Commercial law ≈ Commercial law
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On the Foundations of Corporate Social Responsibility Open
Using corporate social responsibility (CSR) ratings for 23,000 companies from 114 countries, we find that a firm's CSR rating and its country's legal origin are strongly correlated. Legal origin is a stronger explanation than “doing good b…
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International Commercial Transactions: 1998 Open
The year 1996 was a quiet one in the world of international commercial law. The principal accomplishment was the adoption of a Model Law on Electronic Commerce, but progress was also made on several international secured transactions proje…
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Online Price Discrimination and EU Data Privacy Law Open
Online shops could offer each website customer a different price. Such personalized pricing can lead to advanced forms of price discrimination based on individual characteristics of consumers, which may be provided, obtained, or assumed. A…
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The perfect match?a closer look at the relationship between eu consumer law and data protection law Open
In modern markets, many companies offer so-called “free” services and monetize consumer data they collect through those services. This paper argues that consumer law and data protection law can usefully complement each other. Data protecti…
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The Perfect Match? A Closer Look at the Relationship between EU Consumer Law and Data Protection Law Open
In modern markets, many companies offer so-called 'free' services and monetize consumer data they collect through those services. This paper argues that consumer law and data protection law can usefully complement each other. Data protecti…
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AI-enabled business models in legal services: from traditional law firms to next-generation law companies? Open
What will happen to law firms and the legal profession when the use of artificial intelligence (AI) becomes prevalent in legal services? We address this question by considering three related levels of analysis: tasks, business models, and …
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Financial Vulnerability, Financial Literacy, and the Use of Digital Payment Technologies Open
The purpose of this study is to test the notion that the use of digital payment methods, such as paying with a mobile phone, increases the risk of financial vulnerability. Research from the USA indicates such a relationship, and we study w…
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Patent litigation in Europe Open
We compare patent litigation cases across four European jurisdictions—Germany, the UK (England and Wales), France, The Netherlands—using case-level data gathered from cases filed in the four jurisdictions during the period 2000–2008. Overa…
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Protecting Consumer Protection Values in the Fourth Industrial Revolution Open
We are entering into an era of new technological possibilities. Many benefits will be derived for consumers from the development of data and computer-driven innovation. We will have new products and services and new ways of making and supp…
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FinTech, Blockchain and Islamic Finance: An Extensive Literature Review Open
Purpose: The paper aims to review the academic research work done in the area of Islamic financial technology. The Islamic FinTech area has been classified into three broad categories of the Islamic FinTech, Islamic Financial technology op…
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Corporate Finance Law: Principles and Policy Open
This book “deals with UK Corporate Finance law” (p. v) and covers the substance of, as well as the policy issues underlying, that law. It is stated that it is not intended to be a guide on the prac...
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Application of Business Ethics and Business Law on Economic Democracy that Impacts Business Sustainability Open
Ethics and Business Law are identical to the rules and procedures for running our business by existing laws not to harm any party. An excellent economic activity, of course, has complied with the regulations that have been set. The impleme…
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Financialization and corporate governance Open
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This time is different?—on the use of emergency measures during the corona pandemic Open
The COVID-19 pandemic has not only caused millions to die and even more to lose their jobs, it has also prompted more governments to simultaneously declare a state of emergency than ever before enabling us to compare their decisions more d…
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The Risk-Based Approach of the European Union’s Proposed Artificial Intelligence Regulation: Some Comments from a Tort Law Perspective Open
How can tort law contribute to a better understanding of the risk-based approach in the European Union’s (EU) Artificial Intelligence Act proposal and evolving liability regime? In a new legal area of intense development, it is pivotal to …
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The Hague Choice of Law Principles, CISG, and PICC: A Hard Look at a Choice of Soft Law† Open
The Hague Principles on Choice of Law in International Commercial Contracts are “soft” private international law rules. They empower parties to choose either state law or soft “rules of law” to govern their contract, regardless of whether …
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Corporate Mobility and Company Law Open
Globalisation has given commercial parties more freedom to choose the company law system that best suits their private needs. The growing range of techniques to facilitate choice between systems of company law reshapes the mandatory/enabli…
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Rocking the Boat: Loot Boxes in Online Digital Games, the Regulatory Challenge, and the EU’s Unfair Commercial Practices Directive Open
The loot box, a feature of online video games, contains randomised virtual items of importance to gameplay. Comparisons are drawn between chance-based loot boxes and the legal and psychological definitions of gambling, leading to concerns …
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Collective Redress: The Need for New Technologies Open
After many years of debate on collective redress, the European Commission has proposed to introduce a representative mechanism to be controlled by public bodies and consumer associations that satisfy certain criteria. However, the Commissi…
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Organizational diversity and innovation potential of EU-funded research projects Open
Impact evaluations of collaborative research projects usually focus on private benefits of participants, e.g. their turnover or employment growth. We study the innovative performance of collaborative research projects and how it depends on…
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Business networks and localization effects for new Swedish technology-based firms’ innovation performance Open
This study examines the business networks and localization effects for new technology-based firms (NTBFs) in the context of innovation performance (the number of patents and product differentiation). In this regard, the study includes 28 v…
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Universities and start-up creation by Ph.D. graduates: the role of scientific and social capital of academic laboratories Open
This paper investigates how the characteristics of university laboratories influence the propensity of Ph.D. students to entrepreneurship, and thus, contribute to the transfer of academic knowledge to society. As determinants of Ph.D. entr…
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Taxation of Controlled Foreign Companies in Context of the OECD/G20 Project on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting as well as the EU Proposal for the Anti-Tax Avoidance Directive – An Interim Nordic Assessment Open
Recently, the controlled foreign company (CFC) rules have gained increased attention; as such, rules play an important role in the ongoing efforts of the OECD/G20 and the European Commission with respect to addressing base erosion and prof…
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Industry codes of conduct, the foundations of contract law and regulation: a bottom-up perspective Open
Industry codes of conduct increasingly play a role in regulating B2B and B2C relationships and have, as such, become part of the contractual regulatory space. Nonetheless, the relationship between these codes and contract law as the tradit…
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Public interest and the three dimensions of judicial review Open
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Antichresis: a comparative study of classical Roman law and the contractual praxis from Roman Egypt Open
Summary The authors examine how papyrological sources from Roman Egypt written in Greek on antichresis relate to classical Roman law. Antichresis attested in papyrological antichretic contracts had a lot in common with antichresis emerging…
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Judges and court performance: a case study of district commercial courts in Poland Open
The goal of this paper is to analyse determinants of the performance of commercial district courts in Poland in the period 2009–2016 in terms of the number of resolved cases. To this end we apply a panel data approach to identify factors a…
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Rediscovering the public/private divide in EU private law Open
This article explores the role of the public/private divide within EU private law. It shows that although EU private law cuts across the boundaries of public and private law, the conceptual distinction between these well‐established catego…
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OECD National Contact Points as Sites of Effective Remedy: New Expressions of the Role and Rule of Law within Market Globalization? Open
National Contact Points (NCPs), which support the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, are often invoked as a reliable state-based mechanism for holding transnational corporations accountable for business-related human rights abu…
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Why ‘Doing Business’ with the World Bank May Be Bad for You Open
This paper critically examines the role of law in promoting economic development and argues that the most influential 'law and development' agenda—the World Bank Doing Business (DB) project—is not fit for purpose and should be replaced. Th…