Thermosphere
View article: Rogue vertical drafts in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere: evidence and implications
Rogue vertical drafts in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere: evidence and implications Open
Observational evidence of extreme vertical velocities ( m/s and at times greater than 50 m/s) in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT), has emerged in recent years. We refer to these events as Rogue Vertical Drafts (RVDs). The…
View article: High-latitude MSTIDs over the EISCAT-3D site: Solar activity and seasonal dependency
High-latitude MSTIDs over the EISCAT-3D site: Solar activity and seasonal dependency Open
This work involves an investigation of high-latitude medium scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) over the newly established EISCAT-3D radar site. We have used the ground backscatter data from an HF radar located at Hankasalmi,…
View article: Seasonal asymmetry in vertical distribution of meteor decay time at two conjugate polar latitudes
Seasonal asymmetry in vertical distribution of meteor decay time at two conjugate polar latitudes Open
The meteor occurrence height and decay time height are strongly dependent on local atmospheric conditions in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT)-region. In this study, we comparatively examine the seasonal behaviour of vertical dis…
View article: Redefining SAR Arc Generation: The Competing Roles of Magnetospheric and Ionospheric Energy Injection
Redefining SAR Arc Generation: The Competing Roles of Magnetospheric and Ionospheric Energy Injection Open
Stable auroral red (SAR) arcs are luminous subauroral emissions produced by the collisional excitation of oxygen atoms during geomagnetically active times. While traditionally attributed to inner magnetospheric electron heating, recent obs…
View article: Impact of lower atmospheric scattering on ground-based optical thermospheric wind observations with spatially uneven airglow
Impact of lower atmospheric scattering on ground-based optical thermospheric wind observations with spatially uneven airglow Open
Scattered airglow emissions in the lower atmosphere can bias ground-based interferometer observations of thermospheric winds, particularly when airglow brightness becomes spatially uneven due to auroras. During two geomagnetic storms with …
View article: Modulation of the Semi-Annual Oscillation by Stratospheric Sudden Warmings as Seen in the High-Altitude JAWARA Re-analyses
Modulation of the Semi-Annual Oscillation by Stratospheric Sudden Warmings as Seen in the High-Altitude JAWARA Re-analyses Open
The semi-annual oscillation (SAO) dominates seasonal variability in the equatorial stratosphere and mesosphere. However, the seasonally dependent modulation of the SAO in the stratosphere (SSAO) and mesosphere (MSAO) by sudden stratospheri…
View article: Indications of the Impact of the Influence of Large-Scale Atmospheric Disturbances on Quasiperiodic ELF/VLF Emissions Inside the Plasmasphere
Indications of the Impact of the Influence of Large-Scale Atmospheric Disturbances on Quasiperiodic ELF/VLF Emissions Inside the Plasmasphere Open
The models of excitation of quasiperiodic ELF/VLF emissions with spectral shape repetition periods from 10 to 300 s are discussed. The primary cause of quasiperiodic (QP) emissions is cyclotron instability of electron radiation belts. Rela…
View article: Linking Long‐Term Arctic Surface Variability and Changes in the Stratosphere, Mesosphere, and Lower Thermosphere
Linking Long‐Term Arctic Surface Variability and Changes in the Stratosphere, Mesosphere, and Lower Thermosphere Open
We present the long‐term trends of the Arctic stratospheric polar vortex (SPV) using the Modern Era Retrospective Research analysis for Research and Application‐2 (MERRA‐2) reanalysis data, and assess its impact on the mesosphere and lower…
View article: Data/Simulation Results for Quantifying Radial Diffusion Rate Through Multi-MeV Electron Drift Oscillations Driven by Broadband ULF Waves: A Case Study of the September 2019 Geomagnetic Storm
Data/Simulation Results for Quantifying Radial Diffusion Rate Through Multi-MeV Electron Drift Oscillations Driven by Broadband ULF Waves: A Case Study of the September 2019 Geomagnetic Storm Open
This dataset provides the observation and simulation results shown in the paper, "Quantifying Radial Diffusion Rate Through Multi-MeV Electron Drift Oscillations Driven by Broadband ULF Waves: A Case Study of the September 2019 Geomagnetic…
