View article
Hierarchically structured passive radiative cooling ceramic with high solar reflectivity Open
Passive radiative cooling using nanophotonic structures is limited by its high cost and poor compatibility with existing end uses, whereas polymeric photonic alternatives lack weather resistance and effective solar reflection. We developed…
View article
SRG X-ray orbital observatory Open
The orbital observatory Spectrum-Roentgen-Gamma (SRG), equipped with the grazing-incidence X-ray telescopes Mikhail Pavlinsky ART-XC and eROSITA, was launched by Roscosmos to the Lagrange L2 point of the Sun–Earth system on July 13, 2019. …
View article
Impacts of aerosol direct effects on tropospheric ozone through changes in atmospheric dynamics and photolysis rates Open
Aerosol direct effects (ADEs), i.e., scattering and absorption of incoming solar radiation, reduce radiation reaching the ground and the resultant photolysis attenuation can decrease ozone (O3) formation in polluted areas. One the other ha…
View article
Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis: An Appropriate Methodology for Educational Research? Open
Interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) is a contemporary qualitative methodology, first developed by psychologist Jonathan Smith (1996). Whilst its roots are in psychology, it is increasingly being drawn upon by scholars in the human…
View article
The influence of temperature, humidity, and simulated sunlight on the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 in aerosols Open
Recent evidence suggests that respiratory aerosols may play a role in the spread of SARS-CoV-2 during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Our laboratory has previously demonstrated that simulated sunlight inactivated SARS-CoV-2 in aerosols and …
View article
Robust PV Degradation Methodology and Application Open
The degradation rate plays an important role in predicting and assessing the long-term energy generation of photovoltaics (PV) systems. Many methods have been proposed for extracting the degradation rate from operational data of PV systems…
View article
Van Allen probes, NOAA, GOES, and ground observations of an intense EMIC wave event extending over 12 h in magnetic local time Open
Although most studies of the effects of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves on Earth's outer radiation belt have focused on events in the afternoon sector in the outer plasmasphere or plume region, strong magnetospheric compressions…
View article
An in situ‐based analysis of the relationship between land surface “skin” and screen‐level air temperatures Open
This paper presents an analysis of the relationship between land surface temperatures (LST) and screen‐level air temperatures ( T 2m ) using in situ observations from 19 Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) deployments located in a rang…
View article
Summer fireworks on comet 67P Open
During its 2 yr mission around comet 67P/Churyumov¿Gerasimenko, ESA¿s Rosetta spacecraft
\nhad the unique opportunity to follow closely a comet in the most active part of its orbit. Many
\nstudies have presented the typical features associ…
View article
Deriving Hourly PM2.5 Concentrations from Himawari-8 AODs over Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei in China Open
Monitoring fine particulate matter with diameters of less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) is a critical endeavor in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region, which is one of the most polluted areas in China. Polar orbit satellites are limited by observa…
View article
Contemporary practices of strength and conditioning coaches in professional soccer Open
This study describes the contemporary practices of strength and conditioning coaches in professional soccer. Fifty-two strength and conditioning coaches from professional leagues across 18 countries completed an online survey, consisting o…
View article
The diurnal cycle of cloud profiles over land and ocean between 51° S and 51° N, seen by the CATS spaceborne lidar from the International Space Station Open
We document, for the first time, how detailed vertical profiles of cloud fraction (CF) change diurnally between 51∘ S and 51∘ N, by taking advantage of 15 months of measurements from the Cloud-Aerosol Transport System (CATS) lidar on the n…
View article
The<i>Swarm</i>satellite loss of GPS signal and its relation to ionospheric plasma irregularities Open
In this study we investigated conditions for loss of GPS signals observed by the Swarm satellites during a 2 year period, from December 2013 to November 2015. Our result shows that the Swarm satellites encountered most of the total loss of…
View article
A UAV-based active AirCore system for measurements of greenhouse gases Open
We developed and field-tested an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based active AirCore for atmospheric mole fraction measurements of CO2, CH4, and CO. The system applies an alternative way of using the AirCore technique invented by NOAA. As o…
View article
How consistent are top-down hydrocarbon emissions based on formaldehyde observations from GOME-2 and OMI? Open
The vertical columns of formaldehyde (HCHO) retrieved from two satellite instruments, the Global Ozone Monitoring Instrument-2 (GOME-2) on Metop-A and the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on Aura, are used to constrain global emissions of…
View article
Maritime continent coastlines controlling Earth’s climate Open
