Utilitarianism ≈ UtilitarianismUtilitarianism
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Equality of Opportunity: Theory and Measurement Open
During the last third of the twentieth century, political philosophers actively debated about the content of distributive justice; the ruling ethical view of utilitarianism was challenged by various versions of equality of opportunities. E…
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Consequences, norms, and generalized inaction in moral dilemmas: The CNI model of moral decision-making. Open
Research on moral dilemma judgments has been fundamentally shaped by the distinction between utilitarianism and deontology. According to the principle of utilitarianism, the moral status of behavioral options depends on their consequences;…
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Utilitarianism and the pandemic Open
There are no egalitarians in a pandemic. The scale of the challenge for health systems and public policy means that there is an ineluctable need to prioritize the needs of the many. It is impossible to treat all citizens equally, and a fai…
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Sidetracked by trolleys: Why sacrificial moral dilemmas tell us little (or nothing) about utilitarian judgment Open
Research into moral decision-making has been dominated by sacrificial dilemmas where, in order to save several lives, it is necessary to sacrifice the life of another person. It is widely assumed that these dilemmas draw a sharp contrast b…
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The moral obligation to be vaccinated: utilitarianism, contractualism, and collective easy rescue Open
We argue that individuals who have access to vaccines and for whom vaccination is not medically contraindicated have a moral obligation to contribute to the realisation of herd immunity by being vaccinated. Contrary to what some have claim…
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Ethics in Practice: An Anthology Open
Preface for Instructors. Acknowledgments. General Introduction. Theorizing about Ethics. Reading Philosophy. Part I: Life and Death: 1. Euthanasia: Rule-Utilitarianism and Euthanasia: Brad Hooker [W]. Against the Right to Die: J. David Vel…
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Utilitarian and deontological ethics in medicine Open
Medical ethics is a sensible branch of moral philosophy and deals with conflicts in obligations/duties and their potential outcome. Two strands of thought exist in ethics regarding decision-making: deontological and utilitarian. In deontol…
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The ethics of crashes with self‐driving cars: A roadmap, I Open
Self‐driving cars hold out the promise of being much safer than regular cars. Yet they cannot be 100% safe. Accordingly, they need to be programmed for how to deal with crash scenarios. Should cars be programmed to always prioritize their …
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Subset Selection Via Implicit Utilitarian Voting Open
How should one aggregate ordinal preferences expressed by voters into a measurably superior social choice? A well-established approach -- which we refer to as implicit utilitarian voting -- assumes that voters have latent utility functions…
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The Cosmos of Duty: Henry Sidgwick's Methods of Ethics Open
Roger Crisp presents a comprehensive study of Henry Sidgwick's 'The Methods of Ethics', a landmark work first published in 1874. Crisp argues that Sidgwick is largely right about central issues in moral philosophy: the metaphysics and epis…
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Blockchain and business ethics Open
This paper provides, from a business ethics perspective, a basic clustering of the morally (a) favorable, (b) unfavorable, and (c) ambivalent dimensions of blockchain technology and its various emergent applications. Instead of proffering …
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Qualitative and quantitative analyses of artificial intelligence ethics in education using VOSviewer and CitNetExplorer Open
The new decade has been witnessing the wide acceptance of artificial intelligence (AI) in education, followed by serious concerns about its ethics. This study examined the essence and principles of AI ethics used in education, as well as t…
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Effects of incidental emotions on moral dilemma judgments: An analysis using the CNI model. Open
Effects of incidental emotions on moral dilemma judgments have garnered interest because they demonstrate the context-dependent nature of moral decision-making. Six experiments (N = 727) investigated the effects of incidental happiness, sa…
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Autonomous Vehicles Need Experimental Ethics: Are We Ready for Utilitarian Cars? Open
Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) should reduce traffic accidents, but they will sometimes have to choose between two evils-for example, running over pedestrians or sacrificing itself and its passenger to save them. Defining the algorithms that wi…
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Conservation or the Moral High Ground: Siding with Bentham or Kant Open
Conservation requires value judgments as well as science (Dickman et al. 2015). The furore over the killing of “Cecil” the lion highlighted the complexities of such judgments. It demonstrated that some people view trophy hunting as morally…
