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A Hand Book of Field and Herbarium Methods Open
No Abstract.
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Widespread sampling biases in herbaria revealed from large‐scale digitization Open
Summary Nonrandom collecting practices may bias conclusions drawn from analyses of herbarium records. Recent efforts to fully digitize and mobilize regional floras online offer a timely opportunity to assess commonalities and differences i…
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Herbarium records are reliable sources of phenological change driven by climate and provide novel insights into species' phenological cueing mechanisms Open
PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Climate change has resulted in major changes in the phenology of some species but not others. Long‐term field observational records provide the best assessment of these changes, but geographic and taxonomic biases lim…
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A Comprehensive Phylogenomic Platform for Exploring the Angiosperm Tree of Life Open
The tree of life is the fundamental biological roadmap for navigating the evolution and properties of life on Earth, and yet remains largely unknown. Even angiosperms (flowering plants) are fraught with data gaps, despite their critical ro…
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<i>Cannabis</i> Systematics at the Levels of Family, Genus, and Species Open
New concepts are reviewed in Cannabis systematics, including phylogenetics and nomenclature. The family Cannabaceae now includes Cannabis, Humulus, and eight genera formerly in the Celtidaceae. Grouping Cannabis, Humulus, and Celtis actual…
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Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants in the environs of Tara-gedam and Amba remnant forests of Libo Kemkem District, northwest Ethiopia Open
The diversity of medicinal plants and the associated indigenous knowledge of Tara-gedam and its environs are of a considerable value to the local community and beyond. There is, therefore, a need for conservation of the vegetation and the …
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Authentication of medicinal plants by DNA markers Open
Medicinal plants have been used worldwide for centuries to maintain health and to treat diseases, more so chronic diseases. However, adulteration and use of spurious materials as substitutes have become a major concern for users and indust…
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Using herbaria to study global environmental change Open
Summary During the last centuries, humans have transformed global ecosystems. With their temporal dimension, herbaria provide the otherwise scarce long‐term data crucial for tracking ecological and evolutionary changes over this period of …
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Practical considerations for plant phylogenomics Open
The past decade has seen a major breakthrough in our ability to easily and inexpensively sequence genome‐scale data from diverse lineages. The development of high‐throughput sequencing and long‐read technologies has ushered in the era of p…
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The global distribution of bamboos: assessing correlates of introduction and invasion Open
There is a long history of species being moved around the world by humans. These introduced species can provide substantial benefits, but they can also have undesirable consequences. We explore the importance of human activities on the pro…
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The unrealized potential of herbaria for global change biology Open
Plant and fungal specimens in herbaria are becoming primary resources for investigating how plant phenology and geographic distributions shift with climate change, greatly expanding inferences across spatial, temporal, and phylogenetic dim…
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An ethnopharmacological study of plants used for treatment of diabetes in the Southern and Tribal regions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan Open
BackgroundIn the southern and tribal districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa mainly reside Pashtun ethnic cultures that preferably use local plants to combat various health issues. We conducted surveys in this terrain to make an inventory of plant…
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Herbarium genomics: plastome sequence assembly from a range of herbarium specimens using an Iterative Organelle Genome Assembly pipeline Open
Herbarium genomics is proving promising as next-generation sequencing approaches are well suited to deal with the usually fragmented nature of archival DNA. We show that routine assembly of partial plastome sequences from herbarium specime…
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Large scale genome skimming from herbarium material for accurate plant identification and phylogenomics Open
Background Herbaria are valuable sources of extensive curated plant material that are now accessible to genetic studies because of advances in high-throughput, next-generation sequencing methods. As an applied assessment of large-scale rec…
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Towards a universal barcode of oomycetes – a comparison of the <i>cox</i>1 and <i>cox</i>2 loci Open
Oomycetes are a diverse group of eukaryotes in terrestrial, limnic and marine habitats worldwide and include several devastating plant pathogens, for example Phytophthora infestans (potato late blight). The cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 g…
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Digitization of herbaria enables novel research Open
