Depolarization ≈ Depolarization
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Interplay between Cortical Spreading Depolarization and Seizures Open
Cortical spreading depolarization (CSD) is an electrophysiologic phenomenon found mostly in the setting of neurologic injury resulting in the disturbance of ion homeostasis and leading to changes in the local vascular response. The bioelec…
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Ion channels enable electrical communication in bacterial communities Open
The study of bacterial ion channels has provided fundamental insights into the structural basis of neuronal signalling; however, the native role of ion channels in bacteria has remained elusive. Here we show that ion channels conduct long-…
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Natural light-gated anion channels: A family of microbial rhodopsins for advanced optogenetics Open
Silencing neurons using optogenetics Rhodopsin light-sensitive ion channels from green algae provide a powerful tool to control neuronal circuits. Rhodopsin cation channels effectively depolarize neurons and cause the firing of short-lived…
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Spreading Depression, Spreading Depolarizations, and the Cerebral Vasculature Open
Spreading depression (SD) is a transient wave of near-complete neuronal and glial depolarization associated with massive transmembrane ionic and water shifts. It is evolutionarily conserved in the central nervous systems of a wide variety …
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Cerebrospinal fluid influx drives acute ischemic tissue swelling Open
Spreading edema after stroke The brain is enveloped in a cushion of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which normally provides protection and helps to remove metabolic waste. CSF transport has also recently been shown to play unexpected roles in n…
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Semiconductor/relaxor 0–3 type composites without thermal depolarization in Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-based lead-free piezoceramics Open
Commercial lead-based piezoelectric materials raised worldwide environmental concerns in the past decade. Bi₀.₅Na₀.₅TiO₃-based solid solution is among the most promising lead-free piezoelectric candidates; however, depolarization of these …
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Recording, analysis, and interpretation of spreading depolarizations in neurointensive care: Review and recommendations of the COSBID research group Open
Spreading depolarizations (SD) are waves of abrupt, near-complete breakdown of neuronal transmembrane ion gradients, are the largest possible pathophysiologic disruption of viable cerebral gray matter, and are a crucial mechanism of lesion…
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Spreading depolarization in the brainstem mediates sudden cardiorespiratory arrest in mouse SUDEP models Open
Ion channel mutations that cause epilepsy also predispose the immature brainstem to generate a depolarizing, tsunami-like wave that leads to autonomic collapse and death.
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Analysis of Antimicrobial-Triggered Membrane Depolarization Using Voltage Sensitive Dyes Open
The bacterial cytoplasmic membrane is a major inhibitory target for antimicrobial compounds. Commonly, although not exclusively, these compounds unfold their antimicrobial activity by disrupting the essential barrier function of the cell m…
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Membrane potential modulates plasma membrane phospholipid dynamics and K-Ras signaling Open
Membrane potential regulates growth Changes in electrical potential across the plasma membrane can affect cell growth. Zhou et al. discovered that membrane potential influenced the organization of phospholipids in the membrane of cultured …
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Observations of the spectral dependence of linear particle depolarization ratio of aerosols using NASA Langley airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar Open
Linear particle depolarization ratio is presented for three case studies from the NASA Langley airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar-2 HSRL-2). Particle depolarization ratio from lidar is an indicator of non-spherical particles and is se…
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Facilitation of axon regeneration by enhancing mitochondrial transport and rescuing energy deficits Open
Although neuronal regeneration is a highly energy-demanding process, axonal mitochondrial transport progressively declines with maturation. Mature neurons typically fail to regenerate after injury, thus raising a fundamental question as to…
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Functional Oxygen Sensitivity of Astrocytes Open
In terrestrial mammals, the oxygen storage capacity of the CNS is limited, and neuronal function is rapidly impaired if oxygen supply is interrupted even for a short period of time. However, oxygen tension monitored by the peripheral (arte…
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A Photostable Silicon Rhodamine Platform for Optical Voltage Sensing Open
This paper describes the design and synthesis of a photostable, far-red to near-infrared (NIR) platform for optical voltage sensing. We developed a new, sulfonated silicon rhodamine fluorophore and integrated it with a phenylenevinylene mo…
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GABA depolarizes immature neurons and inhibits network activity in the neonatal neocortex in vivo Open
A large body of evidence from in vitro studies suggests that GABA is depolarizing during early postnatal development. However, the mode of GABA action in the intact developing brain is unknown. Here we examine the in vivo effects of GABA i…
