Coordinate time ≈ Coordinate time
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Hybrid Mass Coordinate in WRF-ARW and Its Impact on Upper-Level Turbulence Forecasting Open
Although a terrain-following vertical coordinate is well suited for the application of surface boundary conditions, it is well known that the influences of the terrain on the coordinate surfaces can contribute to increase numerical errors,…
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Effects of Spatiotemporal Filtering on the Periodic Signals and Noise in the GPS Position Time Series of the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China Open
Analysis of Global Positioning System (GPS) position time series and its common mode components (CMC) is very important for the investigation of GPS technique error, the evaluation of environmental loading effects, and the estimation of a …
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Influences of Environmental Loading Corrections on the Nonlinear Variations and Velocity Uncertainties for the Reprocessed Global Positioning System Height Time Series of the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China Open
Mass redistribution of the atmosphere, oceans, and terrestrial water storage generates crustal displacements which can be predicted by environmental loading models and observed by the Global Positioning System (GPS). In this paper, daily h…
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2D COORDINATE TRANSFORMATION USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS Open
Two coordinate systems used in Turkey, namely the ED50 (European Datum 1950) and ITRF96 (International Terrestrial Reference Frame 1996) coordinate systems. In most cases, it is necessary to conduct transformation from one coordinate syste…
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Effects of unmodelled tidal displacements in GPS and GLONASS coordinate time-series Open
This study demonstrates the different effects of unmodelled (sub-)daily tidal displacement in Global Positioning System (GPS) and GLObalnaya NAvigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema (GLONASS) coordinate time-series. The results show that more …
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GPS Time Series Analysis from Aboa the Finnish Antarctic Research Station Open
Continuous Global Positioning System (GPS) observations have been logged at the Finnish Antarctic research station (Aboa) since February 2003. The station is located in Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica. Almost 5000 daily observation fil…
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Application of time series modeling to a national reference frame realization Open
This paper presents an option for modern dynamic terrestrial reference system realization in Uzbekistan for user needs. An additive model is explored to predict patterns of time series and investigate means of constructing forecast time se…
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Investigation of GPS draconitic year effect on GPStime series of eliminated eclipsing GPS satellitedata Open
GPS draconitic signal (351.6 ± 0.2 days) and its higher harmonics are observed at almost all IGS products such as position time series of IGS permanent stations. Orbital error and multipath are known as two possible sources of these signal…
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Spatiotemporal Filtering for Continuous GPS Coordinate Time Series in Mainland China by Using Independent Component Analysis Open
Continuous Global Positioning Systems (GPS) coordinate time series with a high spatiotemporal resolution, and provide a great opportunity to study their noise models and common mode errors (CMEs), thus making it possible to detect and anal…
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Modeling Seasonal Variations in Vertical GPS Coordinate Time Series Using Independent Component Analysis and Varying Coefficient Regression Open
Common seasonal variations in Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinate time series always exist, and the modeling and correction of the seasonal signals are helpful for many geodetic studies using GPS observations. A spatiotemporal model…
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A Multiple Algorithm Approach to the Analysis of GNSS Coordinate Time Series for Detecting Geohazards and Anomalies Open
In this study, a multiple algorithm approach to the analysis of GNSS coordinate time series for detecting geohazards and anomalies is proposed. This multiple algorithm approach includes the novel use of spatial and temporal analyses. In th…
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Analysis and Discussion on the Optimal Noise Model of Global GNSS Long-Term Coordinate Series Considering Hydrological Loading Open
The displacement of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) station contains the information of surface elastic deformation caused by the variation of land water reserves. This paper selects the long-term coordinate series data of 671 In…
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Potential Contributors to Common Mode Error in Array GPS Displacement Fields in Taiwan Island Open
The existence of the common mode error (CME) in the continuous global navigation satellite system (GNSS) coordinate time series affects geophysical studies that use GNSS observations. To understand the potential contributors of CME in GNSS…
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Cylindrically symmetric pure radiation space-time and closed timelike geodesics Open
We present a cylindrically symmetric space-time, representing pure radiation as that of matter-energy that satisfies the energy conditions. We show that the space-time admits circular closed timelike geodesics (CTGs) by solving geodesic eq…
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The Uniformly Accelerated Frame as a Test Bed for Analysing the Gravitational Redshift Open
Ever since Eddington’s analysis of the gravitational redshift a century ago, and the arguments in the relativity community that it produced, fine details of the roles of proper time and coordinate time in the redshift remain somewhat obscu…
