Kappa
View article: Reliability of the Modified Ashworth Scale in post-stroke spasticity assessment
Reliability of the Modified Ashworth Scale in post-stroke spasticity assessment Open
Introduction Spasticity evaluation in stroke survivors is crucial for effective rehabilitation. The Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) is commonly used for this purpose, but its reliability when administered by less expe-rienced individuals lik…
View article: Expert Consensus and Reliability Validation of the Portfolio Assessment Guideline for Chinese Practical Writing: An Empirical Study Based on Fleiss’ Kappa
Expert Consensus and Reliability Validation of the Portfolio Assessment Guideline for Chinese Practical Writing: An Empirical Study Based on Fleiss’ Kappa Open
View article: Diagnostic and Treatment Concordance Among Primary Care Doctors Delivering Mental Health Care: Results from an Effectiveness–implementation Hybrid Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial of an “Add-on Online Mental Health Training”
Diagnostic and Treatment Concordance Among Primary Care Doctors Delivering Mental Health Care: Results from an Effectiveness–implementation Hybrid Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial of an “Add-on Online Mental Health Training” Open
Background: Training primary care doctors (PCDs) to manage common psychiatric conditions is seen as a key strategy to reduce the treatment gap, but its effects on their diagnostic and treatment skills remain largely unstudied. Methods: A h…
View article: Scan and Rescan Reproducibility of T1/T2 Measurements Using Multi-dynamic Multi-echo Sequence in Extraocular Muscle MRI
Scan and Rescan Reproducibility of T1/T2 Measurements Using Multi-dynamic Multi-echo Sequence in Extraocular Muscle MRI Open
Background Quantitative assessment of extraocular muscle (EOM) is crucial for the clinical management of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) and other orbital disorders. The multi-dynamic multi-echo (MDME) sequence is a synthetic MRI t…
View article: Developing a recombinase-aided amplification method combined with a lateral flow dipstick assay for rapid triplex detection of bovine coronavirus, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, and bovine viral diarrhea virus
Developing a recombinase-aided amplification method combined with a lateral flow dipstick assay for rapid triplex detection of bovine coronavirus, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, and bovine viral diarrhea virus Open
To establish a sensitive, simple rapid method for detecting bovine coronavirus (BCoV), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV), and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). Recombinase-aided amplification (RAA) was used to amplify templa…
View article: Assessing the inter- & intra-reliability of a customised volleyball performance analysis system to analyse complexes and the efficacy of the associated skills
Assessing the inter- & intra-reliability of a customised volleyball performance analysis system to analyse complexes and the efficacy of the associated skills Open
Within volleyball, performance analysis is employed to identify key performance indicators (KPIs) in relation to success. To date, however, despite the growth in performance analysis, there is little appreciation of the assessment, importa…
View article: Diagnostic Accuracy of High-Resolution Multidetector CT Compared to MRI in Local Staging of Rectal Cancer: A Prospective Study
Diagnostic Accuracy of High-Resolution Multidetector CT Compared to MRI in Local Staging of Rectal Cancer: A Prospective Study Open
Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) remains the gold standard for local staging of rectal cancer due to its superior soft-tissue contrast. However, its limited accessibility, high cost, and potential for delay in imaging workflows…
View article: Comparison of Quantitative Cerebrospinal Fluid Cytology Using Manual Counting and the Sysmex XN–1000
Comparison of Quantitative Cerebrospinal Fluid Cytology Using Manual Counting and the Sysmex XN–1000 Open
Background Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology is essential for diagnosing neurological disorders. Automated analysers offer faster results, but their accuracy in cell differentiation remains debated. This study compares CSF cytology using …
View article: Böbreğin Hematolenfoid Tümörleri
Böbreğin Hematolenfoid Tümörleri Open
Böbreğin primer hematolenfoid tümörleri son derece nadirdir ve tüm böbrek malignitelerinin %1’inden azını oluşturur. Buna karşın, sistemik lenfomaların böbreğe sekonder tutulumu daha sık görülür. En sık görülen primer tip, diffüz büyük B-h…
View article: Interpretation between CAD-RADS & CAC-DRS CT angiography reporting systems to evaluate coronary artery disease severity
