Subgenus
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A Historical Overview of the Classification, Evolution, and Dispersion of Leishmania Parasites and Sandflies Open
We propose an updated view of events that have played important roles in the geographical dispersion of sandflies, in relation to both the Leishmania species they transmit and the animal reservoirs of the parasites.
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Classification of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Talaromyces and related genera (Eurotiales): An overview of families, genera, subgenera, sections, series and species Open
The Eurotiales is a relatively large order of Ascomycetes with members frequently having positive and negative impact on human activities. Species within this order gain attention from various research fields such as food, indoor and medic…
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Global Epidemiology of Bat Coronaviruses Open
Bats are a unique group of mammals of the order Chiroptera. They are highly diversified and are the group of mammals with the second largest number of species. Such highly diversified cell types and receptors facilitate them to be potentia…
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An appraisal of the taxonomy and nomenclature of trypanosomatids presently classified as <i>Leishmania</i> and <i>Endotrypanum</i> Open
SUMMARY We propose a taxonomic revision of the dixenous trypanosomatids currently classified as Endotrypanum and Leishmania , including parasites that do not fall within the subgenera L. ( Leishmania ) and L. ( Viannia) related to human le…
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Genomics in Bacterial Taxonomy: Impact on the Genus Pseudomonas Open
The introduction of genomics is profoundly changing current bacterial taxonomy. Phylogenomics provides accurate methods for delineating species and allows us to infer the phylogeny of higher taxonomic ranks as well as those at the subspeci…
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Evolutionary origins of the SARS-CoV-2 sarbecovirus lineage responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic Open
There are outstanding evolutionary questions on the recent emergence of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2/hCoV-19 in Hubei province that caused the COVID-19 pandemic, including (1) the relationship of the new virus to the SARS-related coronaviruses, …
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Phylogeny of <i>Impatiens</i> (Balsaminaceae): integrating molecular and morphological evidence into a new classification Open
Impatiens L. is one of the largest angiosperm genera, containing over 1000 species, and is notorious for its taxonomic difficulty. Here, we present, to our knowledge, the most comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the genus to date based …
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<i>Aspergillus</i>section<i>Nidulantes</i>(formerly<i>Emericella</i>): Polyphasic taxonomy, chemistry and biology Open
Aspergillus section Nidulantes includes species with striking morphological characters, such as biseriate conidiophores with brown-pigmented stipes, and if present, the production of ascomata embedded in masses of Hülle cells with often re…
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Global decline of bumblebees is phylogenetically structured and inversely related to species range size and pathogen incidence Open
Conservation biology can profit greatly from incorporating a phylogenetic perspective into analyses of patterns and drivers of species extinction risk. We applied such an approach to analyse patterns of bumblebee ( Bombus ) decline. We ass…
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Generic revision of the ant subfamily Dorylinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) Open
The generic classification of the ant subfamily Dorylinae is revised, with the aim of facilitating identification of easily-diagnosable monophyletic genera. The new classification is based on recent molecular phylogenetic evidence and a cr…
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A global checklist of the 932 fruit fly species in the tribe Dacini (Diptera, Tephritidae) Open
The correct application of the scientific names of species is neither easy nor trivial. Mistakes can lead to the wrong interpretation of research results or, when pest species are involved, inappropriate regulations and limits on trade, an…
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Insights into phylogeny, age and evolution of Allium (Amaryllidaceae) based on the whole plastome sequences Open
Background and Aims The genus Allium L., one of the largest monocotyledonous genera and one that includes many economically important crops with nutritional and medicinal value, has been the focus of classification or phylogeny studies for…
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Morphometric Wing Characters as a Tool for Mosquito Identification Open
Mosquitoes are responsible for the transmission of important infectious diseases, causing millions of deaths every year and endangering approximately 3 billion people around the world. As such, precise identification of mosquito species is…
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Comparative chloroplast genome analysis of Artemisia (Asteraceae) in East Asia: insights into evolutionary divergence and phylogenomic implications Open
Background Artemisia in East Asia includes a number of economically important taxa that are widely used for food, medicinal, and ornamental purposes. The identification of taxa, however, has been hampered by insufficient diagnostic morphol…
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Genomes of skipper butterflies reveal extensive convergence of wing patterns Open
For centuries, biologists have used phenotypes to infer evolution. For decades, a handful of gene markers have given us a glimpse of the genotype to combine with phenotypic traits. Today, we can sequence entire genomes from hundreds of spe…
