Lipid microdomain
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An Overview of Biomembrane Functions in Plant Responses to High-Temperature Stress Open
Biological membranes are highly ordered structures consisting of mosaics of lipids and proteins. Elevated temperatures can directly and effectively change the properties of these membranes, including their fluidity and permeability, throug…
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Caveolae: Structure, Function, and Relationship to Disease Open
The plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells is not a simple sheet of lipids and proteins but is differentiated into subdomains with crucial functions. Caveolae, small pits in the plasma membrane, are the most abundant surface subdomains of man…
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Characterization of Lipid–Protein Interactions and Lipid-Mediated Modulation of Membrane Protein Function through Molecular Simulation Open
The cellular membrane constitutes one of the most fundamental compartments of a living cell, where key processes such as selective transport of material and exchange of information between the cell and its environment are mediated by prote…
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Tetraspanins Function as Regulators of Cellular Signaling Open
Tetraspanins are molecular scaffolds that distribute proteins into highly organized microdomains consisting of adhesion, signaling, and adaptor proteins. Many reports have identified interactions between tetraspanins and signaling molecule…
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Mechanisms and functions of membrane lipid remodeling in plants Open
SUMMARY Lipid remodeling, defined herein as post‐synthetic structural modifications of membrane lipids, play crucial roles in regulating the physicochemical properties of cellular membranes and hence their many functions. Processes affecte…
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Barriers to the free diffusion of proteins and lipids in the plasma membrane Open
Biological membranes segregate into specialized functional domains of distinct composition, which can persist for the entire life of the cell. How separation of their lipid and (glyco)protein components is generated and maintained is not w…
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Cardiac T-Tubule Microanatomy and Function Open
Unique to striated muscle cells, transverse tubules (t-tubules) are membrane organelles that consist of sarcolemma penetrating into the myocyte interior, forming a highly branched and interconnected network. Mature t-tubule networks are fo…
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Lipid and Lipid Raft Alteration in Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Window for the Development of New Biomarkers Open
Lipids in the brain are major components playing structural functions as well as physiological roles in nerve cells, such as neural communication, neurogenesis, synaptic transmission, signal transduction, membrane compartmentalization, and…
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Evidence for the involvement of lipid rafts localized at the ER-mitochondria associated membranes in autophagosome formation Open
Mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs) are subdomains of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that interact with mitochondria. This membrane scrambling between ER and mitochondria appears to play a critical role in the earliest steps of autoph…
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Microdomains, Inflammation, and Atherosclerosis Open
Elevated levels of cholesteryl ester (CE)–enriched apoB containing plasma lipoproteins lead to increased foam cell formation, the first step in the development of atherosclerosis. Unregulated uptake of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol b…
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Lipid Metabolism Crosstalk in the Brain: Glia and Neurons Open
Until recently, glial cells have been considered mainly support cells for neurons in the mammalian brain. However, many studies have unveiled a variety of glial functions including electrolyte homeostasis, inflammation, synapse formation, …
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The tetraspanin web revisited by super-resolution microscopy Open
The spatial organization of membrane proteins in the plasma membrane is critical for signal transduction, cell communication and membrane trafficking. Tetraspanins organize functional higher-order protein complexes called ‘tetraspanin-enri…
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Diffusion of lipids and GPI-anchored proteins in actin-free plasma membrane vesicles measured by STED-FCS Open
Diffusion and interaction dynamics of molecules at the plasma membrane play an important role in cellular signaling and are suggested to be strongly associated with the actin cytoskeleton. Here we use superresolution STED microscopy combin…
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In vivo model with targeted cAMP biosensor reveals changes in receptor–microdomain communication in cardiac disease Open
3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is an ubiquitous second messenger that regulates physiological functions by acting in distinct subcellular microdomains. Although several targeted cAMP biosensors are developed and used in single…
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Effects of Lipid Composition on Bilayer Membranes Quantified by All-Atom Molecular Dynamics Open
Biological bilayer membranes typically contain varying amounts of lamellar and nonlamellar lipids. Lamellar lipids, such as dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC), are defined by their tendency to form the lamellar phase, ubiquitous in biology…
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ORP5 localizes to ER–lipid droplet contacts and regulates the level of PI(4)P on lipid droplets Open