Interpretation between CAD-RADS & CAC-DRS CT angiography reporting systems to evaluate coronary artery disease severity Open
Background Noninvasive evaluation of coronary artery disease (CAD) by coronary-computed tomography angiography (CCTA) was progressively applied. One indicator of coronary atherosclerosis is the calcium score. However, little research has b…
View article: Evaluation of the accuracy, precision, and agreement of a glucometer compared to the standard laboratory test in diabetic and non-diabetic patients
Evaluation of the accuracy, precision, and agreement of a glucometer compared to the standard laboratory test in diabetic and non-diabetic patients Open
Blood glucose monitoring is vital for diabetes management, with nurses playing a key role in glycemic monitoring and patient education. Despite their widespread use, the precision, accuracy and agreement of fingerprick glucometers with lab…
View article: Effects of the cooking kappa number on pulp drying for acacia and eucalyptus pulps - dewaterability in wire-, press- and dryer section
Effects of the cooking kappa number on pulp drying for acacia and eucalyptus pulps - dewaterability in wire-, press- and dryer section Open
View article: The quest for the best: manual, atlas- and spatial prior-based delineation of locus coeruleus
The quest for the best: manual, atlas- and spatial prior-based delineation of locus coeruleus Open
Despite advances in neuromelanin-sensitive brain imaging and a plethora of manual labelling, atlas- and signal intensity-based software solutions, the reliable non-invasive delineation of the locus coeruleus (LC) in the human brain stem re…
View article: Diagnostic Performance of CEM Quantitative Parameters for Breast Lesions and Concordance with MRI Enhancement Kinetics
Diagnostic Performance of CEM Quantitative Parameters for Breast Lesions and Concordance with MRI Enhancement Kinetics Open
Objective To evaluate the value of quantitative parameters in contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CEM) for differentiating benign and malignant breast lesions and their concordance with MRI kinetic curve (TIC) types. Methods Fifty-five…
View article: Development and Validation of the TikTok Addiction Scale-Short Form (TTAS-SF)
Development and Validation of the TikTok Addiction Scale-Short Form (TTAS-SF) Open
OBJECTIVE To develop and validate a short version of the TikTok Addiction Scale, i.e. the TikTok Addiction Scale Short Form (TTAS SF). METHOD Construct validity of the TTAS SF was assessed through corrected item total correlations and conf…
View article: Automated Recognition and Measurement for Levator Hiatus in <scp>3D</scp> Ultrasound
Automated Recognition and Measurement for Levator Hiatus in <span>3D</span> Ultrasound Open
Objectives To evaluate the performance of a CNN‐based (convolutional neural networks‐based) AI software for automatic recognition and measurement of minimal levator hiatus in transperineal ultrasound volumes from postpartum women, and to a…
View article: Fabrication of kappa carrageenan-cellulose nanofiber/graphene oxide composite membrane for water purification
Fabrication of kappa carrageenan-cellulose nanofiber/graphene oxide composite membrane for water purification Open
View article: Interobserver concordance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte assessment in triple-negative breast carcinoma; tissue microarray versus whole sections
Interobserver concordance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte assessment in triple-negative breast carcinoma; tissue microarray versus whole sections Open
Objective: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) assessment is recognized as an important prognostic and therapeutic biomarker in several tumors, including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). TILs face several challenges, including low to …
View article: Diagnostic Performance of Three Serological Assays in Myasthenia Gravis: A Prospective Multicentre Study
Diagnostic Performance of Three Serological Assays in Myasthenia Gravis: A Prospective Multicentre Study Open
Anti‐acetylcholine receptor (AChR) and anti‐muscle‐specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK) autoantibody detection is crucial in the diagnosis and choice of treatment of myasthenia gravis (MG). We conducted a multicentre prospective study comparing…
View article: Validation of Digital Slide Scanning and a Convolutional Neural Network for the Detection of Intestinal Parasites in Human Stool Samples
Validation of Digital Slide Scanning and a Convolutional Neural Network for the Detection of Intestinal Parasites in Human Stool Samples Open
Background: Recent studies have shown that digital microscopy (DM) combined with a convolutional neural network (CNN) model is a valid approach for detecting intestinal protozoa and helminth ova or larvae in both trichrome-stained and wet-…
