Transform fault ≈ Transform fault
View article
The onset of the Dead Sea transform based on calcite age-strain analyses Open
The onset and evolution of the Dead Sea transform are re-evaluated based on new in situ U-Pb dating and strain analyses of mechanically twinned calcites. Direct dating of 30 syn-faulting calcites from 10 different inactive fault strands of…
View article
Dynamics of intraoceanic subduction initiation: 1. Oceanic detachment fault inversion and the formation of supra‐subduction zone ophiolites Open
Subduction initiation is a critical link in the plate tectonic cycle. Intraoceanic subduction zones can form along transform faults and fracture zones, but how subduction nucleates parallel to mid‐ocean ridges, as in e.g., the Neotethys Oc…
View article
Tectonic structure, evolution, and the nature of oceanic core complexes and their detachment fault zones (13°20′N and 13°30′N, Mid Atlantic Ridge) Open
Microbathymetry data, in situ observations, and sampling along the 13°20′N and 13°20′N oceanic core complexes (OCCs) reveal mechanisms of detachment fault denudation at the seafloor, links between tectonic extension and mass wasting, and e…
View article
Maximum earthquake magnitudes along different sections of the North Anatolian fault zone Open
Constraining the maximum likely magnitude of future earthquakes on continental transform faults has fundamental consequences for the expected seismic hazard. Since the recurrence time for those earthquakes is typically longer than a centur…
View article
Tectonic expression of an active slab tear from high‐resolution seismic and bathymetric data offshore Sicily (Ionian Sea) Open
Subduction of a narrow slab of oceanic lithosphere beneath a tightly curved orogenic arc requires the presence of at least one lithospheric scale tear fault. While the Calabrian subduction beneath southern Italy is considered to be the typ…
View article
Pre‐Alpine (Variscan) Inheritance: A Key for the Location of the Future Valaisan Basin (Western Alps) Open
The boundary between the Helvetic and the Penninic (=Briançonnais) Zones has long been recognized as a major fault (“Penninic Front”) in the Western Alps. A narrow oceanic domain has been postulated at least along part of this boundary (th…
View article
Oceanic detachment faults generate compression in extension Open
In extensional geologic systems such as mid-ocean ridges, deformation is typically accommodated by slip on normal faults, where material is pulled apart under tension and stress is released by rupture during earthquakes and magmatic accret…
View article
Strain Partitioning and Exhumation in Oblique Taiwan Collision: Role of Rift Architecture and Plate Kinematics Open
Taiwan is an archetypal example of continental accretionary wedges. Yet the generally poor knowledge of three‐dimensional strain distribution over time and role of architecture of the rifted margin shed doubt on the cylindrical two‐dimensi…
View article
Marine Transform Faults and Fracture Zones: A Joint Perspective Integrating Seismicity, Fluid Flow and Life Open
Marine transform faults and associated fracture zones (MTFFZs) cover vast stretches of the ocean floor, where they play a key role in plate tectonics, accommodating the lateral movement of tectonic plates and allowing connections between r…
View article
Updating active fault maps and sliprates along the Sumatran Fault Zone, Indonesia Open
The accuracy of active fault map, slip rate and its seismic parameters is crucial for seismic hazard analysis. Fault maps, segmentations and slip rates of the Sumatran Fault Zone (SFZ) have been revised in relation with ongoing activities …
View article
CCAF-DB: the Caribbean and Central American active fault database Open
A database of ∼250 active fault traces in the Caribbean and Central American regions has been assembled to characterize the seismic hazard and tectonics of the area, as part of the Global Earthquake Model (GEM) Foundation's Caribbean and C…
View article
Potential role of strike-slip faults in opening up the South China Sea Open
Radiometric dates of key rock units indicate that a remnant Late Mesozoic ocean of the Huatung Basin is still preserved today east of the South China Sea (SCS). We integrate regional geology with a Cretaceous oceanic basement in the vicini…
View article
Breaching of strike-slip faults and successive flooding of pull-apart basins to form the Gulf of California seaway from ca. 8–6 Ma Open
The geologic record of the formation of marine basins during continental rifting is uncommonly preserved. Using GIS-based paleotectonic maps, we show that marine basin formation in the Gulf of California–Salton trough oblique rift (Mexico …
View article
Glacially induced faulting along the NW segment of the Sorgenfrei-Tornquist Zone, northern Denmark: Implications for neotectonics and Lateglacial fault-bound basin formation Open
The Sorgenfrei-Tornquist Zone (STZ) is the northwestern segment of the Tornquist Zone and extends from Bornholm across the Baltic Sea and northern Denmark into the North Sea. It represents a major lithospheric structure with a significant …
View article
Focusing of relative plate motion at a continental transform fault: Cenozoic dextral displacement >700 km on New Zealand's Alpine Fault, reversing >225 km of Late Cretaceous sinistral motion Open
The widely accepted ∼450 km Cenozoic dextral strike‐slip displacement on New Zealand's Alpine Fault is large for continental strike‐slip faults, but it is still less than 60% of the Cenozoic relative plate motion between the Australian and…