Lipid droplets (LDs) are evolutionarily conserved organelles that play important roles in cellular metabolism. Each LD is enclosed by a monolayer of phospholipids, distinct from bilayer membranes. During LD biogenesis and growth, this mono…
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Dopamine Transporter Activity Is Modulated by α-Synuclein Open
The duration and strength of the dopaminergic signal are regulated by the dopamine transporter (DAT). Drug addiction and neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases have all been associated with altered DAT activity. The membrane local…
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Microdomain-Specific Modulation of L-Type Calcium Channels Leads to Triggered Ventricular Arrhythmia in Heart Failure Open
Rationale: Disruption in subcellular targeting of Ca 2+ signaling complexes secondary to changes in cardiac myocyte structure may contribute to the pathophysiology of a variety of cardiac diseases, including heart failure (HF) and certain …
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Mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs) and lysosomal storage diseases Open
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) comprise a large group of disorders of catabolism, mostly due to deficiency of a single glycan-cleaving hydrolase. The consequent endo-lysosomal accumulation of undigested or partially digested substrates …
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Remodeling of the postsynaptic plasma membrane during neural development Open
Neuronal synapses are the fundamental units of neural signal transduction and must maintain exquisite signal fidelity while also accommodating the plasticity that underlies learning and development. To achieve these goals, the molecular co…
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Coupling of protein condensates to ordered lipid domains determines functional membrane organization Open
During T cell activation, the transmembrane adaptor protein LAT (linker for activation of T cells) forms biomolecular condensates with Grb2 and Sos1, facilitating signaling. LAT has also been associated with cholesterol-rich condensed lipi…
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Membrane microdomains and the cytoskeleton constrain At<span>HIR</span>1 dynamics and facilitate the formation of an At<span>HIR</span>1‐associated immune complex Open
Summary Arabidopsis hypersensitive‐induced reaction (At HIR ) proteins function in plant innate immunity. However, the underlying mechanisms by which At HIR s participate in plant immunity remain elusive. Here, using VA ‐ TIRFM and FLIM ‐ …
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Capturing Phase Behavior of Ternary Lipid Mixtures with a Refined Martini Coarse-Grained Force Field Open
Whether lipid rafts are present in the membranes of living cells remains hotly disputed despite their incontrovertible existence in liposomes at 298 K. In attempts to resolve this debate, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been exten…
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Chitin perception in plasmodesmata characterizes submembrane immune-signaling specificity in plants Open
The plasma membrane (PM) is composed of heterogeneous subdomains, characterized by differences in protein and lipid composition. PM receptors can be dynamically sorted into membrane domains to underpin signaling in response to extracellula…
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Direct Evidence for Microdomain-Specific Localization and Remodeling of Functional L-Type Calcium Channels in Rat and Human Atrial Myocytes Open
Background— Distinct subpopulations of L-type calcium channels (LTCCs) with different functional properties exist in cardiomyocytes. Disruption of cellular structure may affect LTCC in a microdomain-specific manner and contribute to the pa…
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Annexin A2–dependent actin bundling promotes secretory granule docking to the plasma membrane and exocytosis Open
Annexin A2, a calcium-, actin-, and lipid-binding protein involved in exocytosis, mediates the formation of lipid microdomains required for the structural and spatial organization of fusion sites at the plasma membrane. To understand how a…
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Effects of phosphatidylcholine membrane fluidity on the conformation and aggregation of N-terminally acetylated α-synuclein Open
Membrane association of α-synuclein (α-syn), a neuronal protein associated with Parkinson's disease (PD), is involved in α-syn function and pathology. Most previous studies on α-syn-membrane interactions have not used the physiologically r…
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Multiscale Modeling of Four-Component Lipid Mixtures: Domain Composition, Size, Alignment, and Properties of the Phase Interface Open
Simplified lipid mixtures are often used to model the complex behavior of the cell plasma membrane. Indeed, as few as four components-a high-melting lipid, a nandomain-inducing low-melting lipid, a macrodomain-inducing low-melting lipid, a…
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Lipid Droplets: Packing Hydrophobic Molecules Within the Aqueous Cytoplasm Open
Lipid droplets, also known as oil bodies or lipid bodies, are plant organelles that compartmentalize neutral lipids as a hydrophobic matrix covered by proteins embedded in a phospholipid monolayer. Some of these proteins have been known fo…
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Optimal microdomain crosstalk between endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria for Ca2+ oscillations Open
A Ca(2+) signaling model is proposed to consider the crosstalk of Ca(2+) ions between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria within microdomains around inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3R) and the mitochondrial Ca(2+) unipo…