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Neuronal exosomes facilitate synaptic pruning by up-regulating complement factors in microglia Open
Selective elimination of synaptic connections is a common phenomenon which occurs during both developmental and pathological conditions. Glial cells have a central role in the pruning of synapses by specifically engulfing the degenerating …
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Electrically induced bacterial membrane-potential dynamics correspond to cellular proliferation capacity Open
Significance Transmembrane voltage in bacteria plays a central role both in electrical signaling and cell proliferation. However, whether proliferation state influences the response to electrical signals was unknown. Combining fluorescence…
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MLKL forms cation channels Open
The mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) protein is a key factor in tumor necrosis factor-induced necroptosis. Recent studies on necroptosis execution revealed a commitment role of MLKL in membrane disruption. However, our knowledge of …
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Multiple Lines of Evidence Indicate That Gliotransmission Does Not Occur under Physiological Conditions Open
A major controversy persists within the field of glial biology concerning whether or not, under physiological conditions, neuronal activity leads to Ca 2+ -dependent release of neurotransmitters from astrocytes, a phenomenon known as gliot…
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Channel-Mediated Lactate Release by K<sup>+</sup>-Stimulated Astrocytes Open
Excitatory synaptic transmission is accompanied by a local surge in interstitial lactate that occurs despite adequate oxygen availability, a puzzling phenomenon termed aerobic glycolysis. In addition to its role as an energy substrate, rec…
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GLP-1 stimulates insulin secretion by PKC-dependent TRPM4 and TRPM5 activation Open
Strategies aimed at mimicking or enhancing the action of the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) therapeutically improve glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS); however, it is not clear whether GLP-1 directly drives insul…
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Triple-wavelength depolarization-ratio profiling of Saharan dust over Barbados during SALTRACE in 2013 and 2014 Open
Triple-wavelength polarization lidar measurements in Saharan dust layers were performed at Barbados (13.1° N, 59.6° W), 5000–8000 km west of the Saharan dust sources, in the framework of the Saharan Aerosol Long-range Transport and Aerosol…
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Electrogenetic cellular insulin release for real-time glycemic control in type 1 diabetic mice Open
Electronic control of designer cells There is increasing interest in using designer cells to produce or deliver therapeutics. Achieving direct communication between such cells and electronic devices would allow precise control of therapies…
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Spreading depolarization is not an epiphenomenon but the principal mechanism of the cytotoxic edema in various gray matter structures of the brain during stroke Open
Spreading depolarization (SD) is a phenomenon of various cerebral gray matter structures that only occurs under pathological conditions. In the present paper, we summarize the evidence from several decades of research that SD and cytotoxic…
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Dynamics of Ionic Shifts in Cortical Spreading Depression Open
Cortical spreading depression is a slowly propagating wave of near-complete depolarization of brain cells followed by temporary suppression of neuronal activity. Accumulating evidence indicates that cortical spreading depression underlies …
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The interdependence of excitation and inhibition for the control of dynamic breathing rhythms Open
The preBötzinger Complex (preBötC), a medullary network critical for breathing, relies on excitatory interneurons to generate the inspiratory rhythm. Yet, half of preBötC neurons are inhibitory, and the role of inhibition in rhythmogenesis…
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Parvalbumin-Positive Inhibitory Interneurons Oppose Propagation But Favor Generation of Focal Epileptiform Activity Open
Parvalbumin (Pv)-positive inhibitory interneurons effectively control network excitability, and their optogenetic activation has been reported to block epileptic seizures. An intense activity in GABAergic interneurons, including Pv interne…
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Smoke of extreme Australian bushfires observed in the stratosphere over Punta Arenas, Chile, in January 2020: optical thickness, lidar ratios, and depolarization ratios at 355 and 532 nm Open
We present particle optical properties of stratospheric smoke layers observed with multiwavelength polarization Raman lidar over Punta Arenas (53.2∘ S, 70.9∘ W), Chile, at the southernmost tip of South America in January 2020. The smoke or…
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Mechanical surface waves accompany action potential propagation Open
Many studies have shown that a mechanical displacement of the axonal membrane\naccompanies the electrical pulse defining the Action Potential (AP). Despite a\nlarge and diverse body of experimental evidence, there is no theoretical\nconsen…
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Reciprocal Degradation of YME1L and OMA1 Adapts Mitochondrial Proteolytic Activity during Stress Open
The mitochondrial inner membrane proteases YME1L and OMA1 are critical regulators of essential mitochondrial functions, including inner membrane proteostasis maintenance and mitochondrial dynamics. Here, we show that YME1L and OMA1 are rec…