Vestibulo–ocular reflex ≈ Vestibulo–ocular reflex
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Bilateral vestibulopathy: Diagnostic criteria Consensus document of the Classification Committee of the Bárány Society1 Open
This paper describes the diagnostic criteria for bilateral vestibulopathy (BVP) by the Classification Committee of the Bárány Society. The diagnosis of BVP is based on the patient history, bedside examination and laboratory evaluation. Bil…
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The Video Head Impulse Test (vHIT) of Semicircular Canal Function – Age-Dependent Normative Values of VOR Gain in Healthy Subjects Open
These normative values allow the results of any particular patient to be compared to the values of healthy people in their age range and so allow, for example, detection of whether a patient has a bilateral vestibular loss. VOR gain, as me…
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Task, muscle and frequency dependent vestibular control of posture Open
The vestibular system is crucial for postural control; however there are considerable differences in the task dependence and frequency response of vestibular reflexes in appendicular and axial muscles. For example, vestibular reflexes are …
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Presbyvestibulopathy: Diagnostic criteria Consensus document of the classification committee of the Bárány Society Open
This paper describes the diagnostic criteria for presbyvestibulopathy (PVP) by the Classification Committee of the Barany Society. PVP is defined as a chronic vestibular syndrome characterized by unsteadiness, gait disturbance, and/or recu…
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Review of Vestibular and Oculomotor Screening and Concussion Rehabilitation Open
Vestibular and oculomotor impairment and symptoms may be associated with worse outcomes after sport-related concussion (SRC), including prolonged recovery. In this review, we evaluate current findings on vestibular and oculomotor impairmen…
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A new saccadic indicator of peripheral vestibular function based on the video head impulse test Open
This case-control study provides Class III evidence that SHIMP accurately identifies patients with unilateral or bilateral vestibulopathies.
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Age dependent normal horizontal VOR gain of head impulse test as measured with video-oculography Open
Background The head impulse test (HIT) is a recognised clinical sign of the high frequency vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR), which can be quantified with video-oculography. This measures the VOR gain as the ratio of angular eye velocity to an…
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Video Head Impulse Tests with a Remote Camera System: Normative Values of Semicircular Canal Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Gain in Infants and Children Open
The video head impulse test (VHIT) is widely used to identify semicircular canal function impairments in adults. But classical VHIT testing systems attach goggles tightly to the head, which is not tolerated by infants. Remote video detecti…
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Vestibular Functions and Parkinson's Disease Open
For decades it has been speculated that Parkinson's Disease (PD) is associated with dysfunction of the vestibular system, especially given that postural instability is one of the major symptoms of the disorder. Nonetheless, clear evidence …
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Retinoic acid degradation shapes zonal development of vestibular organs and sensitivity to transient linear accelerations Open
Each vestibular sensory epithelium in the inner ear is divided morphologically and physiologically into two zones, called the striola and extrastriola in otolith organ maculae, and the central and peripheral zones in semicircular canal cri…
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Comparison of the Bedside Head-Impulse Test with the Video Head-Impulse Test in a Clinical Practice Setting: A Prospective Study of 500 Outpatients Open
For the primary outcome, the bHIT had moderate sensitivity and low PPV. While the study did not elucidate the best choice for vHIT reference, it demonstrated how the bHIT test properties varied with vHIT thresholds: selecting a lower thres…
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The vestibular implant: frequency-dependency of the electrically evoked vestibulo-ocular reflex in humans Open
The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) shows frequency-dependent behavior. This study investigated whether the characteristics of the electrically evoked VOR (eVOR) elicited by a vestibular implant, showed the same frequency-dependency. Twelve …
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Milestones in the development of a vestibular implant Open
Purpose of review Bilateral vestibular deficits exist and their prevalence is more important than believed by the medical community. Their severe impact has inspired several teams to develop technical solutions in an attempt to rehabilitat…
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Vestibular Function Tests for Vestibular Migraine: Clinical Implication of Video Head Impulse and Caloric Tests Open
Vestibular migraine (VM) is one of the most common causes of episodic vertigo. We reviewed the results of multiple vestibular function tests in a cohort of VM patients who were diagnosed with VM according to the diagnostic criteria of the …
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Head Direction Cell Activity Is Absent in Mice without the Horizontal Semicircular Canals Open
Head direction (HD) cells fire when an animal faces a particular direction in its environment, and they are thought to represent the neural correlate of the animal's perceived spatial orientation. Previous studies have shown that vestibula…
