Ranging
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LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models Open
We introduce LLaMA, a collection of foundation language models ranging from 7B to 65B parameters. We train our models on trillions of tokens, and show that it is possible to train state-of-the-art models using publicly available datasets e…
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SECOND: Sparsely Embedded Convolutional Detection Open
LiDAR-based or RGB-D-based object detection is used in numerous applications, ranging from autonomous driving to robot vision. Voxel-based 3D convolutional networks have been used for some time to enhance the retention of information when …
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Graph-based approach for airborne light detection and ranging segmentation Open
We evaluate 179 classifiers arising from 17 families (discriminant analysis, Bayesian, neural networks, support vector machines, decision trees, rule-based classifiers, boosting, bagging, stacking, random forests and other ensembles, gener…
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Tensor Decomposition for Signal Processing and Machine Learning Open
Tensors or {\em multi-way arrays} are functions of three or more indices $(i,j,k,\cdots)$ -- similar to matrices (two-way arrays), which are functions of two indices $(r,c)$ for (row,column). Tensors have a rich history, stretching over al…
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Enhanced-alignment Measure for Binary Foreground Map Evaluation Open
The existing binary foreground map (FM) measures address various types of errors in either pixel-wise or structural ways. These measures consider pixel-level match or image-level information independently, while cognitive vision studies ha…
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An Easy-to-Use Airborne LiDAR Data Filtering Method Based on Cloth Simulation Open
Separating point clouds into ground and non-ground measurements is an essential step to generate digital terrain models (DTMs) from airborne LiDAR (light detection and ranging) data. However, most filtering algorithms need to carefully set…
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The Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation: High-resolution laser ranging of the Earth’s forests and topography Open
Obtaining accurate and widespread measurements of the vertical structure of the Earths forests has been a longsought goal for the ecological community. Such observations are critical for accurately assessing the existing biomass of forests…
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Machine learning in materials science Open
Traditional methods of discovering new materials, such as the empirical trial and error method and the density functional theory (DFT)‐based method, are unable to keep pace with the development of materials science today due to their long …
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ShuffleNet: An Extremely Efficient Convolutional Neural Network for Mobile Devices Open
We introduce an extremely computation-efficient CNN architecture named ShuffleNet, which is designed specially for mobile devices with very limited computing power (e.g., 10-150 MFLOPs). The new architecture utilizes two new operations, po…
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Ultrafast optical ranging using microresonator soliton frequency combs Open
Miniaturized optical ranging and tracking Light detection and ranging systems are used in many engineering and environmental sensing applications. Their relatively large size and cost, however, tend to be prohibitive for general use in aut…
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<b>TMB</b>: Automatic Differentiation and Laplace Approximation Open
TMB is an open source R package that enables quick implementation of complex\nnonlinear random effect (latent variable) models in a manner similar to the\nestablished AD Model Builder package (ADMB, admb-project.org). In addition, it\noffe…
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Soliton microcomb range measurement Open
Miniaturized optical ranging and tracking Light detection and ranging systems are used in many engineering and environmental sensing applications. Their relatively large size and cost, however, tend to be prohibitive for general use in aut…
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Optical dielectric function of silver Open
Using broadband spectroscopic ellipsometry, the authors determine the complex valued dielectric function of silver films from 0.05 eV (\ensuremath{\lambda}=25 \ensuremath{\mu}) to 4.14 eV (\ensuremath{\lambda} = 300 nm) with a statistical …
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A Comparative Survey of Optical Wireless Technologies: Architectures and Applications Open
New high-data-rate multimedia services and applications are evolving continuously and exponentially increasing the demand for wireless capacity of fifth-generation (5G) and beyond. The existing radio frequency (RF) communication spectrum i…
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A meta‐analysis of plant responses to light intensity for 70 traits ranging from molecules to whole plant performance Open
Summary By means of meta‐analyses we determined how 70 traits related to plant anatomy, morphology, chemistry, physiology, growth and reproduction are affected by daily light integral ( DLI ; mol photons m −2 d −1 ). A large database inclu…
