Interleukin 4
View article: Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Heligmosomoides polygyrus activate different immunomodulatory pathways in murine macrophages in vitro
Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Heligmosomoides polygyrus activate different immunomodulatory pathways in murine macrophages in vitro Open
Hookworm infections affect hundreds of millions of people worldwide and rank among the most significant neglected tropical diseases in terms of morbidity. Due to the inverse correlation between hookworm infection and the incidence of immun…
View article: Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Kaihoujian throat spray, and therapeutic mechanism in acute pharyngitis: involvement of the NF-κB/COX-2 pathway and formula deconstruction strategy
Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Kaihoujian throat spray, and therapeutic mechanism in acute pharyngitis: involvement of the NF-κB/COX-2 pathway and formula deconstruction strategy Open
Introduction Kaihoujian (KHJ) throat spray is a traditional formula derived from the Miao ethnic minority in China, which is highly effective in treating acute pharyngitis and tonsillitis. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammat…
View article: Correlation analysis of cytokine levels and Th2, Th17, and Treg cells in allergic rhinitis
Correlation analysis of cytokine levels and Th2, Th17, and Treg cells in allergic rhinitis Open
Objective: To explore the roles of Th2, Th17, and regulatory T (Treg) cells and their related cytokines and transcriptional genes in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis (AR). Methods: A total of 200 patients who were diagnosed with AR in…
View article: ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ПОЛИМОРФИЗМА C-589T ГЕНА IL4 У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С АТОПИЧЕСКИМ ДЕРМАТИТОМ
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ПОЛИМОРФИЗМА C-589T ГЕНА IL4 У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С АТОПИЧЕСКИМ ДЕРМАТИТОМ Open
Атопический дерматит (АД) представляет собой хроническое рецидивирующее мультифакторное заболевание кожи, развивающееся у генетически предрасположенных лиц в результате сложного взаимодействия нарушений кожного барьера, иммунных и не…
View article: ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ПОЛИМОРФИЗМА C-589T ГЕНА IL4 У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С АТОПИЧЕСКИМ ДЕРМАТИТОМ
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ПОЛИМОРФИЗМА C-589T ГЕНА IL4 У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С АТОПИЧЕСКИМ ДЕРМАТИТОМ Open
Атопический дерматит (АД) представляет собой хроническое рецидивирующее мультифакторное заболевание кожи, развивающееся у генетически предрасположенных лиц в результате сложного взаимодействия нарушений кожного барьера, иммунных и нейровег…
View article: Loss of MicroRNA29 expression in B cells and skin microbiota synergize to promote atopic dermatitis in mice 2581
Loss of MicroRNA29 expression in B cells and skin microbiota synergize to promote atopic dermatitis in mice 2581 Open
Description Our research focuses on the role of the microRNA(miR)29 family to regulate peripheral B cell survival and function. We hypothesized that mice with miR29-deficient B cells (B29KO) would have reduced B cell survival and heightene…
View article: Inflammasome and interleukin 1 signaling modulate antibody responses and reactogenicity of self-amplifying replicon RNA vaccines 4846
Inflammasome and interleukin 1 signaling modulate antibody responses and reactogenicity of self-amplifying replicon RNA vaccines 4846 Open
Description Self-amplifying replicon RNA (repRNA) is an effective measure of inducing a protective response with a smaller dose than conventional RNA vaccines. LIONTM, a cationic nanocarrier, retains the repRNA at the injection site and in…
View article: Tenuifolin mitigates allergic asthma by modulating M2 macrophage polarization via the STAT6 pathway 3388
Tenuifolin mitigates allergic asthma by modulating M2 macrophage polarization via the STAT6 pathway 3388 Open
Description Asthma affects approximately 300 million individuals globally, with a prevalence rate of about 10% in Taiwan. The increasing incidence, particularly among children, is associated with factors such as allergens, air pollution, a…
View article: IL10 gene mutations do not impair Tr1 differentiation in vivo and can be functionally corrected by precise gene editing 9296
IL10 gene mutations do not impair Tr1 differentiation in vivo and can be functionally corrected by precise gene editing 9296 Open
Description IL10 deficiency is a life-threatening form of IBD that is difficult to treat. IL-10 is a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine secreted by various cell types, including immunosuppressive CD4+ Type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells, which …
View article: HIF-2α plays a critical role in developing pathogenic Th2 cells for steroid-ressitant allergic inflammation 3482
HIF-2α plays a critical role in developing pathogenic Th2 cells for steroid-ressitant allergic inflammation 3482 Open