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What does the head impulse test versus caloric dissociation reveal about vestibular dysfunction in Ménière's disease? Open
In patients with Ménière's disease (MD), caloric testing can show, depending on the stage and activity of the disease, a variety of results. Between attacks, many, or perhaps even most, patients with unilateral early or mild MD have normal…
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Traumatic brain injury and vestibulo-ocular function: current challenges and future prospects Open
Normal function of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) coordinates eye movement with head movement, in order to provide clear vision during motion and maintain balance. VOR is generated within the semicircular canals of the inner ear to elic…
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Vestibular implantation and longitudinal electrical stimulation of the semicircular canal afferents in human subjects Open
Animal experiments and limited data in humans suggest that electrical stimulation of the vestibular end organs could be used to treat loss of vestibular function. In this paper we demonstrate that canal-specific two-dimensionally (2D) meas…
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Continuous vestibular implant stimulation partially restores eye-stabilizing reflexes Open
BACKGROUNDBilateral loss of vestibular (inner ear inertial) sensation causes chronically blurred vision during head movement, postural instability, and increased fall risk. Individuals who fail to compensate despite rehabilitation therapy …
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Intrinsic Plasticity of Cerebellar Purkinje Cells Contributes to Motor Memory Consolidation Open
Intrinsic plasticity of cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) has recently been demonstrated in cerebellar local circuits; however, its physiological impact on cerebellar learning and memory remains elusive. Here, we suggest that intrinsic plast…
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Chronic Symptoms After Vestibular Neuritis and the High-Velocity Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Open
Our findings suggest that chronic symptoms of dizziness after VN are not associated with the high-velocity VOR of the single or combined ipsilesional horizontal, anterior, or posterior semicircular canals.
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Vestibulo-spinal and vestibulo-ocular reflexes are modulated when standing with increased postural threat Open
We investigated how vestibulo-spinal reflexes (VSRs) and vestibulo-ocular reflexes (VORs) measured through vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) and video head impulse test (vHIT) outcomes, respectively, are modulated during standi…
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Nucleus prepositus hypoglossi lesions produce a unique ocular motor syndrome Open
We attribute these findings to an imbalance in the NPH-inferior olive-flocculus-vestibular nucleus loop, and the ocular motor abnormalities provide a new brainstem localization for patients with acute vertigo.
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Saccadic Velocity in the New Suppression Head Impulse Test: A New Indicator of Horizontal Vestibular Canal Paresis and of Vestibular Compensation Open
SHIMP is a specific and sensitive test to detect a complete horizontal canal loss at the acute stage. In addition, it reflects the ability of patients with moderate horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex gain decrease to generate anti-compensa…
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Gaze-Stabilizing Central Vestibular Neurons Project Asymmetrically to Extraocular Motoneuron Pools Open
Within reflex circuits, specific anatomical projections allow central neurons to relay sensations to effectors that generate movements. A major challenge is to relate anatomical features of central neural populations, such as asymmetric co…
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The Contributions of Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials and Acoustic Vestibular Stimulation to Our Understanding of the Vestibular System Open
Vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) are short-latency muscle reflexes typically recorded from the neck or eye muscles with surface electrodes. They are used clinically to assess otolith function, but are also interesting as they …
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The human vestibulo-ocular reflex and saccades: normal subjects and the effect of age Open
Here we characterize in 80 normal subjects (16–84 yr (means ± SD, 47 ± 19 yr) the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and saccades in response to three-dimensional head impulses with a monocular video head impulse test (vHIT) of the right eye. I…
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Normal Gain of VOR with Refixation Saccades in Patients with Unilateral Vestibulopathy Open
OBJECTIVE: To characterize the response in the video head-impulse test for the assessment of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) in patients because of vertigo and dizziness. MATERIALS and METHODS: After rightward and leftward head impulses,…
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Postural Control in Bilateral Vestibular Failure: Its Relation to Visual, Proprioceptive, Vestibular, and Cognitive Input Open
Patients with bilateral vestibular failure (BVF) suffer from postural and gait unsteadiness with an increased risk of falls. The aim of this study was to elucidate the differential role of otolith, semicircular canal (SSC), visual, proprio…
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Effects of Device on Video Head Impulse Test (vHIT) Gain Open
Background: Numerous video head impulse test (vHIT) devices are available commercially; however, gain is not calculated uniformly. An evaluation of these devices/algorithms in healthy controls and patients with vestibular loss is necessary…