View article: A statistical study of the O <sub>2</sub> atmospheric band aurora observed by the Swedish satellite MATS
A statistical study of the O <sub>2</sub> atmospheric band aurora observed by the Swedish satellite MATS Open
This study conducts a statistical analysis of the aurora observed by the Swedish satellite MATS. MATS' main instrument is a telescope that performs limb imaging at six different wavelength intervals, among them the 762 nm wavelength emissi…
View article: Wave Heating of Magnetotail Current Sheet Electrons at Mars
Wave Heating of Magnetotail Current Sheet Electrons at Mars Open
The Martian magnetotail current sheet serves as a critical pathway for ionospheric ion escape. Contrary to the conventional view that external magnetic pressure is balanced mainly by internal ion thermal pressure, we present novel observat…
View article: Competing mechanisms of radial and local diffusion in radiation belt electron dynamics during quiet-geomagnetic conditions
Competing mechanisms of radial and local diffusion in radiation belt electron dynamics during quiet-geomagnetic conditions Open
While previous investigations utilizing high-resolution satellite observations (e.g., Van Allen Probes) have elucidated the competition between radial diffusion and local wave-driven acceleration mechanisms during geomagnetic storms, the r…
View article: A new data set of nighttime chemical heating rates in the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere derived from SCIAMACHY OH (9–6) emissions and SABER profiles
A new data set of nighttime chemical heating rates in the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere derived from SCIAMACHY OH (9–6) emissions and SABER profiles Open
Chemical heating from exothermic reactions is a key component of the upper mesosphere–lower thermosphere (UMLT) energy budget, yet its quantification remains uncertain. We derive a new data set of heating rates at 22:00 local time for seve…
View article: On Cavitons Generated by the Nonlinear Plasma Waves in HF Heating Experiments at HAARP
On Cavitons Generated by the Nonlinear Plasma Waves in HF Heating Experiments at HAARP Open
Analysis of nonlinear plasma waves, formulated and applied for ionospheric HF heating experiments, indicates that Langmuir/upper hybrid waves excited by parametric instabilities can evolve into traveling solitary waves accompanied by self-…
View article: Simultaneous Emergence of the X‐Pattern of the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly in the American and Asian Sectors During a Geomagnetically Quiet Day
Simultaneous Emergence of the X‐Pattern of the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly in the American and Asian Sectors During a Geomagnetically Quiet Day Open
In this work, we report the simultaneous emergence of the X‐pattern of equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) in the American and Asian sectors during a geomagnetically quiet day for the first time through the Global‐scale Observations of the…
View article: Dynamics and Energetics of Fast Waves from the Earth's Surface to the Lower Thermosphere
Dynamics and Energetics of Fast Waves from the Earth's Surface to the Lower Thermosphere Open
View article: Resolving Thermospheric Vertical Wind Ambiguities and Energy Processes
Resolving Thermospheric Vertical Wind Ambiguities and Energy Processes Open
This study applies a generalized vertical coordinate system approach alongside thermodynamic control volume analysis to explore the nuanced interpretations of energy transfer processes associated with vertical motion in the thermosphere. U…
View article: Simulated data for the study "Effects of Comet Encke's meteoroid stream on the seasonal variation of Mercury's Ca exosphere"
Simulated data for the study "Effects of Comet Encke's meteoroid stream on the seasonal variation of Mercury's Ca exosphere" Open
This .csv file contains simulated data related to the seasonal variation of calcium (Ca) in Mercury's exosphere, derived from Micro-Meteoroid Impact Vaporization (MMIV) processes. The model includes contributions from both the meteoroid ba…
View article: Resolving Thermospheric Vertical Wind Ambiguities and Energy Processes
Resolving Thermospheric Vertical Wind Ambiguities and Energy Processes Open
This study applies a generalized vertical coordinate system approach alongside thermodynamic control volume analysis to explore the nuanced interpretations of energy transfer processes associated with vertical motion in the thermosphere. U…