Description Allergen-specific memory Th2 (mTh2) cells are critical in relapses of asthma following allergen re-exposure. Additionally, IL-33 released from damaged epithelial cells, promotes steroid-resistant type 2 inflammation by activati…
View article: Pharmacodynamic study of Dupilumab based on HDM induced asthma model in BALB/c-hIL4hIL4R? humanized mice 4820
Pharmacodynamic study of Dupilumab based on HDM induced asthma model in BALB/c-hIL4hIL4R? humanized mice 4820 Open
Description Ting wang1, Juan Liang1 1GemPharmatech Co. Ltd., 12 Xuefu Road, Nanjing, 210061, China The IL4/IL4Rα signal pathway is involved in regulating lgE production, chemokine and mucus production and promoting Th2 differentiation; and…
View article: Regulation of T cell polarization using HIF1a stabilizer, Roxadustat in MC903 induced Atopic Dermatitis 2433
Regulation of T cell polarization using HIF1a stabilizer, Roxadustat in MC903 induced Atopic Dermatitis 2433 Open
Description Atopic Dermatitis (AD) remains one of the most chronic inflammatory skin diseases and is strongly associated with other atopic diseases like asthma. Though Th2 response is known to be the main humoral response in AD, follicular…
View article: Polyunsaturated fatty acids regulate protein kinase C zeta levels in immature (cord blood) T cells, their maturation towards a Th1 cytokine bias and its significance in reducing allergy risk 3443
Polyunsaturated fatty acids regulate protein kinase C zeta levels in immature (cord blood) T cells, their maturation towards a Th1 cytokine bias and its significance in reducing allergy risk 3443 Open
Description A significant number of babies born to women with a family history of allergy have transiently low levels of cord blood T cell protein kinase C (PKC)ζ, and increased incidence of allergic sensitisation by 2.5 y of age. We have …
View article: Unraveling Helminth-Specific T Cells: Insights from Gene Editing in Strongyloides ratti 2176
Unraveling Helminth-Specific T Cells: Insights from Gene Editing in Strongyloides ratti 2176 Open
Description CD4+ helper 2 (TH2) cells are crucial for protective Type 2 immunity against parasitic helminths, but the importance of antigen-specificity in this context remains a controversial topic. This study, generated, characterized and…
View article: Long-lived IgE plasma cells residing in the spleen contribute to the persistence of allergy 4302
Long-lived IgE plasma cells residing in the spleen contribute to the persistence of allergy 4302 Open
Description IgE mediates allergic reactions due to its ability to bind to high affinity receptors on mast cells inducing degranulation upon crosslinking. IgE production is highly regulated and IgE plasma cells (PC) are rare. Most IgE PC ar…
View article: ILC2 and TH2 cells serve non redundant roles during anamnestic lung Type 2 immunity 2116
ILC2 and TH2 cells serve non redundant roles during anamnestic lung Type 2 immunity 2116 Open
Description Lung anti-helminth immunity elicited by memory type 2 cytokine responses promotes wound healing as well as trapping and elimination of migratory larvae. However, the relative contribution(s) of group 2 innate lymphoid (ILC2s) v…
View article: B cell-intrinsic TLR signaling inhibits class switching to IgE 4439
B cell-intrinsic TLR signaling inhibits class switching to IgE 4439 Open
Description Chronic allergic diseases such as allergic asthma are driven by allergen-specific IgE antibodies. B cells produce IgE through class switch recombination (CSR), a process regulated by T cell help and the cytokine, IL-4. Early li…
View article: Prostaglandin I2 signaling restrains IL-13+ T follicular helper cell formation and IgE generation in allergic airway inflammation 2421
Prostaglandin I2 signaling restrains IL-13+ T follicular helper cell formation and IgE generation in allergic airway inflammation 2421 Open
Description Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) signaling suppresses the function of T helper type 2 (Th2) and group 2 innate lymphoid (ILC2) cells in allergic airway inflammation (AAI). T follicular helper (Tfh) cells promote the development of AAI b…
View article: Dendritic cell alpha-ketoglutarate regulates Tfh polarization in allergic asthma 2444
Dendritic cell alpha-ketoglutarate regulates Tfh polarization in allergic asthma 2444 Open
Description Initiation of allergic responses requires activation of specialized subsets of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells called Tfh13 cells. Differentiation of these cells from naïve CD4+ T cells is induced by antigen presenting cells, l…
View article: Characterizing the type 2 immune response in the nematode model Heligmosomoides bakeri 3768
Characterizing the type 2 immune response in the nematode model Heligmosomoides bakeri 3768 Open
Description Approximately 1.5 billion people are infected with parasitic worms. The dynamics of priming, expansion, differentiation, contraction, and memory responses by helminth-specific Th2 cells remain understudied. We aim to create a C…
View article: The aged microenvironment impairs BCL6 and CD40L induction in CD4+ T follicular helper cell differentiation 2437
The aged microenvironment impairs BCL6 and CD40L induction in CD4+ T follicular helper cell differentiation 2437 Open