As botanists, we recognize that herbarium specimens document spatial and temporal patterns of plant diversity. But they may also tell stories beyond the plants themselves—about how a specimen may have languished for decades in obscurity un…
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Factors Affecting Targeted Sequencing of 353 Nuclear Genes From Herbarium Specimens Spanning the Diversity of Angiosperms Open
The world's herbaria collectively house millions of diverse plant specimens, including endangered or extinct species and type specimens. Unlocking genetic data from the typically highly degraded DNA obtained from herbarium specimens was di…
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High fire frequency and the impact of the 2019–2020 megafires on Australian plant diversity Open
Aim To quantify the impact of the 2019–2020 megafires on Australian plant diversity by assessing burnt area across 26,062 species ranges and the effects of fire history on recovery potential. Further, to exemplify a strategic approach to p…
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The use and misuse of herbarium specimens in evaluating plant extinction risks Open
Herbarium specimens provide verifiable and citable evidence of the occurrence of particular plants at particular points in space and time, and are vital resources for assessing extinction risk in the tropics, where plant diversity and thre…
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Herbarium specimens reveal substantial and unexpected variation in phenological sensitivity across the eastern United States Open
Phenology is a key biological trait that can determine an organism's survival and provides one of the clearest indicators of the effects of recent climatic change. Long time-series observations of plant phenology collected at continental s…
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Retrieval of hundreds of nuclear loci from herbarium specimens Open
Herbaria are unparalleled collections of biodiversity information representing the world's flora. However, this treasure has remained largely inaccessible to genetic studies, frequently limited by the low yields of poor‐quality DNA. Next‐g…
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Herbarium data: Global biodiversity and societal botanical needs for novel research Open
Building on centuries of research based on herbarium specimens gathered through time and around the globe, a new era of discovery, synthesis, and prediction using digitized collections data has begun. This paper provides an overview of how…
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TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE OF MEDICINAL PLANTS IN TRIBES OF TRIPURA IN NORTHEAST, INDIA Open
Background: The present study was carried out in Mandwi area and its outskirts of Tripura district of tribal areas
Autonomous district council to document the available ethno-medicinal plants and their traditional application among
Mandw…
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Mapping ignorance: 300 years of collecting flowering plants in Africa Open
Aim Spatial and temporal biases in species‐occurrence data can compromise broad‐scale biogeographical research and conservation planning. Although spatial biases have been frequently scrutinized, temporal biases and the overall quality of …
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Temporal patterns of damage and decay kinetics of DNA retrieved from plant herbarium specimens Open
Herbaria archive a record of changes of worldwide plant biodiversity harbouring millions of specimens that contain DNA suitable for genome sequencing. To profit from this resource, it is fundamental to understand in detail the process of D…
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Updated checklist of Chinese Umbelliferae: nomenclature, synonymy, typification, distribution Open
The country with the highest taxonomic diversity in the Umbelliferae at the specific level, China possesses 657 species and 44 infraspecific taxa (in 110 genera) of the family, among all countries of the world. The number of endemic specie…
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Sequencing Herbarium Specimens of a Common Detrimental Plant Disease (Powdery Mildew) Open
Powdery mildew (Erysiphaceae) is a detrimental plant disease that occurs on a variety of economically important crops. Powdery mildew consists of over 873 species of fungal pathogens that affect over 10,000 plant species. Genetic identific…
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Climate drives shifts in grass reproductive phenology across the western <span>USA</span> Open
Summary The capacity of grass species to alter their reproductive timing across space and through time can indicate their ability to cope with environmental variability and help predict their future performance under climate change. We det…
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Long‐term nitrogen deposition linked to reduced water use efficiency in forests with low phosphorus availability Open
Summary The impact of long‐term nitrogen (N) deposition is under‐studied in phosphorus (P)‐limited subtropical forests. We exploited historically collected herbarium specimens to investigate potential physiological responses of trees in th…
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Machine Learning Using Digitized Herbarium Specimens to Advance Phenological Research Open
Machine learning (ML) has great potential to drive scientific discovery by harvesting data from images of herbarium specimens—preserved plant material curated in natural history collections—but ML techniques have only recently been applied…