View article
Recent advances in imaging crustal fault zones: a review Open
Crustal faults usually have a fault core and surrounding regions of brittle damage, forming a low-velocity zone (LVZ) in the immediate vicinity of the main slip interface. The LVZ may amplify ground motion, influence rupture propagation, a…
View article
Present‐Day Motion of the Arabian Plate Open
The present‐day motions in and around the Arabian plate involve a broad spectrum of tectonic processes including plate subduction, continental collision, seafloor spreading, intraplate magmatism, and continental transform faulting. Therefo…
View article
Asperity break after 12 years: The <i>M<sub>w</sub></i>6.4 2015 Lefkada (Greece) earthquake Open
The M w 6.4 earthquake sequence of 2015 in western Greece is analyzed using seismic data. Multiple point source modeling, nonlinear slip patch, and linear slip inversions reveal a coherent rupture image with directivity toward the southwes…
View article
Crustal Structure of the Ionian Basin and Eastern Sicily Margin: Results From a Wide‐Angle Seismic Survey Open
In the Ionian Sea (central Mediterranean) the slow convergence between Africa and Eurasia results in the formation of a narrow subduction zone. The nature of the crust of the subducting plate remains debated and could represent the last re…
View article
Three‐dimensional dynamic rupture simulations across interacting faults: The<b><i>M</i><sub><i>w</i></sub></b>7.0, 2010, Haiti earthquake Open
The mechanisms controlling rupture propagation between fault segments during a large earthquake are key to the hazard posed by fault systems. Rupture initiation on a smaller fault sometimes transfers to a larger fault, resulting in a signi…
View article
Middle to Late Devonian–Carboniferous collapse basins on the Finnmark Platform and in the southwesternmost Nordkapp basin, SW Barents Sea Open
The SW Barents Sea margin experienced a pulse of extensional deformation in the Middle–Late Devonian through the Carboniferous, after the Caledonian Orogeny terminated. These events marked the initial stages of formation of major offshore …
View article
Volcanism in slab tear faults is larger than in island-arcs and back-arcs Open
Subduction-transform edge propagators are lithospheric tears bounding slabs and back-arc basins. The volcanism at these edges is enigmatic because it is lacking comprehensive geological and geophysical data. Here we present bathymetric, po…
View article
Fault and graben growth along active magmatic divergent plate boundaries in Iceland and Ethiopia Open
Recent studies highlight the importance of annual-scale dike-induced rifting episodes in developing normal faults and graben along the active axis of magmatic divergent plate boundaries (MDPB). However, the longer-term (102-105 years) role…
View article
Extensional Polarity Change in Continental Rifts: Inferences From 3‐D Numerical Modeling and Observations Open
Extensional basins often show along‐strike variability in terms of fault geometries, basement structures, subsidence, and thermal evolution. This is particularly pronounced when extension reactivates preexisting suture zones with opposing …
View article
Marine Geophysical Investigation of the Chain Fracture Zone in the Equatorial Atlantic From the PI‐LAB Experiment Open
The Chain Fracture Zone is a 300‐km‐long transform fault that offsets the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge. We analyzed new multibeam bathymetry, backscatter, gravity, and magnetic data with 100% multibeam bathymetric data over the active transform vall…
View article
The 2015 <i> M <sub>w</sub> </i> 7.1 earthquake on the Charlie‐Gibbs transform fault: Repeating earthquakes and multimodal slip on a slow oceanic transform Open
The 2015 M w 7.1 earthquake on the Charlie‐Gibbs transform fault along the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge is the latest in a series of seven large earthquakes since 1923. We propose that these earthquakes form a pair of quasi‐repeating sequences with …
View article
Can subduction initiation at a transform fault be spontaneous? Open
We present an extensive parametric exploration of the feasibility of “spontaneous” subduction initiation, i.e., lithospheric gravitational collapse without any external forcing, at a transform fault (TF). We first seek candidates from rece…
View article
Submarine Active Faults and Morpho-Tectonics Around the Iberian Margins: Seismic and Tsunamis Hazards Open
The aim of this work is to make a synthesis at regional scale focused on the geophysical characterization of submarine faults around the Iberian margin to identify active structures and analyze their development in the framework of the pre…
View article
Seismotectonics of a diffuse plate boundary: Observations off the Sumatra‐Andaman trench Open
The actively deforming Indo‐Australian intraplate region off the Sumatra‐Andaman trench hosted the largest strike‐slip earthquake recorded by modern instruments, the 2012 M w 8.6 Wharton Basin earthquake, closely followed by a M w 8.2 afte…
View article
The Role of Oceanic Transform Faults in Seafloor Spreading: A Global Perspective From Seismic Anisotropy Open
Mantle anisotropy beneath mid‐ocean ridges and oceanic transforms is key to our understanding of seafloor spreading and underlying dynamics of divergent plate boundaries. Observations are sparse, however, given the remoteness of the oceans…