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YOLACT++ Better Real-Time Instance Segmentation Open
We present a simple, fully-convolutional model for real-time ( fps) instance segmentation that achieves competitive results on MS COCO evaluated on a single Titan Xp, which is significantly faster than any previous state-of-the-art approac…
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Lithium niobate photonics: Unlocking the electromagnetic spectrum Open
Lithium niobate (LN), first synthesized 70 years ago, has been widely used in diverse applications ranging from communications to quantum optics. These high-volume commercial applications have provided the economic means to establish a mat…
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MEMS Mirrors for LiDAR: A Review Open
In recent years, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) has been drawing extensive attention both in academia and industry because of the increasing demand for autonomous vehicles. LiDAR is believed to be the crucial sensor for autonomous dri…
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Classification of Hyperspectral and LiDAR Data Using Coupled CNNs Open
In this paper, we propose an efficient and effective framework to fuse\nhyperspectral and Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) data using two coupled\nconvolutional neural networks (CNNs). One CNN is designed to learn\nspectral-spatial feat…
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A portable three-dimensional LIDAR-based system for long-term and wide-area people behavior measurement Open
It is important to measure and analyze people behavior to design systems which interact with people. This article describes a portable people behavior measurement system using a three-dimensional LIDAR. In this system, an observer carries …
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EmoNet: Fine-Grained Emotion Detection with Gated Recurrent Neural Networks Open
Accurate detection of emotion from natural language has applications ranging from building emotional chatbots to better understanding individuals and their lives. However, progress on emotion detection has been hampered by the absence of l…
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Highly tunable elastic dielectric metasurface lenses Open
Dielectric metasurfaces are two‐dimensional structures composed of nano‐scatterers that manipulate the phase and polarization of optical waves with subwavelength spatial resolution, thus enabling ultra‐thin components for free‐space optics…
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A Survey on LiDAR Scanning Mechanisms Open
In recent years, light detection and ranging (LiDAR) technology has gained huge popularity in various applications such as navigation, robotics, remote sensing, and advanced driving assistance systems (ADAS). This popularity is mainly due …
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Non-Hermitian Topological Sensors Open
We introduce and study a novel class of sensors whose sensitivity grows exponentially with the size of the device. Remarkably, this drastic enhancement does not rely on any fine-tuning, but is found to be a stable phenomenon immune to loca…
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A Review of LIDAR Radiometric Processing: From Ad Hoc Intensity Correction to Rigorous Radiometric Calibration Open
In addition to precise 3D coordinates, most light detection and ranging (LIDAR) systems also record “intensity”, loosely defined as the strength of the backscattered echo for each measured point. To date, LIDAR intensity data have proven b…
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Secchi disk depth: A new theory and mechanistic model for underwater visibility Open
Secchi disk depth (ZSD) is a measure of water transparency, whose interpretation has wide applications from diver visibility to studies of climate change. This transparency has been explained in the past 60 + years with the underwater visi…
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An in-Depth Survey of Visible Light Communication Based Positioning Systems Open
While visible light communication (VLC) has become the candidate for the wireless technology of the 21st century due to its inherent advantages, VLC based positioning also has a great chance of becoming the standard approach to positioning…
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Performance evaluation of GEDI and ICESat-2 laser altimeter data for terrain and canopy height retrievals Open
With the advent of the next generation of space-based laser altimeters, ICESat-2 and GEDI, we are entering an exciting era of active remote sensing of forests that offers unprecedented opportunities for the observation of forest structure.…
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Modelling lidar-derived estimates of forest attributes over space and time: A review of approaches and future trends Open
Light detection and ranging (lidar) data acquired from airborne or spaceborne platforms have revolutionized measurement and mapping of forest attributes. Airborne data are often either acquired using multiple overlapped flight lines to pro…
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Complex urban dataset with multi-level sensors from highly diverse urban environments Open
The high diversity of urban environments, at both the inter and intra levels, poses challenges for robotics research. Such challenges include discrepancies in urban features between cities and the deterioration of sensor measurements withi…