Animal science
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Crop Production under Drought and Heat Stress: Plant Responses and Management Options Open
Abiotic stresses are one of the major constraints to crop production and food security worldwide. The situation has aggravated due to the drastic and rapid changes in global climate. Heat and drought are undoubtedly the two most important …
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Net-zero emissions energy systems Open
Path to zero carbon emissions Models show that to avert dangerous levels of climate change, global carbon dioxide emissions must fall to zero later this century. Most of these emissions arise from energy use. Davis et al. review what it wo…
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Plant adaptations to the combination of drought and high temperatures Open
Under field conditions crops are routinely subjected to a number of different abiotic stress factors simultaneously. Recent studies revealed that the response of plants to a combination of different abiotic stresses is unique and cannot be…
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Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances in food Open
The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific evaluation on the risks to human health related to the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in food. Based on several similar effects in animals, toxicokinetics and observed conc…
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A 100-Year Review: Mastitis detection, management, and prevention Open
Mastitis is the most frequent disease of dairy cows and has well-recognized detrimental effects on animal wellbeing and dairy farm profitability. Since the beginning of modern dairy farming, producers have sought effective methods to minim…
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Specific microbiome-dependent mechanisms underlie the energy harvest efficiency of ruminants Open
Ruminants have the remarkable ability to convert human-indigestible plant biomass into human-digestible food products, due to a complex microbiome residing in the rumen compartment of their upper digestive tract. Here we report the discove…
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Invited review: Effects of heat stress on dairy cattle welfare Open
The effects of high ambient temperatures on production animals, once thought to be limited to tropical areas, has extended into northern latitudes in response to the increasing global temperature. The number of days where the temperature-h…
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Response of Broiler Chickens to Three Different Energy Source Feedstuffs Open
Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the effect of different energy sources in starter diet on broiler chicks. Methodology: The study was conducted at the Poultry Unit of the Teaching and Research Farm of the Department of Anim…
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Utilization of Differently Processed Sesame Seed Meal as a Source of Methionine in Guinea Fowls Diets Open
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of different processing methods on sesame seeds meal as a source of methionine for guinea fowls. The research took place at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Department of Animal Healt…
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Haematological Studies of Broilers (1-28 Days) Fed with Diet Containing Varying Proportions of Tithonia Diversifolia Leaf Protein Concentrate Open
A feeding trial lasting for 28 days was conducted, involving 150 days old chicks which were randomly allocated to five dietary treatment with 3 replicate, of ten birds per replicate. The experimental diets consisted of 0%, 5%, 10%,15% and …
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Half-lives of PFOS, PFHxS and PFOA after end of exposure to contaminated drinking water Open
Background Municipal drinking water contaminated with perfluorinated alkyl acids had been distributed to one-third of households in Ronneby, Sweden. The source was firefighting foam used in a nearby airfield since the mid-1980s. Clean wate…
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The emergence of heat and humidity too severe for human tolerance Open
Humid heat extremes are rapidly increasing and may have already briefly exceeded humans’ physiological survivability limit.