Description Weakened germinal center responses by the aged immune system result in diminished immunity against pathogens and reduced efficacy of vaccines. Prolonged contacts between activated B cells and CD4+ T cells are crucial to germina…
View article: Shared and distinct responses of human and murine alveolar macrophages and monocyte-derived macrophages to <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>
Shared and distinct responses of human and murine alveolar macrophages and monocyte-derived macrophages to <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Open
Macrophages are important sites of bacterial replication and host immune responses during Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection with distinct roles for alveolar macrophages (AMs) early in infection and monocyte-derived macrophages (MD…
View article: Optimization of human B cell culture conditions for expansion of activated or differentiated B cells
Optimization of human B cell culture conditions for expansion of activated or differentiated B cells Open
In vitro B cell cutures are important for fundamental and applied science: these can be used to study antigenic specificity of B and T cells, as well as to produce monoclonal antibodies and other biopharmaceuticals. That is why the develop…
View article: Immunomodulatory Roles of Interleukins in Root Canal Healing: A Molecular Perspective on Endodontic Sealer Biocompatibility
Immunomodulatory Roles of Interleukins in Root Canal Healing: A Molecular Perspective on Endodontic Sealer Biocompatibility Open
Background: Effective root canal treatment is not only associated with the eradication of infection but also with responses of tissue to endodontic adhesives. The periapical immune microenvironment, especially interleukin (IL) signaling, i…
View article: Anti‐<scp>IL</scp>‐5 Vaccination Dampens Allergen‐Specific <scp>IgE</scp> Levels and Modulates <scp>IL</scp>‐4 and <scp>IL</scp>‐5 Th2 Cytokines in Skin Allergy of Mice and Horses
Anti‐<span>IL</span>‐5 Vaccination Dampens Allergen‐Specific <span>IgE</span> Levels and Modulates <span>IL</span>‐4 and <span>IL</span>‐5 Th2 Cytokines in Skin Allergy of Mice and Horses Open
Background Skin allergies are among the most frequent types of allergies, where continuous investigation of the pathological immune mechanisms is required for a better understanding and a more effective treatment of the disease. In this st…
View article: EXPRESS: CB2 receptor agonist AM1241 regulating the polarization of microglia reduces morphine tolerance through IL-4/STAT6 pathway
EXPRESS: CB2 receptor agonist AM1241 regulating the polarization of microglia reduces morphine tolerance through IL-4/STAT6 pathway Open
Background: Pain has a seriously effect on patients’ life quality. The use of morphine for pain is common, but tolerance limits its application in clinic. However, there is no exact mechanism for tolerance. In this study, we explored the e…
View article: Cytokine dynamics in vitiligo: the roles of interleukin-10 and interleukin-17
Cytokine dynamics in vitiligo: the roles of interleukin-10 and interleukin-17 Open
Aim: Vitiligo is an autoimmune skin disorder characterized by melanocyte destruction and progressive depigmentation. Cytokine imbalance plays a key role in its pathogenesis. This study aims to evaluate and compare serum levels of the anti-…
View article: Characterization of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue induced by co-exposure to Asian sand dust and ovalbumin: a study using 3D serial section imaging
Characterization of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue induced by co-exposure to Asian sand dust and ovalbumin: a study using 3D serial section imaging Open
Introduction Inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT) develops with different morphologies and functions depending on the type of antigen, in which various cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-17, and the cells produci…
View article: <scp>IL</scp>‐4‐<scp>JAK1</scp>‐<scp>STAT6</scp> Pathway Mediates Electroacupuncture's Effect on Microglial <scp>M2</scp> Polarization to Treat Inflammatory Bowel Disease With Comorbid Depression
<span>IL</span>‐4‐<span>JAK1</span>‐<span>STAT6</span> Pathway Mediates Electroacupuncture's Effect on Microglial <span>M2</span> Polarization to Treat Inflammatory Bowel Disease With Comorbid Depression Open
Aims Depression is prevalent in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and linked to neuroinflammation. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated the efficacy of electroacupuncture in mice with IBD and depress…
View article: Differential Expression of Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), and Interleukin-1 Beta (IL-1β) in Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes: A Comparative Study of Messenger RNA (mRNA) and Protein Levels
Differential Expression of Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), and Interleukin-1 Beta (IL-1β) in Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes: A Comparative Study of Messenger RNA (mRNA) and Protein Levels Open
The findings reveal distinct inflammatory cytokine profiles associated with IR and T2DM, highlighting discrepancies between mRNA and protein levels that suggest complex post-transcriptional and translational regulation. These results empha…