish, and complex geometries, while reduci…
View article: “Densification and thermal properties of cylindrical graphite-based fuel elements used in a molten salt reactor”
“Densification and thermal properties of cylindrical graphite-based fuel elements used in a molten salt reactor” Open
Based on the service characteristics of fuel elements for molten salt reactors, the design and preparation of fuel elements with high power density, densification resistance to coolant infiltration, and excellent thermodynamic properties a…
View article: Quenching Internal Stress Evolution and Shape Control in Gigapascal Ultra-High-Strength Martensitic Steel
Quenching Internal Stress Evolution and Shape Control in Gigapascal Ultra-High-Strength Martensitic Steel Open
Gigapascal ultra-high-strength steel holds significant applications in the energy and military sectors. Such steel is typically produced through quenching and tempering processes. However, during quenching, issues such as excessive interna…
View article: Construction of a Gradient Nanostructure for Enhanced Surface Properties in 38CrMoAl Steel via Ultrasonic Severe Surface Rolling
Construction of a Gradient Nanostructure for Enhanced Surface Properties in 38CrMoAl Steel via Ultrasonic Severe Surface Rolling Open
Fabrication of gradient nanostructure on metal surfaces is recognized as an effective approach for enhancing mechanical and surface properties, as well as serving as a pretreatment for subsequent surface engineering. Unfortunately, their f…
View article: Comparative Study of Different Additive Manufacturing Methods for H13 Tool Steel
Comparative Study of Different Additive Manufacturing Methods for H13 Tool Steel Open
Additive manufacturing (AM) of hot-work tool steels such as H13 offers unique opportunities for producing complex, conformally cooled tools with reduced production time and material waste. In this study, five metal AM technologies—Fused De…
View article: Effect of tempering temperature on hydrogen embrittlement of X60 pipeline steel
Effect of tempering temperature on hydrogen embrittlement of X60 pipeline steel Open
View article: Quenching & Tempering in Steel: Correlation of Phase Fraction with Tensile, Impact, and Compression Test Results
Quenching & Tempering in Steel: Correlation of Phase Fraction with Tensile, Impact, and Compression Test Results Open
View article: Fractal Model of the Influence of Aggressive Environments on the Mechanical Properties of Heat-Resistant Steel 25CrMo4
Fractal Model of the Influence of Aggressive Environments on the Mechanical Properties of Heat-Resistant Steel 25CrMo4 Open
The paper presents the results of a study of the effect of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) on the mechanical properties and microstructure of heat-resistant 25CrMo4 steel subjected to heat treatment and exposure to H2S for 730 hours without extern…
View article: Effects of Heat Treatments on Fatigue Damage of Aluminum Alloy 2017A
Effects of Heat Treatments on Fatigue Damage of Aluminum Alloy 2017A Open
This study investigates how heat treatment affects the mechanical properties and microstructure of extruded AA2017 aluminum alloy. Quenching (icy water vs. liquid nitrogen) and tempering (T6: 120–160°C; T7: 240°C) significantly alter hardn…
View article: Properties of H13 Tool Steel Produced by Various Additive Technologies
Properties of H13 Tool Steel Produced by Various Additive Technologies Open
The article describes the results of the heat treatment of additively manufactured (AM) parts made of AISI H13 tool steel. Powder Bed Fusion (PBF), Direct metal Deposition (DED) and Metal Jet Printing (MJP) technologies were used for print…
View article: Enhancement of Mechanical Integrity in Arc-Welded AISI 1035 Steel Through Post-Weld Tempering for Oil and Gas Applications
Enhancement of Mechanical Integrity in Arc-Welded AISI 1035 Steel Through Post-Weld Tempering for Oil and Gas Applications Open
The use of welded medium-carbon steels is increasing within the oil and gas industry, which requires these materials to resist corrosive environments, extreme temperatures and cyclic loading. This investigation analyzes the effects of Post…
View article: Low-carbon S30C Steel with Superior Strength and Ductility Fabricated by Powder Bed Fusion-Electron Beam
Low-carbon S30C Steel with Superior Strength and Ductility Fabricated by Powder Bed Fusion-Electron Beam Open
This study demonstrates the potential of electron beam powder bed fusion (PBF-EB) for the fabrication of low-carbon S30C steel with superior strength and ductility. In addition to investigating the effect of preheating temperature on micro…
View article: Machine learning study of surface reconstructions of the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Cu</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>111</mml:mn> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:math> surface
Machine learning study of surface reconstructions of the surface Open
The atomic structure of the most stable reconstructed surface of cuprous oxide ( Cu 2 O ) ( 111 ) surface has been a longstanding topic of debate. In this study, we develop on-the-fly machine-learned force fields (MLFFs) to systemati…
View article: Additive Manufacturing of Hot Work Tool Steel by Laser Powder Bed Fusion Utilizing Powder Mixtures Including Grinding Chips: Assessing Chemical Homogeneity and Achievable Hardness
Additive Manufacturing of Hot Work Tool Steel by Laser Powder Bed Fusion Utilizing Powder Mixtures Including Grinding Chips: Assessing Chemical Homogeneity and Achievable Hardness Open
Additive manufacturing offers potential benefits in tooling, such as reduced lead times and improved service life. However, carbon martensitic tool steels are prone to cold cracking during additive manufacturing. This can be mitigated by a…
View article: Data-efficient U-Net for Segmentation of Carbide Microstructures in SEM Images of Steel Alloys
Data-efficient U-Net for Segmentation of Carbide Microstructures in SEM Images of Steel Alloys Open
Understanding reactor-pressure-vessel steel microstructure is crucial for predicting mechanical properties, as carbide precipitates both strengthen the alloy and can initiate cracks. In scanning electron microscopy images, gray-value overl…