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A dated molecular perspective of eucalypt taxonomy, evolution and diversification Open
The eucalypts, which include Eucalyptus, Angophora and Corymbia, are native to Australia and Malesia and include over 800 named species in a mixture of diverse and depauperate lineages. We assessed the fit of the eucalypt taxonomic classif…
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Major clades and a revised classification of <i>Magnolia</i> and Magnoliaceae based on whole plastid genome sequences via genome skimming Open
With more than 300 species, the Magnoliaceae family represents a major Magnoliid lineage that is disjunctly distributed in Asia and the New World. The classification of Magnolia s.l. has been highly controversial among taxonomists, varying…
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Evidences for a role of two Y-specific genes in sex determination in Populus deltoides Open
Almost all plants in the genus Populus are dioecious (i.e. trees are either male or female), but it is unknown whether dioecy evolved in a common ancestor or independently in different subgenera. Here, we sequence the small peritelomeric X…
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A comprehensive analysis of malaria transmission in Brazil Open
Malaria remains a serious public health problem in Brazil despite a significant drop in the number of cases in the past decade. We conduct a comprehensive analysis of malaria transmission in Brazil to highlight the epidemiologically most r…
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Phylogeny of Anophelinae using mitochondrial protein coding genes Open
Malaria is a vector-borne disease that is a great burden on the poorest and most marginalized communities of the tropical and subtropical world. Approximately 41 species of Anopheline mosquitoes can effectively spread species of Plasmodium…
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Leishmania (Mundinia) orientalis n. sp. (Trypanosomatidae), a parasite from Thailand responsible for localised cutaneous leishmaniasis Open
Three species of parasites are now known to cause leishmaniasis is Thailand, L. martiniquensis and L. orientalis n. sp. in the subgenus Mundinia, which contains the type-species Leishmania enriettii Muniz & Medina, 1948, and a single case …
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Stingless bee classification and biology (Hymenoptera, Apidae): a review, with an updated key to genera and subgenera Open
Stingless bees (Meliponini) are a ubiquitous and diverse element of the pantropical melittofauna, and have significant cultural and economic importance. This review outlines their diversity, and provides identification keys based on extern…
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Phylogeny of xerophilic aspergilli (subgenus Aspergillus) and taxonomic revision of section Restricti Open
Aspergillus section Restricti together with sister section Aspergillus (formerly Eurotium) comprises xerophilic species, that are able to grow on substrates with low water activity and in extreme environments. We adressed the monophyly of …
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Development of Chloroplast and Nuclear DNA Markers for Chinese Oaks (Quercus Subgenus Quercus) and Assessment of Their Utility as DNA Barcodes Open
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) is frequently used for species demography, evolution, and species discrimination of plants. However, the lack of efficient and universal markers often brings particular challenges for genetic studies across differen…
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Spatiotemporal Evolution of the Global Species Diversity of <i>Rhododendron</i> Open
Evolutionary radiation is a widely recognized mode of species diversification, but its underlying mechanisms have not been unambiguously resolved for species-rich cosmopolitan plant genera. In particular, it remains largely unknown how bio…
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Genetics, Morphology, Advertisement Calls, and Historical Records Distinguish Six New Polyploid Species of African Clawed Frog (Xenopus, Pipidae) from West and Central Africa Open
African clawed frogs, genus Xenopus, are extraordinary among vertebrates in the diversity of their polyploid species and the high number of independent polyploidization events that occurred during their diversification. Here we update curr…
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A framework infrageneric classification of<i>Carex</i>(Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles Open
Phylogenetic studies of Carex L. (Cyperaceae) have consistently demonstrated that most subgenera and sections are para‐ or polyphyletic. Yet, taxonomists continue to use subgenera and sections in Carex classification. Why? The Global Carex…
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Genera of Inocybaceae: New skin for the old ceremony Open
A six-gene phylogeny of the Inocybaceae is presented to address classification of major clades within the family. Seven genera are recognized that establish a global overview of phylogenetic relationships in the Inocybaceae. Two genera—Not…
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Review of genus-group names in the family Tenebrionidae (Insecta, Coleoptera) Open
A review of genus-group names for darkling beetles in the family Tenebrionidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) is presented. A catalogue of 4122 nomenclaturally available genus-group names, representing 2307 valid genera (33 of which are extinct) an…
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Systematics of the Gracilariales (Rhodophyta) including new subfamilies, tribes, subgenera, and two new genera, Agarophyton gen. nov. and Crassa gen. nov. Open
The Gracilariales is a red macroalgal order and the main global source of the economically important agar, a marine phycocolloid. Independent comparative morphological and molecular phylogenetic studies over the last 20 years have revealed…