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Optimal Income Taxation Theory and Principles of Fairness Open
The achievements and limitations of the classical theory of optimal labor-income taxation based on social welfare functions are now well known. Even though utilitarianism still dominates public economics, recent interest has arisen for bro…
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The Ethics of Blockchain in Organizations Open
Blockchain is an open digital ledger technology that has the capability of significantly altering the way that people operations (i.e. human resource management) operate in organizations. This research takes a first step in proposing sever…
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Ethical and Scientific Pitfalls Concerning Laboratory Research with Non-Human Primates, and Possible Solutions Open
Basic and applied laboratory research, whenever intrusive or invasive, presents substantial ethical challenges for ethical committees, be it with human beings or with non-human animals. In this paper we discuss the use of non-human primate…
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Facebook’s Emotional Contagion Experiment as a Challenge to Research Ethics Open
This article analyzes the ethical discussion focusing on the Facebook emotional contagion experiment published by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in 2014. The massive-scale experiment manipulated the News Feeds of a lar…
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Teori Utilitarianisme Jeremy Bentham: Tujuan Hukum Atau Metode Pengujian Produk Hukum? Open
Utility as a legal purpose has become a belief in Indonesia. In his literature, Bentham implies that utility are the dimension of the calculation of pleasure and pain, which is more appropriate to be used as a method of evaluating laws and…
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Taking Utilitarianism Seriously Open
Utilitarianism is in the ascendancy in many parts of public culture, but its stock among moral and political philosophers is low. Many philosophers believe that it is a dead end, since they believe that the objections to it are overwhelmin…
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A construal-level approach to hedonic and utilitarian shopping orientation Open
Several studies in consumer behavior have focused on consumers’ shopping orientation in terms of hedonic and utilitarian shopping. The present research advances a different perspective examining hedonic and utilitarian shopping orientation…
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The impact of moral intelligence on green purchase intention Open
In this article, the impacts that moral intelligence has on green purchasing intentions in Jordan was investigated based on three moral theories (Utilitarianism, Deontology, Virtue Ethics), as well as the theory of Planned Behavior. Furthe…
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How should utilitarians think about the future? Open
Utilitarians must think collectively about the future because many contemporary moral issues require collective responses to avoid possible future harms. But current rule utilitarianism does not accommodate the distant future. Drawing on m…
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Kant’s Moral Theory and Demandingness Open
In this paper, I sketch a Kantian account of duties of rescue, which I take to be compatible with Kant's theory. I argue that there is in fact no "trumping relation" between imperfect and perfect duties but merely that "latitude shrinks aw…
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At the heart of morality lies neuro-visceral integration: lower cardiac vagal tone predicts utilitarian moral judgment Open
To not harm others is widely considered the most basic element of human morality. The aversion to harm others can be either rooted in the outcomes of an action (utilitarianism) or reactions to the action itself (deontology). We speculated …
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The Demandingness of Beneficence and Kant’s System of Duties Open
This paper contributes to the discussion of the moral demandingness of Kantian ethics by critically discussing an argument that is currently popular among Kantians. The argument from the system of duties holds that (a) in the Kantian syste…
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Utilitarianism and the ethical foundations of cost-effectiveness analysis in resource allocation for global health Open
Efficiency as quantified and promoted by cost-effectiveness analysis sometimes conflicts with equity and other ethical values, such as the "rule of rescue" or rights-based ethical values. We describe the utilitarian foundations of cost-eff…
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Population axiology and the possibility of a fourth category of absolute value Open
Critical-Range Utilitarianism is a variant of Total Utilitarianism which can avoid both the Repugnant Conclusion and the Sadistic Conclusion in population ethics. Yet Standard Critical-Range Utilitarianism entails the Weak Sadistic Conclus…
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Artificial Intelligence, Humanistic Ethics Open
Ethics is concerned with what it is to live a flourishing life and what it is we morally owe to others. The optimizing mindset prevalent among computer scientists and economists, among other powerful actors, has led to an approach focused …