Thermogenesis ≈ Thermogenesis
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<i>FTO</i> Obesity Variant Circuitry and Adipocyte Browning in Humans Open
Our results point to a pathway for adipocyte thermogenesis regulation involving ARID5B, rs1421085, IRX3, and IRX5, which, when manipulated, had pronounced pro-obesity and anti-obesity effects. (Funded by the German Research Center for Envi…
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Adipose Tissue Remodeling: Its Role in Energy Metabolism and Metabolic Disorders Open
The adipose tissue is a central metabolic organ in the regulation of whole-body energy homeostasis. The white adipose tissue functions as a key energy reservoir for other organs, whereas the brown adipose tissue accumulates lipids for cold…
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Hypothermia in newly born piglets: Mechanisms of thermoregulation and pathophysiology of death Open
Mortality in piglets during the perinatal period, especially the first days after birth, is frequently caused by non-infectious conditions, such as hypoglucemia or low birth weight, which can be associated with hypothermia experienced at b…
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Brown and beige fat in humans: thermogenic adipocytes that control energy and glucose homeostasis Open
Brown adipose tissue (BAT), a specialized fat that dissipates energy to produce heat, plays an important role in the regulation of energy balance. Two types of thermogenic adipocytes with distinct developmental and anatomical features exis…
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Mitochondria are physiologically maintained at close to 50 °C Open
In endothermic species, heat released as a product of metabolism ensures stable internal temperature throughout the organism, despite varying environmental conditions. Mitochondria are major actors in this thermogenic process. Part of the …
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A hypothalamic circuit that controls body temperature Open
Significance Thermal homeostasis is essential for survival in mammals. Although it is known that temperature-sensitive neurons in the hypothalamus can control body temperature, the precise neural types and dynamics of neurons responding to…
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Exercise Effects on White Adipose Tissue: Beiging and Metabolic Adaptations Open
Regular physical activity and exercise training have long been known to cause adaptations to white adipose tissue (WAT), including decreases in cell size and lipid content and increases in mitochondrial proteins. In this article, we discus…
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Brown and beige adipose tissue: a novel therapeutic strategy for obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus Open
Mammalian adipose tissue can be divided into two major types, namely, white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). According to classical view, the main function of WAT is to store excess energy in the form of triglycerides, …
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Capsaicin induces browning of white adipose tissue and counters obesity by activating TRPV1 channel‐dependent mechanisms Open
Background and Purpose The growing epidemic of obesity and metabolic diseases necessitates the development of novel strategies to prevent and treat such diseases. Current research suggests that browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) promot…
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A High-Fat Diet Increases Gut Microbiota Biodiversity and Energy Expenditure Due to Nutrient Difference Open
A high-fat diet (HFD) can easily induce obesity and change the gut microbiota and its metabolites. However, studies on the effects of high-fat diets on the host have drawn inconsistent results. In this study, the unexpected results showed …
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Irisin: A Hope in Understanding and Managing Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome Open
White adipose tissue (WAT) is an endocrine organ highly integrated in homeostasis and capable of establishing ways of communicating and influencing multiple metabolic processes. Brown adipose tissue promotes energy expenditure by incorpora…
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The Role of Adipose Tissue Mitochondria: Regulation of Mitochondrial Function for the Treatment of Metabolic Diseases Open
: Mitochondria play a key role in maintaining energy homeostasis in metabolic tissues, including adipose tissues. The two main types of adipose tissues are the white adipose tissue (WAT) and the brown adipose tissue (BAT). WAT primarily st…
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Mitochondrial uncoupling proteins and energy metabolism Open
Understanding the metabolic factors that contribute to energy metabolism (EM) is critical for the development of new treatments for obesity and related diseases. Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is not perfectly coupled to ATP synth…
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Brown and Beige Fat: Molecular Parts of a Thermogenic Machine Open
The epidemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes has increased interest in pathways that affect energy balance in mammalian systems. Brown fat, in all of its dimensions, can increase energy expenditure through the dissipation of chemical energy…
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Pasteurized <i>Akkermansia muciniphila</i> increases whole-body energy expenditure and fecal energy excretion in diet-induced obese mice Open
Accumulating evidence points to Akkermansia muciniphila as a novel candidate to prevent or treat obesity-related metabolic disorders. We recently observed, in mice and in humans, that pasteurization of A. muciniphila increases its benefici…
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Brown-fat-mediated tumour suppression by cold-altered global metabolism Open