During the Monsoon Asian Hydro−Atmosphere Scientific Research and Prediction Initiative (MAHASRI; 2006–16), we carried out two projects over the Indonesian maritime continent (IMC), constructing the Hydrometeorological Array for Intraseaso…
View article
Estimation of Energy Balance Components over a Drip-Irrigated Olive Orchard Using Thermal and Multispectral Cameras Placed on a Helicopter-Based Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Open
A field experiment was carried out to implement a remote sensing energy balance (RSEB) algorithm for estimating the incoming solar radiation (Rsi), net radiation (Rn), sensible heat flux (H), soil heat flux (G) and latent heat flux (LE) ov…
View article
Solar reflective pavements—A policy panacea to heat mitigation? Open
Cities worldwide are piloting the use of solar reflective coatings on roads to mitigate the Urban Heat Island (UHI). Solar reflective pavement has been praised as simple, low-cost solution with a demonstrated ability to reduce surface temp…
View article
CCN activity and organic hygroscopicity of aerosols downwind of an urban region in central Amazonia: seasonal and diel variations and impact of anthropogenic emissions Open
During the Observations and Modeling of the Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon2014/5) campaign, size-resolved cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) spectra were characterized at a research site (T3) 60 km downwind of the city of Manaus, Brazil, in cen…
View article
Retrieving near‐global aerosol loading over land and ocean from AVHRR Open
The spaceborne advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) sensor data record is approaching 40 years, providing a crucial asset for studying long‐term trends of aerosol properties regionally and globally. However, due to limitations …
View article
Evidence for renoxification in the tropical marine boundary layer Open
We present 2 years of NOx observations from the Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory located in the tropical Atlantic boundary layer. We find that NOx mixing ratios peak around solar noon (at 20–30 pptV depending on season), which is counter…
View article
Effects of Independence Day fireworks on atmospheric concentrations of fine particulate matter in the United States Open
Previous case studies have documented increases in air pollutants, including particulate matter (PM), during and following fireworks displays associated with various holidays and celebrations around the world. But no study to date has expl…
View article
The promotion effect of nitrous acid on aerosol formation in wintertime in Beijing: the possible contribution of traffic-related emissions Open
Secondary aerosols are a major component of PM2.5, yet their formation mechanisms in the ambient atmosphere are still unclear. Based on field measurements in downtown Beijing, we show that the photolysis of nitrous acid (HONO) may promote …
View article
Concentration, temporal variation, and sources of black carbon in the Mt. Everest region retrieved by real-time observation and simulation Open
Based on the high-resolution measurement of black carbon (BC) at the Qomolangma (Mt. Everest) Station (QOMS, 28.36∘ N, 86.95∘ E, 4276 m a.s.l.) from 15 May 2015 to 31 May 2017, we investigated the seasonal and diurnal variations in BC and …
View article
Profiles of second- to fourth-order moments of turbulent temperature fluctuations in the convective boundary layer: first measurements with rotational Raman lidar Open
The rotational Raman lidar (RRL) of the University of Hohenheim (UHOH) measures atmospheric temperature profiles with high resolution (10 s, 109 m). The data contain low-noise errors even in daytime due to the use of strong UV laser light …
View article
On the collocation of the cusp aurora and the GPS phase scintillation: A statistical study Open
The climatology map of the GPS phase scintillation identifies two regions of high scintillation occurrences: around magnetic noon and around magnetic midnight. The scintillation occurrence rate is higher around noon, while the scintillatio…
View article
NOON States of Nine Quantized Vibrations in Two Radial Modes of a Trapped Ion Open
We develop a deterministic method to generate and verify arbitrarily high NOON states of quantized vibrations (phonons), through the coupling to the internal state. We experimentally create the entangled states up to N=9 phonons in two vib…
View article
The formation of massive, quiescent galaxies at cosmic noon Open
The cosmic noon (z ∼ 1.5–3) marked a period of vigorous star formation for most galaxies. However, about a third of the more massive galaxies at those times were quiescent in the sense that their observed stellar populations are inconsiste…
View article
High‐Resolution, Multilayer Modeling of Singapore's Urban Climate Incorporating Local Climate Zones Open
We applied Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model's Multilayer Urban Canopy Model (MLUCM) to simulate the urban climate of Singapore during a hot period in April 2016. The high‐resolution local climate zone (LCZ) map was used as urba…
View article
Response of Jupiter's auroras to conditions in the interplanetary medium as measured by the Hubble Space Telescope and Juno Open
We present the first comparison of Jupiter's auroral morphology with an extended, continuous, and complete set of near‐Jupiter interplanetary data, revealing the response of Jupiter's auroras to the interplanetary conditions. We show that …