View article: Data-efficient U-Net for Segmentation of Carbide Microstructures in SEM Images of Steel Alloys
Data-efficient U-Net for Segmentation of Carbide Microstructures in SEM Images of Steel Alloys Open
Understanding reactor-pressure-vessel steel microstructure is crucial for predicting mechanical properties, as carbide precipitates both strengthen the alloy and can initiate cracks. In scanning electron microscopy images, gray-value overl…
View article: Synergistic effects of cryogenic treatment and tempering on mechanical and microstructural properties of M42 HSS
Synergistic effects of cryogenic treatment and tempering on mechanical and microstructural properties of M42 HSS Open
High-speed steel (HSS) tools like M42 must perform well in precision machining applications that require hardness, stability, and wear resistance. The liquid nitrogen cryogenic treatment turns retained austenite into martensite and precipi…
View article: Heat Treatment of 440C Stainless Steel: Mechanical and Electrochemical Behaviour
Heat Treatment of 440C Stainless Steel: Mechanical and Electrochemical Behaviour Open
This study aims to evaluate the effects of different heat treatment routes on the microstructure, mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and tribological performance of 440C stainless steel, with comparative analysis against 416 mart…
View article: Bainite and Martensite in Steels: Phase Transformations, Tempering and Pathways to Equilibrium
Bainite and Martensite in Steels: Phase Transformations, Tempering and Pathways to Equilibrium Open
This study provides an in-depth educational resource on phase transformations in steel. It begins by establishing fundamental concepts, including equilibrium and non-equilibrium transformations, various crystal structures, and the role of …
View article: Bainite and Martensite in Steels: Phase Transformations, Tempering and Pathways to Equilibrium
Bainite and Martensite in Steels: Phase Transformations, Tempering and Pathways to Equilibrium Open
This study provides an in-depth educational resource on phase transformations in steel. It begins by establishing fundamental concepts, including equilibrium and non-equilibrium transformations, various crystal structures, and the role of …
View article: Modeling Water Absorption of Intact Bulgur During Tempering at Different Temperatures and Moisture Levels
Modeling Water Absorption of Intact Bulgur During Tempering at Different Temperatures and Moisture Levels Open
This study investigated the effects of varying temperatures and initial moisture contents on the water absorption kinetics of bulgur during tempering. Three mathematical models‐Peleg, modified page, and logarithmic‐ were fitted to the expe…
View article: Effects of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of CLF-1 steel for fusion blankets
Effects of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of CLF-1 steel for fusion blankets Open
CLF-1 steel has been recognized as a preferred structural material for fusion reactor blanket modules. Its standard heat treatment involves normalization followed by tempering. This study examines the effects of various heat treatment cond…
View article: Effect of heat treatment conditions on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties in SA508 Grade 3 steel fabricated by PM-HIP
Effect of heat treatment conditions on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties in SA508 Grade 3 steel fabricated by PM-HIP Open
In this study, SA508 Grade 3 steel, representatively employed in reactor pressure vessels, was produced via the powder metallurgy-hot isostatic pressing (PM-HIP) method. The study focused on examining the influence of post-heat treatment p…
View article: Studi Eksperimental Pengaruh Variasi Parameter Perlakuan Panas terhadap Kekerasan Baja Tulangan Polos BJTP280
Studi Eksperimental Pengaruh Variasi Parameter Perlakuan Panas terhadap Kekerasan Baja Tulangan Polos BJTP280 Open
The construction and manufacturing industries require materials with optimal mechanical properties, particularly hardness and toughness. BJTP280 structural steel, classified as low-carbon steel, has the potential to enhance its mechanical …
View article: Effect of heat treatment process on microstructure and properties of martensitic stainless steel pipe
Effect of heat treatment process on microstructure and properties of martensitic stainless steel pipe Open
With the increasing depth of oil and gas wells, the pressure of oil and gas reservoirs and the content of corrosive gases continue to rise, posing severe challenges to the service safety of oil and gas equipment. To develop material proces…
View article: The effect of tempering on carbide-free bainitic steel
The effect of tempering on carbide-free bainitic steel Open
Diese Studie untersucht die mikrostrukturelle Entwicklung eines karbidfreien bainitischen Stahls mit einer chemischen Zusammensetzung von 0,4 Gew.-% C, 1,5 Gew.-% Mn und 1,5 Gew.-% Si während der isothermen Wärmebehandlung. Der Schwerpunkt…
View article: ROLE OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE TEMPERING IN FORMATION OF STRUCTURAL-PHASE STATES OF PLASMA-DEPOSITED MOLYBDENUM HIGH-SPEED STEEL
ROLE OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE TEMPERING IN FORMATION OF STRUCTURAL-PHASE STATES OF PLASMA-DEPOSITED MOLYBDENUM HIGH-SPEED STEEL Open
View article: Convergence of Pathways to Equilibrium During Tempering of Bainitic and Martensitic Structures in a High-Si Medium Carbon Steel.
Convergence of Pathways to Equilibrium During Tempering of Bainitic and Martensitic Structures in a High-Si Medium Carbon Steel. Open
This research reveals the convergent nature of bainitic and martensitic microstructures during high-temperature tempering in a high-silicon medium carbon steel, while examining their distinct transformation pathways across temperatures ran…
View article: Convergence of Pathways to Equilibrium During Tempering of Bainitic and Martensitic Structures in a High-Si Medium Carbon Steel.
Convergence of Pathways to Equilibrium During Tempering of Bainitic and Martensitic Structures in a High-Si Medium Carbon Steel. Open