Glucose uptake is essential for cancer glycolysis and is involved in non-shivering thermogenesis of adipose tissues 1–6 . Most cancers use glycolysis to harness energy for their infinite growth, invasion and metastasis 2,7,8 . Activation o…
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The Role of Exercise in the Interplay between Myokines, Hepatokines, Osteokines, Adipokines, and Modulation of Inflammation for Energy Substrate Redistribution and Fat Mass Loss: A Review Open
Exercise is an effective strategy for preventing and treating obesity and its related cardiometabolic disorders, resulting in significant loss of body fat mass, white adipose tissue browning, redistribution of energy substrates, optimizati…
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AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) Regulates Energy Metabolism through Modulating Thermogenesis in Adipose Tissue Open
Obesity occurs when excess energy accumulates in white adipose tissue (WAT), whereas brown adipose tissue (BAT), which is specialized in dissipating energy through thermogenesis, potently counteracts obesity. White adipocytes can be conver…
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TGR5 signalling promotes mitochondrial fission and beige remodelling of white adipose tissue Open
Remodelling of energy storing white fat into energy expending beige fat could be a promising strategy to reduce adiposity. Here, we show that the bile acid-responsive membrane receptor TGR5 mediates beiging of the subcutaneous white adipos…
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UCP1 Dependent and Independent Thermogenesis in Brown and Beige Adipocytes Open
Mammals have two types of thermogenic adipocytes: brown adipocytes and beige adipocytes. Thermogenic adipocytes express high levels of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) to dissipates energy in the form of heat by uncoupling the mitochondrial pro…
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Brown Fat and Browning for the Treatment of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders Open
Brown fat is a specialized fat depot that can increase energy expenditure and produce heat. After the recent discovery of the presence of active brown fat in human adults and novel transcription factors controlling brown adipocyte differen…
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Adipose Fatty Acid Oxidation Is Required for Thermogenesis and Potentiates Oxidative Stress-Induced Inflammation Open
To understand the contribution of adipose tissue fatty acid oxidation to whole-body metabolism, we generated mice with an adipose-specific knockout of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (CPT2(A-/-)), an obligate step in mitochondrial long-ch…
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Skeletal Muscle Thermogenesis and Its Role in Whole Body Energy Metabolism Open
Obesity and diabetes has become a major epidemic across the globe. Controlling obesity has been a challenge since this would require either increased physical activity or reduced caloric intake; both are difficult to enforce. There has bee…
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Brown Adipose Tissue, Diet-Induced Thermogenesis, and Thermogenic Food Ingredients: From Mice to Men Open
Since the recent rediscovery of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in adult humans, this thermogenic tissue has been attracting increasing interest. The inverse relationship between BAT activity and body fatness suggests that BAT, because of its e…
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Thyroid hormone (T<sub>3</sub>) stimulates brown adipose tissue activation via mitochondrial biogenesis and MTOR-mediated mitophagy Open
The thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) activates thermogenesis by uncoupling electron transport from ATP synthesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) mitochondria. Although T3 can induce thermogenesis by sympathetic innervation, little is kn…
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Low- and high-thermogenic brown adipocyte subpopulations coexist in murine adipose tissue Open
Brown adipose tissue (BAT), as the main site of adaptive thermogenesis, exerts beneficial metabolic effects on obesity and insulin resistance. BAT has been previously assumed to contain a homogeneous population of brown adipocytes. Utilizi…
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FGF21 and the late adaptive response to starvation in humans Open
In mice, FGF21 is rapidly induced by fasting, mediates critical aspects of the adaptive starvation response, and displays a number of positive metabolic properties when administered pharmacologically. In humans, however, fasting does not c…
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Central Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Browns White Fat via Sympathetic Action in Male Mice Open
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) has multiple metabolic actions, including the induction of browning in white adipose tissue. Although FGF21 stimulated browning results from a direct interaction between FGF21 and the adipocyte, browning…
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Brown adipose tissue activity as a target for the treatment of obesity/insulin resistance Open
Presence of brown adipose tissue (BAT), characterized by the expression of the thermogenic uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), has recently been described in adult humans. UCP1 is expressed in classical brown adipocytes, as well as in "beige cell…
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β3-Adrenergic receptors regulate human brown/beige adipocyte lipolysis and thermogenesis Open
β3-Adrenergic receptors (β3-ARs) are the predominant regulators of rodent brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis. However, in humans, the physiological relevance of BAT and β3-AR remains controversial. Herein, using primary human adipocy…