View article: Propagation of Non-Gaussian Uncertainties from Storm-Time Neutral Density to Orbital Position
Propagation of Non-Gaussian Uncertainties from Storm-Time Neutral Density to Orbital Position Open
Satellites in low Earth orbit (LEO) are subject to atmospheric drag driven by neutral density, which is highly variable and amplified during geomagnetic storms. Accurate drag modeling during storms is critical for collision avoidance and s…
View article: Linking Long-term Arctic Surface Variability and Changes in the Stratosphere, Mesosphere, and Lower Thermosphere
Linking Long-term Arctic Surface Variability and Changes in the Stratosphere, Mesosphere, and Lower Thermosphere Open
View article: Forecasting Thermospheric Density with Transformers for Multi-Satellite Orbit Management
Forecasting Thermospheric Density with Transformers for Multi-Satellite Orbit Management Open
Accurate thermospheric density prediction is crucial for reliable satellite operations in Low Earth Orbits, especially at high solar and geomagnetic activity. Physics-based models such as TIE-GCM offer high fidelity but are computationally…
View article: Forecasting Thermospheric Density with Transformers for Multi-Satellite Orbit Management
Forecasting Thermospheric Density with Transformers for Multi-Satellite Orbit Management Open
Accurate thermospheric density prediction is crucial for reliable satellite operations in Low Earth Orbits, especially at high solar and geomagnetic activity. Physics-based models such as TIE-GCM offer high fidelity but are computationally…
View article: Neptune as Evidence for Matter-Antimatter Spatial Separation
Neptune as Evidence for Matter-Antimatter Spatial Separation Open
Neptune exhibits five major observational anomalies unexplained by standard planetary physics: (1) thermal emission 2.6 times solar input—the highest ratio among all planets, (2) a 47° magnetic field tilt indicating multiple internal sourc…
View article: Neptune as Evidence for Matter-Antimatter Spatial Separation
Neptune as Evidence for Matter-Antimatter Spatial Separation Open
Neptune exhibits five major observational anomalies unexplained by standard planetary physics: (1) thermal emission 2.6 times solar input—the highest ratio among all planets, (2) a 47° magnetic field tilt indicating multiple internal sourc…
View article: Current Closure and Joule Heating in Data‐Driven 3‐D Auroral Arc Simulations
Current Closure and Joule Heating in Data‐Driven 3‐D Auroral Arc Simulations Open
Discrete auroral arc systems, despite many symmetries, are three‐dimensional in nature, encapsulating latitude and longitude variations in precipitation and field‐aligned currents combined with important altitude variations in conductiviti…
View article: Comment on “Evidence of Potential Thermospheric Overcooling During the May 2024 Geomagnetic Superstorm” by Kumar Ranjan et al.
Comment on “Evidence of Potential Thermospheric Overcooling During the May 2024 Geomagnetic Superstorm” by Kumar Ranjan et al. Open
The post‐storm neutral density ρ decrease (when it takes place) cannot be prescribed to a decrease in neutral temperature because this contradicts the observed negative foF 2 deviations normally observed during the recovery storm phase. Ne…
View article: Observation of a Long‐Lived Optical Meteor Producing Low Mesosphere Irregularity Echo: Trajectory, Fragmentation, and Spectroscopy
Observation of a Long‐Lived Optical Meteor Producing Low Mesosphere Irregularity Echo: Trajectory, Fragmentation, and Spectroscopy Open
Observations of meteoroids and their associated phenomena in the atmosphere provide crucial insights into the composition and structure of their parent bodies, and enhance our understanding of their impact on the near‐Earth space environme…
View article: Linking Long-term Arctic Surface Variability and Changes in the Stratosphere, Mesosphere, and Lower Thermosphere
Linking Long-term Arctic Surface Variability and Changes in the Stratosphere, Mesosphere, and Lower Thermosphere Open
View article: Extreme concentric gravity waves observed in the mesosphere and thermosphere regions over southern Brazil associated with fast-moving severe thunderstorms
Extreme concentric gravity waves observed in the mesosphere and thermosphere regions over southern Brazil associated with fast-moving severe thunderstorms Open
Three groups of intense concentric gravity waves (CGWs) lasting over 10 h were observed by an airglow imager at the Southern Space Observatory (SSO) in São Martinho da Serra (29.44° S, 53.82° W) in southern Brazil on 17–18 September 2023. …