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Heat and Drought Stresses in Crops and Approaches for Their Mitigation Open
Drought and heat are major abiotic stresses that reduce crop productivity and weaken global food security, especially given the current and growing impacts of climate change and increases in the occurrence and severity of both stress facto…
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Global Mycotoxin Occurrence in Feed: A Ten-Year Survey Open
Mycotoxins contaminating animal feed can exert toxic effects in animals and be transferred into animal products. Therefore, mycotoxin occurrence in feed should be monitored. To this end, we performed a large-scale global survey of mycotoxi…
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Persistent metabolic adaptation 6 years after “The Biggest Loser” competition Open
Objective To measure long‐term changes in resting metabolic rate (RMR) and body composition in participants of “The Biggest Loser” competition. Methods Body composition was measured by dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry, and RMR was determin…
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Drought or/and Heat-Stress Effects on Seed Filling in Food Crops: Impacts on Functional Biochemistry, Seed Yields, and Nutritional Quality Open
Drought (water deficits) and heat (high temperatures) stress are the prime abiotic constraints, under the current and climate change scenario in future. Any further increase in the occurrence, and extremity of these stresses, either indivi…
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Use of antibiotics in broiler production: Global impacts and alternatives Open
Antibiotics are used to fight bacterial infections. However, a selective pressure gave rise to bacteria resistant to antibiotics. This leaves scientists worried about the danger to human and animal health. Some strategies can be borrowed t…
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Impact of heat stress on health and performance of dairy animals: A review Open
Sustainability in livestock production system is largely affected by climate change. An imbalance between metabolic heat production inside the animal body and its dissipation to the surroundings results to heat stress (HS) under high air t…
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Changes in genetic selection differentials and generation intervals in US Holstein dairy cattle as a result of genomic selection Open
Significance The introduction of genomic selection in dairy cattle improvement programs in 2008 was expected to increase rates of genetic gain, particularly for traits with low heritabilities, such as fertility and longevity. Our analysis …
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Effects of once‐weekly semaglutide on appetite, energy intake, control of eating, food preference and body weight in subjects with obesity Open
Aim The aim of this trial was to investigate the mechanism of action for body weight loss with semaglutide. Materials and methods This randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, two‐period crossover trial investigated the effects of 12 …
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Strategies to modulate the intestinal microbiota and their effects on nutrient utilization, performance, and health of poultry Open
Poultry is widely produced and consumed meat globally. Its demand is expected to continue increasing to meet the animal protein requirement for ever-increasing human population. Thus, the challenge that poultry scientists and industry face…
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Lifetime Accumulation of Microplastic in Children and Adults Open
Human exposure to microplastic is recognized as a global problem, but the uncertainty, variability, and lifetime accumulation are unresolved. We provide a probabilistic lifetime exposure model for children and adults, which accounts for in…
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Multi-omics reveals that the rumen microbiome and its metabolome together with the host metabolome contribute to individualized dairy cow performance Open
Background Recently, we reported that some dairy cows could produce high amounts of milk with high amounts of protein (defined as milk protein yield [MPY]) when a population was raised under the same nutritional and management condition, a…
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Plant-based and cell-based approaches to meat production Open
Advances in farming technology and intensification of animal agriculture increase the cost-efficiency and production volume of meat. Thus, in developed nations, meat is relatively inexpensive and accessible. While beneficial for consumer s…
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Effects of temperature on feeding and digestive processes in fish Open
As most fish are ectotherms, their physiology is strongly affected by temperature. Temperature affects their metabolic rate and thus their energy balance and behavior, including locomotor and feeding behavior. Temperature influences the ab…
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Trends in Dietary Carbohydrate, Protein, and Fat Intake and Diet Quality Among US Adults, 1999-2016 Open
From 1999 to 2016, US adults experienced a significant decrease in percentage of energy intake from low-quality carbohydrates and significant increases in percentage of energy intake from high-quality carbohydrates, plant protein, and poly…
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Global riverine N and P transport to ocean increased during the 20th century despite increased retention along the aquatic continuum Open
Various human activities – including agriculture, water consumption, river damming, and aquaculture – have intensified over the last century. This has had a major impact on nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycling in global continental wate…
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Potential and challenges of tannins as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics for farm animal production Open
Naturally occurring plant compounds including tannins, saponins and essential oils are extensively assessed as natural alternatives to in-feed antibiotics. Tannins are a group of polyphenolic compounds that are widely present in plant regi…
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Effect of rearing substrate on growth performance, waste reduction efficiency and chemical composition of black soldier fly (<span><i>Hermetia illucens</i></span>) larvae Open
BACKGROUND Wastes can be used as rearing substrate by black soldier fly (BSF) larvae, the latter being exploitable as a protein source in animal feed. This research aimed to assess the influence of four rearing substrates (Trial 1 (organic…
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Risks to human and animal health related to the presence of deoxynivalenol and its acetylated and modified forms in food and feed Open
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin primarily produced by Fusarium fungi, occurring predominantly in cereal grains. Following the request of the European Commission, the CONTAM Panel assessed the risk to animal and human health related to …