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Laser propagation in a Rindler accelerated reference frame based on matrix optics Open
The Rindler space-time describing a series of accelerating observers is Ricci flat, but it still has novel optical effects. In the case of Wenzel, Kramers, and Brillouin (WKB) approximation, we derive the light paths in the Rindler frame b…
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The regularity transformation equations: An elliptic mechanism for smoothing gravitational metrics in general relativity Open
A central question in General Relativity (GR) is how to determine whether singularities are geometrical properties of spacetime, or simply anomalies of a coordinate system used to parameterize the spacetime. In particular, it is an open pr…
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The Impact of the Baltic Sea Non-tidal Loading on GNSS Station Coordinate Time Series: the Case of Latvia Open
The objective of this study is to discover the geodynamic processes of the Earth's crust in the territory of Latvia occurred due to the effect of the Baltic Sea non-tidal loading, by way of using GNSS permanent station daily coordinate tim…
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Uncertainty Assessments of Load Deformation from Different GPS Time Series Products, GRACE Estimates and Model Predictions: A Case Study over Europe Open
A good understanding of the accuracy of the Global Positioning System (GPS) surface displacements provided by different processing centers plays an important role in load deformation analysis. We estimate the noise level in both vertical a…
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Characteristics of seasonal variations and noises of the daily double-difference and PPP solutions Open
Long term GNSS observations provided by networks of the continuously operating reference stations (CORS) allow for determination of the global and local tectonic plate movements and seasonal variations. In recent years, PPP (Precise Point …
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The Seasonal Variations Analysis of Permanent GNSS Station Time Series in the Central-East of Europe Open
Observations from permanent GNSS stations are actively used for the research and monitoring of geodynamic processes. Today, with the use of modern scientific programs and IGS products, it is possible to determine GNSS station coordinates a…
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Gravitational Time Dilation Derived from Special Relativity and Newtonian Gravitational Potential Open
Einstein was known for often presenting "gedanken" or thought experiments (Miller, 1999). This paper is such an exercise. Time dilation in Special Relativity is based on the derived value of γ (a scalar value) (Einstein, 1905). γ will be c…
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Simultaneity and Precise Time in Rotation Open
I analyse the role of simultaneity in relativistic rotation by building incrementally on its role in simpler scenarios. Historically, rotation has been analysed in 1 + 1 dimensions; but my stance is that a 2 + 1 -dimensional treatment is n…
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Derivation of Jacobian formula with Dirac delta function Open
We demonstrate how to make the coordinate transformation or change of variables from Cartesian coordinates to curvilinear coordinates by making use of a convolution of a function with Dirac delta functions whose arguments are determined by…
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Influence of Geophysical Signals on Coordinate Variations GNSS Permanent Stations in Central Europe Open
This article presents an analysis of the extent of the impact of deformations of the earth’s crust resulting from geophysical models on changes in the coordinates of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations. The author presents t…
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The Relation between General Relativity’s Metrics and Special Relativity’s Gravitational Scalar Generalized Potentials and Case Studies on the Schwarzschild Metric, Teleparallel Gravity, and Newtonian Potential Open
This paper shows that gravitational results of general relativity (GR) can be reached by using special relativity (SR) via a SR Lagrangian that derives from the corresponding GR time dilation and vice versa. It also presents a new SR gravi…
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Comparative Analysis of The Correction Effect of Different Environmental Loading Products On Global GNSS Coordinate Time Series Open
The global navigation satellite system (GNSS) coordinate time series is affected by the environmental loading (including atmospheric loading (ATML), hydrological loading (HYDL), non-tidal oceanic loading (NTOL), etc.) and many organization…
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Real-time synthesis of a nonuniformly correlated, partially coherent beam using an optical coordinate transformation Open
We design, build, and validate an optical system for generating light beams with complex spatial coherence properties in real time. Beams of this type self-focus and are resistant to turbulence degradation, making them potentially useful i…
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Study of the effects on GPS coordinate time series caused by higher-order ionospheric corrections calculated using the DIPOLE model Open
As one of the main error sources in high-precision Global Positioning System (GPS) data processing, higher-order ionospheric (HOI) delays cause significant effects on coordinate time series that cannot be ignored in analyses of long time s…
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Time Dilation and the Nature of Gravitational and Inertial Forces Open
This paper shows that both gravitational and inertial forces arise naturally from gradients in relativistic time dilation. Starting from the standard relations for time dilation with respect to velocity and gravitational potential, it is d…