View article: Interobserver agreement among midwives in cardiotocography interpretation using the 2015 <scp>FIGO</scp> guidelines for intrapartum fetal monitoring: A retrospective study
Interobserver agreement among midwives in cardiotocography interpretation using the 2015 <span>FIGO</span> guidelines for intrapartum fetal monitoring: A retrospective study Open
Objective To evaluate the interobserver agreement among midwives for the classification of intrapartum cardiotocography (CTG) tracings and their main parameters—that is, fetal heart rate baseline, variability and decelerations—according to…
View article: Evaluation of the diagnostic performance of semen morphologic examination in the bull breeding soundness evaluation using Bayesian latent class analysis
Evaluation of the diagnostic performance of semen morphologic examination in the bull breeding soundness evaluation using Bayesian latent class analysis Open
The objective of this study was to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of the semen morphology portion of the bull breeding soundness evaluation (BSE) for classifying Bos taurus bulls as sub-fertile. Semen, collected during BSE from b…
View article: Evaluating the reliability of large language models for clinical data extraction in bladder cancer prognosis
Evaluating the reliability of large language models for clinical data extraction in bladder cancer prognosis Open
Advances in natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning could assist human users in clinical data extraction from unstructured electronic medical records (EMRs). This study investigates the accuracy and consistency of several La…
View article: The Kappa Closure
The Kappa Closure Open
This document is an explanatory companion to The Kittim Projection IV, the main Theory of Everything (ToE) manuscript. Its purpose is to clarify and formalize the constant $\kappa$, which appears throughout the full theory as the normaliza…
View article: The Kappa Closure
The Kappa Closure Open
This document is an explanatory companion to The Kittim Projection IV, the main Theory of Everything (ToE) manuscript. Its purpose is to clarify and formalize the constant $\kappa$, which appears throughout the full theory as the normaliza…
View article: PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer assessed with antibodies 28-8 and 22C3
PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer assessed with antibodies 28-8 and 22C3 Open
Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) has emerged as a key biomarker in determining both the progression and prognosis of gastric cancer (GC). Consequently, its detection through immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis is essential for guiding…
View article: Ordinal Regression Research Based on Dual Loss Function—An Example on Lumbar Vertebra Classification in CT Images
Ordinal Regression Research Based on Dual Loss Function—An Example on Lumbar Vertebra Classification in CT Images Open
Background/Objectives: Some classification problems involve ordered categories (e.g., low–medium–high), which are better modeled as ordinal regression. This study aimed to propose and evaluate a dual loss framework—Ordinal Residual Dual Lo…
View article: The Kappa Closure
The Kappa Closure Open
This document is an explanatory companion to The Kittim Projection IV, the main Theory of Everything (ToE) manuscript. Its purpose is to clarify and formalize the constant $\kappa$, which appears throughout the full theory as the normaliza…
View article: Decadelong low basal ganglia NAA/tCr from elevated tCr supports ATP depletion from mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation in Gulf War illness
Decadelong low basal ganglia NAA/tCr from elevated tCr supports ATP depletion from mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation in Gulf War illness Open
Reduced N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/total creatine (tCr) ratio found with long echo-time proton magnetic resonance imaging ( 1 H-MRS) of deep brain structures in a Seabees Battalion in 1997–1998 was soon replicated by two studies but not in a …
View article: Concordance Between Hysteroscopy, Ultrasound, and Pathological Findings in Perimenopausal Patients with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
Concordance Between Hysteroscopy, Ultrasound, and Pathological Findings in Perimenopausal Patients with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Open
OBJECTIVE: To determine the concordance between hysteroscopic, ultrasonographic, and pathological findings, estimating the sensitivity and specificity of hysteroscopy and ultrasound with the histopathological study in perimenopausal patien…